Analýza cca 1500 chorobopisů dětských popálených pacientů s cílem zjistit mechanismy vzniku nejčastějších popálenin a vypracovat návrh preventivních opatření k snížení incidence těchto úrazů, včetně ekonomického zhodnocení jejich realizace.; Analysis about 1500 burnt children in hospital based retrospective pilot study for obtaining the information essential for development of appropriate preventive strategies targeted to decrease of incidence burn injuries in childhood.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• popálení prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• popáleninové jednotky MeSH
• prevence úrazů MeSH
• úrazy a nehody MeSH
• úrazy v domácnosti prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• traumatologie
• sociální lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Vliv znečištění vnějšího a vnitřního prostředí na frekvenci a závažnost respiračních onemocnění 3-6letých dětí. XXX XXX XXX

• MeSH
• alergie epidemiologie   MeSH
• atopická dermatitida epidemiologie   MeSH
• bronchiální astma epidemiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• sezónní alergická rýma epidemiologie   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• pneumologie a ftizeologie
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

úmrtnost,odvratitelná úmrtí,prevence,léčba,osvěta XXX XXX XXX

• MeSH
• mortalita MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased rapidly, with considerable variation between European countries. The study examined the relationship between air pollutants, greenspace, and MetS and its components in the Czech and Swiss populations. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) (n = 4,931) and the Swiss cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) (n = 4,422) cohorts included participants aged 44-73 years. MetS was defined as abdominal obesity plus two additional components (hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides). Annual mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and greenspace (defined as the annual mean of normalized difference vegetation index within 500 m) were assigned to the individual residential level. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using multivariable logistic regressions with cluster-robust standard error, controlling for multiple confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in the Czech (51.1%) compared with Swiss (35.8%) population as were the concentration means of PM10 and PM2.5. In HAPIEE, a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 14% higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.28). In SAPALDIA, no evidence was found for the associations between air pollutants and MetS (e.g. OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.13 for PM2.5). No protective effects of normalized difference vegetation index on MetS were observed. Upon inspection of MetS components, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were associated with higher odds of hypertension and elevated triglycerides in HAPIEE only, while PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with higher odds of diabetes in SAPALDIA only. CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher exposures to PM2.5 may be at higher risk of MetS. The differential associations with MetS components between the cohorts deserve further investigation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Zahraniční studie naznačují, že výskyt deprese závisí na sociálních podmínkách oblasti, ve které lidé žijí. Cílem této studie bylo zjistit, zda je výskyt depresivních příznaků rozdílný mezi šesti odlišnými městy v České republice participujícími v české části mezinárodní studie Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE). Depresivní symptomatologie byla měřena pomocí škály deprese Centra pro epidemiologické studie (CES-D). Vztah mezi charakteristikami účastníků, městy a depresivními příznaky byl studován pomocí binární logistické regrese. Do studie bylo v Česku zařazeno 8 267 jedinců (věkový průměr 58 let, 53 % žen). Nejvyšší prevalence depresivních příznaků byla v Karviné-Havířově (20,6 %), nejnižší v Hradci Králové (17,8 %). Rozdíly mezi městy nebyly statisticky významné a byly částečně vysvětleny individuálními sociodemografickými a zdravotními charakteristikami. Tyto výsledky ukazují, že rozdíly v prevalenci depresivních příznaků mezi českými městy jsou malé, pravděpodobně klinicky nevýznamné. Preventivní intervence ke snížení rizika deprese by se měly zaměřit na individuální sociální, demografické a zdravotní faktory.

Previous studies suggest that the occurrence of depression depends on social conditions in the area of residence. The aim of this study was to determine whether the prevalence of depressive symptoms differs between six Czech towns participating in the Czech branch of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The associations between individual characteristics, town of residence and depressive symptoms were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The study included 8,267 individuals (mean age 58, 53 % women). The highest prevalence of depressive symptoms was in Karviná-Havířov (20,6 %) and the lowest in Hradec Králové (17,8 %). The differences between towns were not statistically significant and they were further explained by individual sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. These results suggest that the differences in depressive symptoms between Czech towns are small and probably not clinically relevant. Preventative interventions for decreasing the burden of risk factors for depression should target individual social, demographic and health-related factors.

• MeSH
• deprese * psychologie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Dyslipidemia is the risk factor of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between the plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and total/cardiovascular mortality has not yet been analyzed in Slavs. The aim of our study was to analyze the association between the fasting TG levels and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality. We have examined 3,143 males and 3,650 females, aged 58.3+/-7.1 years. 729 deaths (274 cardiovascular deaths) have been registered during up to 11.8 years of follow-up. Age-sex adjusted all-cause mortality was higher in individuals with TG values 3.01-4.00 mmol/l (HR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.02-1.83, P=0.035) and over 4.00 mmol/l (HR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.21-2.27, P=0.002) when compared with a reference group (TG 1.41-1.80 mmol/l). Elevated risk remains significant when adjusted for education, marital status and unemployment. When further adjusted for smoking, BMI and dyslipidemia interventions, HR for those in above 4.00 mmol/l group decreased (1.42, P=0.04). The results have been similar when cardiovascular mortality has been examined, however, results reached statistical significance only for the TG over 4.0 mmol/l (P=0.028). Our results confirmed that enhanced plasma levels of plasma triglycerides are dose dependently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, however, it seems that individuals with TG values 1.8-3.0 mmol/l are not in higher risk of death.

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci krev   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy krev   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• surveillance populace * metody   MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

DNA genotyping is among the most common analyses currently performed in scientific research. Two high-throughput genotyping techniques are widely used - the "classic" PCR-RFLP and probe-based methods such as TaqMan® PCR assay or KASP™ genotyping. The probe-based techniques are claimed to be more accurate than PCR-RFLP; however, the evidence for this claim is sparse. We have directly compared results of genotyping of two SNPs (rs1229984 and rs17817449) obtained by the PCR-RFLP and KASP™ in 1,502 adult Caucasians. The results were identical in 97.3 % and 95.9 % cases, respectively. Discrepancies (either different results or result obtained with one but not with the other method) were addressed by confirmatory analysis using direct sequencing. The sequencing revealed that both methods can give incorrect results, but the frequency of incorrect genotyping of rs1229984 and rs17817449 was very low for both methods - 0.1 % and 0.5 %, respectively, for PCR-RFLP and 0.1 % and 0.3 %, respectively, for KASP™. These results confirm that the KASP™ technique is slightly more accurate, but it achieves slightly lower call rates than PCR-RFLP. When carefully set up, both PCR-RFLP and KASP™ could have accuracy of 99.5 % or higher.

• MeSH
• alkoholdehydrogenasa genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů genetika   MeSH
• proteiny genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies identified the FTO (fat mass and obesity gene) gene as an important determinant of body weight. More recently, the FTO gene was reported to be associated with other outcomes, including major risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the role of this gene in the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) caused by CKD. METHODS: We conducted two large population-based case-control studies of ESRD. Study 1 compared 984 haemodialysed patients with ESRD with 2501 participants in the Czech post-MONICA study; Study 2 compared 1188 patients included in a kidney transplantation programme for ESRD with 6681 participants in the Czech HAPIEE study. The frequencies of the FTO rs17817449 single nucleotide polymorphism genotype were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: The FTO rs17817449 genotype was significantly associated with CKD in both studies (P-values 0.00004 and 0.006, respectively). In the pooled data, the odds ratios of CKD for GG and GT, versus TT genotype, were 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.20-1.56) and 1.17 (1.05-1.31), respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Among haemodialysed and kidney transplant patients, the onset of ESRD in GG homozygotes was 3.3 (P = 0.012) and 2.5 (P = 0.032) years, respectively, earlier than in TT homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS: These two large independent case-control studies in the general population found robust associations between the FTO rs17817449 polymorphism and the ESRD. The results suggest that the morbidities associated with the FTO gene include CKD.

• MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• DNA genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický genetika   MeSH
• proteiny genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The FTO gene variants are the most important genetic determinants of body weight and obesity known so far, but the mechanism of their effect remains unclear. We have analyzed FTO rs17817449 variant (G>T in first intron) in 6024 adults aged 45-69 years to assess the potential mediating role of diet and physical activity. Diet was assessed by a 140-item food frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was measured by hours spent during a typical week by sport, walking and other activities outside of work requiring heavy and medium physical activity. Basal metabolic rate was calculated according Schofield formula. The FTO variant was significantly associated with body mass index (means in GG, GT and TT carriers were 28.7, 28.2 and 27.8 kg/m(2), p<0.001) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) (means in GG, GT and TT were 1603, 1588 and 1576 kcal per day, respectively, p<0.008) but it was not associated with physical activity, total energy intake or with energy intakes from fat, carbohydrates, proteins or alcohol. Results were essentially similar in men and women and the adjustment for physical activity or dietary energy intake did not reduce the effect of the FTO polymorphism. Means of BMR per kg of body weight was lowest in GG carriers (20.09, 20.21 for GT and 20.30 for TT, p<0.006) and this effect was more pronounced in females. These results suggest that the effect of the FTO rs17817449 variant on BMI in Caucasian adults is not mediated by energy intake or physical activity, but some effect on BMR per kg of body weight is possible.

• MeSH
• bazální metabolismus genetika   MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• energetický příjem genetika   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny genetika   MeSH
• složení těla genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Czech Republic traditionally ranks among the countries with the highest alcohol, consumption. This paper examines both risk and protective factors for frequent of alcohol, consumption in the Czech population using multilevel analysis. Risk factors were measured at the, individual level and at the area level. The individual-level data were obtained from a survey for a, sample of 3526 respondents aged 18-64 years. The area-level data were obtained from the Czech, Statistical Office. The group most inclinable to risk alcohol consumption and binge drinking are mainly, men, who live as single, with low education and also unemployed. Only the variable for divorce rate, showed statistical significance at both levels, thus the individual and the aggregated one. No cross-level interactions were found to be statistically significant.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   MeSH
• analýza malých oblastí MeSH
• chudé oblasti MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH