Background and Aims: The genetic basis of increased rooting below the plough layer, post-anthesis in the field, of an elite wheat line (Triticum aestivum 'Shamrock') with recent introgression from wild emmer (T. dicoccoides), is investigated. Shamrock has a non-glaucous canopy phenotype mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2B (2BS), derived from the wild emmer. A secondary aim was to determine whether genetic effects found in the field could have been predicted by other assessment methods. Methods: Roots of doubled haploid (DH) lines from a winter wheat ('Shamrock' × 'Shango') population were assessed using a seedling screen in moist paper rolls, in rhizotrons to the end of tillering, and in the field post-anthesis. A linkage map was produced using single nucleotide polymorphism markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for rooting traits. Key Results: Shamrock had greater root length density (RLD) at depth than Shango, in the field and within the rhizotrons. The DH population exhibited diversity for rooting traits within the three environments studied. QTLs were identified on chromosomes 5D, 6B and 7B, explaining variation in RLD post-anthesis in the field. Effects associated with the non-glaucous trait on RLD interacted significantly with depth in the field, and some of this interaction mapped to 2BS. The effect of genotype was strongly influenced by the method of root assessment, e.g. glaucousness expressed in the field was negatively associated with root length in the rhizotrons, but positively associated with length in the seedling screen. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify QTLs for rooting at depth in field-grown wheat at mature growth stages. Within the population studied here, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that some of the variation in rooting is associated with recent introgression from wild emmer. The expression of genetic effects differed between the methods of root assessment.
Staphylinid beetles are recommended bioindicators for the pre-market environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) insect protected maize expressing the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Our multiannual study is a unique European analysis of a staphylinid community within a 14 ha maize field. GM maize, its near-isogenic hybrid (with or without insecticide treatment), and two other reference hybrids were each grown in five 0.5 ha plots. The opportunity for exposure to Cry toxin from plant residues ploughed into the soil was shown by the presence of saprophagous dipteran larvae that are common prey of predatory staphylinid species and hosts of the parasitoid species. 2587 individuals belonging to 77 staphylinid species were sampled using pitfall traps. Lesteva longoelytrata (31%), Oxypoda acuminata (12%), Aloconota sulcifrons (8%) and Anotylus rugosus (7%) were the most abundant beetles in the field. Bionomics, food specialization, temperature requirements and size group were assigned for 25 most common species. These traits determine the occurrence of staphylinid beetles in the field, the food sources they could utilize and thus also their likely contact with the Cry3Bb1 toxin. Statistical analysis of activity abundance, Rao indices and multivariate analysis of distribution of particular categories of functional traits in the field showed negligible effects of the experimental treatments, including the GM maize, upon the staphylinid community. Staphylinid beetles represent a considerably diverse part of epigeic field fauna with wide food specialization; these features render them suitable for the assessment of environmental safety of GM insect protected maize. However, the availability of prey and the presence of particular staphylinid species and their abundance are highly variable; this complicates the interpretation of the results.
- MeSH
- Bacterial Proteins analysis genetics MeSH
- Coleoptera physiology MeSH
- Diptera drug effects physiology MeSH
- Endotoxins analysis genetics MeSH
- Plants, Genetically Modified adverse effects MeSH
- Hemolysin Proteins analysis genetics MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Insecticides adverse effects MeSH
- Zea mays genetics metabolism MeSH
- Larva drug effects physiology MeSH
- Soil Pollutants analysis toxicity MeSH
- Food Chain MeSH
- Predatory Behavior MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
... been supported by unrestricted grants from: Mead Johnson, Nestle Nutrition, Phadia and Shering -- Plough ...
Pediatric allergy and immunology, ISSN 0906-5784 vol. 19, suppl. 19, August 2008
70 stran : ilustrace ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Asthma MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Immune System Diseases MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Pediatrie
- NML Fields
- pediatrie
- alergologie a imunologie
... differentiation and arthritogenesis 8 -- Molecular rheumatology 8 -- Satellite symposium Schering Plough ... ... Whitehall 69 -- Osteoporóza 70 -- Osteoartróza a revmatochirugie 71 -- Satelitní symposium fy Schering Plough ...
Česká revmatologie, ISSN 1210-7905 Supplementum 1, Ročník 16, 2008
84 stran ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- Rheumatic Diseases diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Rheumatology methods trends MeSH
- Publication type
- Abstracts MeSH
- Congress MeSH
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- revmatologie
Úvod: Hledání nových metabolicky účinných a neškodných hypolipidemik pro léč¬bu familiární hypercholesterolémie přineslo úspěch ve formě selektivního inhibitoru vstřebávání cholesterolu, který je poprvé vyzkoušen i u našich dětí a adolescentů. Cíl: Praktické vyzkoušení nového nestatinového léku ezetimibu - selektivního inhi¬bitoru střevní absorpce cholesterolu - pro účinnou léčbu dětské familiární hypercholesterolémie. Výsledky: Pětadvacet dětí a adolescentů s molekulárně-geneticky prokázanou fami-liární hypercholesterolémií bylo úspěšně léčeno ezetimibem v dávce 5 nebo 10 mg/d samostatně nebo v kombinaci se simvastatinem či atorvastatinem (2,5-20 mg/d). U všech pacientů bylo velice snadno dosaženo léčebné hladiny celkového cholesterolu 4,8 mmol/1. U 15 dětí stačilo k normalizaci hladiny cholesterolu pouze podávání samot¬ného Ezetrolu (5-10 mg/d). Žádné nepříznivé účinky během 21eté léčby zatím nebyly pozorovány. Závěr: Ezetrol (Schering Plough-MSD) podávaný v dávkách 5 a nebo 10 mg/d samostatně nebo v kombinaci se simvastatinem a atorvastatinem velmi efektivně snižoval zvýšený cholesterol u dětské a adolescentní familiární hypercholesterolémie na léčebnou hladinu. Za 2 roky podávání autoři nepozorovali žádné nepříznivé vedlejší účinky ani změny laboratorních markerů nutrice včetně vitaminů, pohlavních hormonů či somatometrických údajů růstu a hmotnosti.
Introduction: The search for new metabolically effective and harmless hypolipidemic drugs for the therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia proved to be successful in finding a selective inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, which was tested in our children and adolescents for the first time. Objective: Practical testing of a new non-statin drug ezetimib - a selective inhibitor of intestinal absorption of cholesterol - for efficient therapy of the child familial hypercholesterolemia. Results: Twenty-five children with familial hypercholesterolemia demonstrated by molecular genetic methods were successfully treated with ezetimib at the dose of 5 or 10 mg/d as monotherapy or in combination with simvastatin or atorvastatin (2.5 to 20 mg/d). In all patients the therapeutic level of total cholesterol of 4.8 mmol/1 was easily reached. In 15 children Ezetrol (5 to 10 mg/d) alone was sufficient for cholesterol levels to become normál. No unfavorable effects háve been observed during the two years of therapy. Conclusion: Ezetrol (Schering Plough-MSD) administered at the dose of 5 or 10 mg/d as monotherapy or in combination with simvastatin or atorvastatin very efficiently decreased the level of elevated cholesterol in the child and adolescent hypercholesterolemia to therapeutic level. Over the two years of administration neither untoward side effects háve been observed, nor changes in laboratory markers of nutrition including vitamins, sex hormones or somatometric data of growth and body mass.
- Keywords
- Ezetrol,
- MeSH
- Azetidines administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Drug Combinations MeSH
- Drug Evaluation MeSH
- Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Simvastatin administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
To define the soil properties for a given area or country including the level of pollution, soil survey and inventory programs are essential tools. Soil data transformations enable the expression of the original data on a new scale, more suitable for data analysis. In the computer-aided interactive analysis of large data files of soil characteristics containing outliers, the diagnostic plots of the exploratory data analysis (EDA) often find that the sample distribution is systematically skewed or reject sample homogeneity. Under such circumstances the original data should be transformed. The Box-Cox transformation improves sample symmetry and stabilizes spread. The logarithmic plot of a profile likelihood function enables the optimum transformation parameter to be found. Here, a proposed procedure for data transformation in univariate data analysis is illustrated on a determination of cadmium content in the plough zone of agricultural soils. A typical soil pollution survey concerns the determination of the elements Be (16 544 values available), Cd (40 317 values), Co (22 176 values), Cr (40 318 values), Hg (32 344 values), Ni (34 989 values), Pb (40 344 values), V (20 373 values) and Zn (36 123 values) in large samples.
