Background. The main aim of this study was to estimate the effect of physical activities (PA) on cognitive functions (CF) in cognitively impaired older adults divided according to the impairment severity. Methods. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCT). We focused on the effect of exercise on CF in intervention groups and control groups separately in people with cognitive impairment across three levels - borderline intact, mild, and moderate cognitive impairment separately. Results. Data from 40 studies involving 1,780 participants from intervention groups and 1,508 participants from control groups were analyzed. 37.0% of intervention groups presented a statistically significant beneficial effect of PA on CF, while 5% presented a statistically significant harmful effect of PA on CF. 40.0% of the control groups showed a significant decrease in CF. 54.3% interventions had a statistically significant beneficial effect (Hedges’ g > 0). However, there was a great variability between the studies in terms of exercise program description and cognitive impairment of the subjects. Conclusions. Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairment. The positive effect is stronger in people with a mild level of cognitive impairment.

• MeSH
• demence diagnóza   rehabilitace   MeSH
• kognice klasifikace   MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odporový trénink metody   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   MeSH
• testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

CONTEXT: Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations. RESULTS: Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence fyziologie   MeSH
• kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost fyziologie   MeSH
• terapie cvičením MeSH
• tuková tkáň imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

We investigated changes in functional fitness after an exercise program in combination with Calanus oil supplementation, a novel source of bioactive lipids rich in wax esters with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA). Fifty-five healthy sedentary women aged 65-80 (mean age 70.9 ± 3.9 years, BMI 27.24 ± 3.9 kg m-2, VO2peak 19.46 ± 3.7 ml kg-1 min-1) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into two groups: exercise training plus Calanus Oil supplementation (n = 28) or exercise plus placebo (sunflower oil) supplementation (n = 27). The exercise intervention program was completed by 53 participants and contained functional circuit training (twice a week, 45 min plus 15 min of stretching and balance training) and Nordic walking (once a week, 60 min) for 16 weeks. Senior fitness test, exercise stress test on bicycle ergometer, hand-grip, and body composition were evaluated before and after the program. Our results show that functional fitness and body composition improved following the interventional exercise program, but for most of the parameters there was no synergic effect of supplementing n-3 PUFA-rich Calanus oil. In comparison to the placebo group, the group with Calanus supplementation experienced significantly higher improvement of functional strength of lower body which was evaluated by the chair stand test. Supplementation with Calanus may have a synergic effect with exercise on functional strength of the lower body in the elderly.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• Copepoda chemie   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kondiční příprava metody   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omega-3 mastné kyseliny MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síla ruky MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Physical activity (PA) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders, including sarcopenia. The positive influence of PA interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions. Current reviews on the topic include studies with varied PA interventions for sarcopenia; nevertheless, no systematic review exploring the effects of PA in general on sarcopenia has been published. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in older people on the basis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for articles addressing the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Twenty-five articles were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant association between PA and sarcopenia was documented in most of the studies, as well as the protective role of PA against sarcopenia development. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that PA reduces the odds of acquiring sarcopenia in later life (odds ratio [OR] =0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.55). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the beneficial influence of PA in general for the prevention of sarcopenia.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sarkopenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH