While there is substantial research on what people want in their romantic and sexual partners, much of this work focuses on WEIRD, youthful samples, fails to consider the role of undesirable characteristics (i.e., things people do not want in partners) at all, or in conjunction with desirable characteristics (i.e., things people do want in partners), and may be overly reliant on psychometric approaches to pivotal variables in mating psychology like mate value and sociosexuality. In a nationally representative (online) sample of 2280 people from Czechia (aged between 18 and 50 years old), we examined linear and quadratic age, education, and self-perceived mate value (desirability) effects on the desired levels in mate choice of eight undesirable and seven desirable characteristics in men and women in relation to ostensible metrics of mate value. Self-perceived mate value alone explained little variance (men 1%, women 2%), while all mate value and mating strategy indicators together explained little variance of mate preferences and aversions (men 3%, women 5%). Desirable characteristics were better explained by mate value than undesirable ones. Our results are in line with evolutionary predictions suggesting that women are more demanding. Also, more qualities to offer correlate with more expectations in a partner.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Marriage psychology   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Sexual Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Sexual Partners * psychology   MeSH
• Choice Behavior MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na právní stav v Česku vzhledem k genderu, genderové rovnosti a znevýhodnění a diskriminaci. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Kniha Mužské právo II je pokračováním úspěšného titulu Mužské právo. Jsou právní pravidla neutrální? Jak uvádějí v úvodní kapitole samy editorky, obsahuje další příklady toho, že právní pravidla či praxe nedopadají na všechny lidi stejně a zvýhodňují svět tradičních privilegovaných mužů a případně též těch, kdo se jim nebo jejich pravidlům přizpůsobí. Ve druhém díle Mužského práva zvolilo autorstvo formu workshopů nad všemi texty, což umožnilo nejen zlepšení jednotlivých textů, ale i vytvoření společenství lidí hledajících nejlepší řešení předložených právních a společenských problémů a diskutujících o právních textech. A jak uvádějí editorky: „Věříme, že to má přidanou hodnotu i pro rozvoj akademické excelence a právní erudice v naší zemi i pro každou z nás. Uvědomily jsme si, že je třeba kultivovat debatu i mezi námi navzájem.“ Jednotlivé příspěvky jsou rozděleny podle témat: Ústavnost Násilí a těla Rodina Péče Práce Vzdělávání Profese Instituce, veřejný prostor, životní prostředí Autorstvo je opět složeno z odborníků z různých profesí jak praktických, tak akademických a kniha bude zajímavou pro všechny, kdo se zajímají o problematiku genderu, rovnost odměňování, LGBTQ+, rovnost ve vzdělávání apod.

• MeSH
• Feminism MeSH
• Gender Identity MeSH
• Gender Equity MeSH
• Sexism MeSH
• Sociological Factors MeSH
• Legislation as Topic MeSH
• Women's Rights MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Právo
• NML Fields
• právo, zákonodárství
• lidská práva
• sociologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Despite progress in attractiveness research, we have yet to identify many fitness-relevant cues in the human phenotype or humans' psychology for responding to them. Here, we test hypotheses about psychological systems that may have evolved to process distinct cues in the female lumbar region. The Fetal Load Hypothesis proposes a male preference for a morphological cue: lumbar curvature. The Lordosis Detection Hypothesis posits context-dependent male attraction to a movement: lordosis behavior. In two studies (Study 1 N: 102, Study 2 N: 231), we presented men with animated female characters that varied in their lumbar curvature and back arching (i.e., lordosis behavior). Irrespective of mating context, men's attraction increased as lumbar curvature approached the hypothesized optimum. By contrast, men experienced greater attraction to lordosis behavior in short-term than long-term mating contexts. These findings support both the Lordosis Detection and Fetal Load Hypotheses. Discussion focuses on the meaning of human lordosis and the importance of dynamic stimuli in attractiveness research.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lordosis * MeSH
• Cues MeSH
• Sexual Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Svrab, známy aj ako scabies, je infekčné kožné ochorenie spôsobené roztočom Sarcoptes scabiei. Tento parazit žije v chodbičkách v rohovej vrstve epidermis človeka, kde samička kladie vajíčka. Hlavným príznakom svrabu je neznesiteľné svrbenie, ktoré sa zvyšuje pred spaním, v noci alebo keď sme v teple. Svrab môže postihnúť ktorúkoľvek časť tela, ale sú preferovanejšie teplejšie oblasti ako ruky, zápästia, medzi prstami, z vnútornej strany lakťa, pohlavné orgány. Svrab sa prenáša hlavne priamym blízkym kontaktom s infikovanou osobou. Svrabu sa bez liečby nie je možné zbaviť. Liečba svrabu zahŕňa použitie antiektoparazitík, ktoré zákožku svrabovú ničia. Ak sa svrab nelieči, môže spôsobiť dlhotrvajúce svrbenie, sekundárne infekcie a ďalšie zdravotné komplikácie. Škrabanie kože môže viesť k závažným kožným infekciám. Neošetrené kožné infekcie môžu spôsobiť infekciu obličiek a otravu krvi. Ľudia s dlho neliečeným svrabom môžu mať trvale zjazvenú kožu po hlbokých škrabancov.

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasite lives in the corridors in the stratum corneum of the human epidermis, where the female lays its eggs. The main symptom of scabies is unbearable itching which increases before going to bed, at night or when we arein wormth. Scabies can affect any part of the body, but warmer areas, such as the hands, wrists, between the fingers, the inside of the elbow, or genitals, are preferred. Scabies is transmitted mainly by direct close contact with an infected person. You cannot get rid of scabies without treatment! The treatment of scabies includes the use of anti-ectoparasitic drugs that destroy the scabies. If left untreated, scabies can cause long-lasting itching, secondary infections, and other health complications. Scratching the skin can lead to serious skin infections. Untreated skin infections can cause kidney infection and blood poisoning. People with long-term untreated scabies may have permanently scarred skin from deep scratches.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Scabies * pathology   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

RATIONALE: Alcohol can disrupt conditioned sexual inhibition (CSI) established by first-order conditioning in male rats. CSI can also be induced using second-order conditioning, during which male rats are trained to associate a neutral odor with a nonreceptive female. As a result, when given access to two receptive females (one scented and one unscented) during a copulatory preference test, they display CSI toward the scented female. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effect of low-to-moderate doses of alcohol on CSI and brain activation following exposure to alcohol and the olfactory cue alone. METHODS: Sexually-naïve Long-Evans rats received alternate conditioning sessions with unscented receptive or scented (almond extract) non-receptive females. Following the conditioning phase, males were injected with saline, alcohol 0.5 g/kg or 1 g/kg, 45 min before a copulatory test with two receptive females, with one bearing the olfactory cue. Fos activation was later assessed, following exposure to alcohol and the olfactory cue alone, in several brain regions involved in the expression and regulation of male sexual behavior. RESULTS: While males in the saline group displayed sexual avoidance towards the scented female, those injected with alcohol before the copulatory test, regardless of the dose, copulated indiscriminately with both females. Subsequent exposure to alcohol and the olfactory cue alone induced different Fos expression between groups in several brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: Low to moderate doses of alcohol disrupt conditioned sexual inhibition in male rats and induce a differential pattern of neural activation, particularly in regions involved in the expression and regulation of sexual behavior.

• MeSH
• Ethanol * pharmacology   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Inhibition, Psychological MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Central Nervous System Depressants pharmacology   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Brain drug effects   metabolism   MeSH
• Conditioning, Psychological drug effects   MeSH
• Cues MeSH
• Rats, Long-Evans * MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos metabolism   MeSH
• Sexual Behavior, Animal * drug effects   MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Svrab, známy aj ako scabies, je infekčné kožné ochorenie spôsobené roztočom Sarcoptes scabiei. Tento parazit žije v chodbičkách v rohovej vrstve epidermis človeka, kde samička kladie vajíčka. Hlavným príznakom svrabu je neznesiteľné svrbenie, ktoré sa zvyšuje pred spaním, v noci alebo keď sme v teple. Svrab môže postihnúť ktorúkoľvek časť tela, ale sú preferovanejšie teplejšie oblasti ako ruky, zápästia, medzi prstami, z vnútornej strany lakťa, pohlavné orgány. Svrab sa prenáša hlavne priamym blízkym kontaktom s infikovanou osobou. Svrabu sa bez liečby nie je možné zbaviť. Liečba svrabu zahŕňa použitie antiektoparazitík, ktoré zákožku svrabovú ničia. Ak sa svrab nelieči, môže spôsobiť dlhotrvajúce svrbenie, sekundárne infekcie a ďalšie zdravotné komplikácie. Škrabanie kože môže viesť k závažným kožným infekciám. Neošetrené kožné infekcie môžu spôsobiť infekciu obličiek a otravu krvi. Ľudia s dlho neliečeným svrabom môžu mať trvale zjazvenú kožu po hlbokých škrabancov.

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasite lives in the corridors in the stratum corneum of the human epidermis, where the female lays its eggs. The main symptom of scabies is unbearable itching which increases before going to bed, at night or when we arein wormth. Scabies can affect any part of the body, but warmer areas, such as the hands, wrists, between the fingers, the inside of the elbow, or genitals, are preferred. Scabies is transmitted mainly by direct close contact with an infected person. You cannot get rid of scabies without treatment! The treatment of scabies includes the use of anti-ectoparasitic drugs that destroy the scabies. If left untreated, scabies can cause long-lasting itching, secondary infections, and other health complications. Scratching the skin can lead to serious skin infections. Untreated skin infections can cause kidney infection and blood poisoning. People with long-term untreated scabies may have permanently scarred skin from deep scratches.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Scabies * pathology   transmission   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Women with red hair color, i.e., 1-9% of female Europeans, tend to be the subject of various stereotypes about their sexually liberated behavior. The aim of the present case-control study was to explore whether a connection between red hair color and sexual behavior really exists using data from 110 women (34% redheaded) and 93 men (22% redheaded). Redheadedness in women, correlated with various traits related to sexual life, namely with higher sexual desire as measured by Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, with higher sexual activity and more sexual partners of the preferred gender over the past year, earlier initiation of sexual life, and higher sexual submissiveness. Structural equation modelling, however, showed that sexual desire of redheaded women mediated neither their higher sexual activity nor their higher number of sexual partners. These results indirectly indicate that the apparently more liberated sexual behavior in redheaded women could be the consequence of potential mates' frequent attempts to have sex with them. Our results contradicted the three other tested models, specifically the models based on the assumption of different physiology, faster life history strategy, and altered self-perception of redheaded women induced by stereotypes about them. Naturally, the present study cannot say anything about the validity of other potential models that were not subjects of testing.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

According to the congruency hypothesis, relationship satisfaction is predicted by the congruency (or non-congruency) between current use of oral contraceptives (OC) and their use during relationship formation. This is based on findings that OC may alter women's mate preferences, so that attraction to their partner may have changed in non-congruent women. Indeed, some studies find that women in a non-congruent state were less sexually satisfied with their partner, although they were more satisfied in non-sexual aspects of the relationship. However, some other studies have produced null results, calling the hypothesis into question. In this study, we tested the congruency hypothesis in two samples of pregnant women, and in two samples of couples attending a fertility clinic. In all four samples, couples completed questionnaires on relationship and sexual satisfaction and the women also reported their previous and current contraceptive use. In one sample of pregnant women, we found that women who used OC during relationship formation were more sexually satisfied with their partner compared to women who did not use OC at that time; this pattern has previously been interpreted as supporting the congruency hypothesis in view of certain similarities in hormonal profile between OC use and pregnancy. We did not find any significant effect of OC use during relationship formation on sexual and relationship satisfaction in the other sample of pregnant women, either sample attending the fertility clinic, or in the male partners of any of our samples. Our results thus provide mixed support for the congruency hypothesis. Finally, we discuss recommendations for future studies such as use of within-subject designs and more structured assessment of sexual satisfaction.

• MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations * MeSH
• Fertility Clinics MeSH
• Contraceptives, Oral * administration & dosage   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Personal Satisfaction * MeSH
• Sexual Partners * psychology   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Although mechanisms of mate preference are thought to be relatively hard-wired, experience with appetitive and consummatory sexual reward has been shown to condition preferences for partner related cues and even objects that predict sexual reward. Here, we reviewed evidence from laboratory species and humans on sexually conditioned place, partner, and ejaculatory preferences in males and females, as well as the neurochemical, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms putatively responsible. From a comprehensive review of the available data, we concluded that opioid transmission at μ opioid receptors forms the basis of sexual pleasure and reward, which then sensitizes dopamine, oxytocin, and vasopressin systems responsible for attention, arousal, and bonding, leading to cortical activation that creates awareness of attraction and desire. First experiences with sexual reward states follow a pattern of sexual imprinting, during which partner- and/or object-related cues become crystallized by conditioning into idiosyncratic "types" that are found sexually attractive and arousing. These mechanisms tie reward and reproduction together, blending proximate and ultimate causality in the maintenance of variability within a species.

• MeSH
• Ejaculation physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Reward MeSH
• Analgesics, Opioid * MeSH
• Sexual Behavior, Animal * physiology   MeSH
• Sexual Behavior MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

In normal hormonal conditions, increased neuronal activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) induces lordosis whereas activation of the preoptic area (POA) exerts an opposite effect. In the present work, we explored the effect of bilateral infusion of different doses of the apelin-13 (0.37, 0.75, 1.5, and 15 μg) in both brain areas on the expression of lordosis behavior. Lordosis quotient and lordosis reflex score were performed at 30, 120, and 240 min. Weak lordosis was observed following the 0.37 μg dose of apelin-13 at 30 min in the VMH of EB-primed rats; however, the rest of the doses induced significant lordosis relative to the control group. At 120 min, all doses induced lordosis behavior, while at 240 min, the highest dose of 15 μg did not induce significant differences. Interestingly, only the 0.75 μg infusion of apelin in the POA induced significant lordosis at 120 and 240 min. These results indicate that apelin-13 acts preferably in HVM and slightly in POA to initiate lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed rats.

• MeSH
• Preoptic Area * drug effects   pathology   MeSH
• Estradiol pharmacology   MeSH
• Estrogens pharmacology   MeSH
• Hypothalamus drug effects   pathology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Lordosis * chemically induced   MeSH
• Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins * pharmacology   MeSH
• Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus drug effects   pathology   MeSH
• Progesterone pharmacology   MeSH
• Sexual Behavior, Animal drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH