Pyrethroids
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BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid metabolites are widely detectable in urine from the general population, including pregnant women and children. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic and suggested endocrine disruptors. Exposure during vulnerable developmental time windows may have long-term impacts on neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the epidemiological evidence for neurodevelopmental effects related to prenatal and childhood pyrethroid exposure in a systematic review and to assess biological plausibility by evaluating mechanistic evidence. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to September 1, 2021 and included original studies published in English in which pyrethroid exposure was measured or estimated during pregnancy or childhood and associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes in the children were investigated. The Navigation Guide Systematic Review Methodology was used to evaluate the epidemiological evidence. For mechanistic evidence, we focused on relevant key events (KEs) suggested in Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) using the OECD-supported AOP-wiki platform. A systematic search combining the KEs with pyrethroids, including 26 individual compounds, was performed in the ToxCast database. RESULTS: Twenty-five epidemiological studies met the inclusion criteria, 17 presented findings on prenatal exposure, 10 on childhood exposure and two on both exposure windows. The overall body of evidence was rated as "moderate quality" with "sufficient evidence" for an association between prenatal pyrethroid exposure and adverse neurodevelopment. For childhood exposure, the overall rating was "low quality" with "limited evidence" because of cross-sectional study design. Regarding mechanistic evidence, we found that pyrethroids are able to interfere with neurodevelopmental KEs included in established AOPs for adverse neurodevelopmental. The evidence was strongest for interference with thyroid hormone (TH) function. CONCLUSION: Pyrethroids are probably human developmental neurotoxicants and adverse impacts of pyrethroid exposure on neurodevelopment are likely at exposure levels occurring in the general population. Preventive measures to reduce exposure among pregnant women and children are warranted.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- hormony štítné žlázy MeSH
- insekticidy * toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- pyrethriny * metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
The mycotoxin patulin (PAT) is well known as a natural contaminant of apple- and other fruit-based products. Pesticides are a group of chemicals abundantly used in agriculture to maximize productivity by protecting crops from pests and weeds. Because of their harmful health effects, PAT and pesticides are strictly monitored. The current study was undertaken to investigate the significance of PAT and pyrethroid insecticide contamination in a variety of fruit juices in Bangkok. To do this, a total of 200 fruit juice samples, consisting of 40 samples each of apple, apricot, peach, pineapple, and grape juice, were collected from supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. PAT contamination in a variety of fruit juices was detected using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and pyrethroid insecticides (cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flumethrin) were analyzed using a gas chromatography equipped with micro-electron capture detector. The survey found that PAT concentrations were lower than the maximum residue limit established by European Union. The results of the present study suggest that the risk of exposure to harmful levels of PAT, cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flumethrin in fruit juices is very low in urban areas of Thailand.
- MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- Malus MeSH
- nápoje MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- ovocné a zeleninové šťávy mikrobiologie MeSH
- patulin analýza MeSH
- pyrethriny analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Thajsko MeSH
The cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB), Psylliodes chrysocephala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has recently become a major pest species in winter oilseed rape in the Czech Republic. The susceptibility of CSFB populations from two localities to six pyrethroids, two neonicotinoids, one organophosphate and one oxadiazine was evaluated in 2015-2018 in glass vial experiments. The susceptibility of CSFB to thiacloprid and thiamethoxam was evaluated in feeding experiment in 2017 and 2018. High susceptibility of CSFB populations to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate, tau-fluvalinate, etofenprox, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, indoxacarb and acetamiprid was observed in the glass vial experiments. The LC50 and LC90 data obtained for pyrethroids in these experiments in 2015 represent baseline for CSFB resistance monitoring to pyrethroids in the Czech Republic. High tolerance of CSFB to thiacloprid of CSFB was demonstrated in glass vial and the feeding experiment, too.
- MeSH
- Brassica parazitologie MeSH
- brouci účinky léků patogenita MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- neonikotinoidy toxicita MeSH
- pyrethriny toxicita MeSH
- rezistence k insekticidům * MeSH
- thiaziny toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- COOPEX (WELLCOMS), KUDOS, EMPIRE 20, DIACA P 300 CS,
- MeSH
- dezinfekce MeSH
- dezinficiencia chemie metabolismus škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- pyrethriny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: An increase in the spread of pyrethroid resistance in the pollen beetle has been documented in many European countries. Pyrethroid resistance in the pollen beetle in the Czech Republic has been detected using a topical application bioassay. Resistance monitoring has been carried out during the implementation of insect resistance management. RESULTS: The susceptibilities of nine pollen beetle populations to four pyrethroids in 2009 - 2015 in the Czech Republic are presented in this paper. The highest resistance ratio (RR) values [based on the lethal dose for 50% of the population (LD50 )] obtained for deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, tau-fluvalinate and etofenprox were 500, 299, 108 and 66.9, respectively. Pollen beetle mortality after application of deltamethrin or lambda-cyhalothrin gradually decreased from 2009 to 2013. High cross-resistance between lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin and low cross-resistance between lambda-cyhalothrin and etofenprox were demonstrated. A kdr mutation known to cause resistance in the pollen beetle was not detected. CONCLUSION: A high level of resistance was recorded in most of the nine populations of the pollen beetle in 2013. In the following 2 years, a decrease in resistance associated with a population density decrease of the pollen beetle was observed in all nine populations as a result of insect resistance management based on pyrethroid reduction in winter oilseed rape. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- brouci účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie MeSH
- pyrethriny farmakologie MeSH
- rezistence k insekticidům * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The purpose of investigation was to study the effect of pesticides from group of pyrethroids (e.g. decis) on the enzymatic function in the homogenate of the mucosal membrane of the proximal and distal segments of the small intestine. Determination of the degree of the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the homogenates of some parts of the intestine allowed to show effect of pesticide decis on the gradient of distribution of enzymatic activity along the intestine. For characteristic of the enzymatic activity of the small intestine there was performed study of the activity of dipeptidase, amylase, invertase and alkaline phosphatase in the homogenate of the mucosal membrane from proximal and distal parts in multiple effects of pesticide decis in toxic dose (1/20 LD50 ) during 4 months. Changes of the enzymatic activity in acute poisoning were depended on the time of pesticide exposure and site of the bowel. The different digestive enzymes have different response to effect ofpesticidesof pyrethroid group (decis), there are differences in the reactions of proximal and distal part of the small intestine and there is correlation between changes of activity of the majority hydrolases and administered dose of pesticides.
For over two decades, the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) has been undergoing a dramatic global resurgence, likely in part to the evolution of mechanisms conferring resistance to insecticides. One such mechanism is knock-down resistance (kdr), resulting from nonsynonymous mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene. To date, three mutations have been identified in C. lectularius, V419L, L925I, and I936F. Using Sanger sequencing, the frequency and distribution of these VGSC mutations across 131 populations collected from the bat-associated and human-associated lineages of C. lectularius found in Europe are documented. All populations from the bat-associated lineage lacked mutations at the three sites. In contrast, the majority of populations associated with humans (93.5%) possessed the mutation at the L925I site. The I936F mutation, previously only reported in Israel and Australia, was found in nine populations spread across several European countries, including the Czech Republic and Switzerland. The high frequency of kdr-associated resistance already reported in C. lectularius and the occurrence and broad geographic distribution of this additional VGSC mutation, questions the continued use of pyrethroids in the treatment of infestations.
- MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- pyrethriny farmakologie MeSH
- rezistence k insekticidům genetika MeSH
- štěnice účinky léků genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
