Phage resistance
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Phage therapy is increasingly put forward as a "new" potential tool in the fight against antibiotic resistant infections. During the "Centennial Celebration of Bacteriophage Research" conference in Tbilisi, Georgia on 26-29 June 2017, an international group of phage researchers committed to elaborate an expert opinion on three contentious phage therapy related issues that are hampering clinical progress in the field of phage therapy. This paper explores and discusses bacterial phage resistance, phage training and the presence of prophages in bacterial production strains while reviewing relevant research findings and experiences. Our purpose is to inform phage therapy stakeholders such as policy makers, officials of the competent authorities for medicines, phage researchers and phage producers, and members of the pharmaceutical industry. This brief also points out potential avenues for future phage therapy research and development as it specifically addresses those overarching questions that currently call for attention whenever phages go into purification processes for application.
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika virologie MeSH
- bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie terapie MeSH
- bakteriofágy fyziologie MeSH
- fágová terapie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- znalecký posudek MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Problematika léčby infekcí vyvolaných bakteriálními kmeny rezistentními na antibiotika může být řešena zavedením racionální fágové terapie. Bakteriofágy (fágy) byly již v minulosti hojně užívány k léčbě a prevenci bakteriálních infekcí a ve srovnání s antibiotikovou terapií nevedla jejich aplikace ve většině případů k závažným vedlejším účinkům. Zatímco dříve byly pro fágovou terapii využívány preparáty obsahující celé fágové částice, v současnosti otevírá nové možnosti v boji proti obtížně léčitelným infekcím izolace dobře charakterizovaných purifikovaných fágových komponent s antimikrobiálními vlastnostmi. Dnes je fágová terapie rozvíjena zejména u infekcí vyvolaných bakteriálními rody Eníerococcus, Escherichia, Klehsiella, Listeria, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus a Streptococcus. Vedle humánní a veterinární medicíny nacházejí principy fágové terapie uplatnění také v zemědělství a potravinářství. Dosud prováděné klinické studie a četné experimenty na zvířecích modelech dokládají, že fágová terapie je účinnou a bezpečnou alternativou antibiotikové léčby bakteriálních infekcí.
A solution to the problem of the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains can be the use of rational phage therapy. In the past, bacteriophages (phages) were often used for the treatment and prevention of infections and unlike antibiotic therapy, phage therapy caused almost no serious side effects. While previously several preparations containing whole phage particles were available for phage therapy, currently, the isolation of well characterised and purified phage components with antibacterial properties opens up new options for the management of intractable infections caused primarily by the bacterial genera Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsielia, Listeria, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. In addition to human and veterinary medicine, the phage therapy principles also find use in the agriculture and food industry. Recent and former clinical studies as well as numerous animal model experiments have supported that phage therapy is an effective and safe alternative of antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections.
Phages are viruses which can specifically infect bacteria, resulting in their destruction. Bacterial infections are a common complication of wound healing, and experimental evidence from animal models demonstrates promising potential for phage-dependent eradication of wound-associated infections. The studies discussed suggest that phage therapy may be an effective treatment, with important advantages over some current antibacterial treatments. Phage cocktails, as well as co-administration of phages and antibiotics, have been reported to minimise bacterial resistance. Further, phage-antibiotic synergism has been reported in some studies. The ideal dose of phages is still subject to debate, with evidence for both high and low doses to yield therapeutic effects. Novel delivery methods, such as hydrogels, are being explored for their advantages in topical wound healing. There are more and more Good Manufacturing Practice facilities dedicated to manufacturing phage products and phage therapy units across the world, showing the changing perception of phages which is occurring. However, further research is needed to secure the place of phages in modern medicine, with some scientists calling upon the World Health Organisation to help promote phage therapy.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- bakteriální infekce * terapie MeSH
- bakteriofágy * MeSH
- fágová terapie * metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- dyzenterie MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- fagotypizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- Shigella sonnei izolace a purifikace klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) represent a significant healthcare challenge, particularly in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. This study investigates the efficacy of a novel therapeutic approach combining bacteriophage (phage) therapy with a gum Karaya (GK)-based hydrogel delivery system in a porcine model of deep staphylococcal SSTIs. The study exploits the lytic activity and safety of the Staphylococcus phage 812K1/420 of the Kayvirus genus, which is active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The GK injectable hydrogels and hydrogel films, developed by our research group, serve as effective, non-toxic, and easy-to-apply delivery systems, supporting moist wound healing and re-epithelialization. In the porcine model, the combined treatment showed asynergistic effect, leading to a significant reduction in bacterial load (2.5 log CFU/gram of tissue) within one week. Local signs of inflammation were significantly reduced by day 8, with clear evidence of re-epithelialization and wound contraction. Importantly, no adverse effects of the GK-based delivery system were observed throughout the study. The results highlight the potential of this innovative therapeutic approach to effectively treat deep staphylococcal SSTIs, providing a promising avenue for further research and clinical application in the field of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- MeSH
- fágová terapie * metody MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely * aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- infekce v ráně * terapie mikrobiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- rostlinné gumy chemie MeSH
- stafylokokové bakteriofágy MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * terapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
