Q55979559
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Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
Přeruš. str. : il., tab. ; 31 cm
Projekt zjišťuje u nemocných po transplantaci ledviny asociaci oxidačního stresu, antioxidačních mechanismů s rozvojem funkce štěpu, s typem použité imunosupresivní léčby a s parametry aterosklerózy.; Project evaluates the association of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms with the development of graft functions, type of immunosuppressive therapy and parameters of atherosclerosis in patients after renal transplant
- MeSH
- farmakologické účinky - molekulární mechanismy MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- proteiny chemie MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- rejekce štěpu MeSH
- transplantace ledvin imunologie MeSH
- transplantační imunologie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- nefrologie
- transplantologie
- alergologie a imunologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
130 l. : il. ; 30 cm
Kvalita semene u mužů klesá. Chceme najít nejlepší metody vyšetření semene dle kritérií morfolog., biochem. a imunolog., připravit kvalitní spermie k inseminaci od manžela i od dárců a dosáhnout optimální metody kryokonzervace spermií.
- MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- mužská infertilita diagnóza MeSH
- počet spermií MeSH
- transport spermií MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- reprodukční lékařství
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
Thank you very much for your comment [...].
- MeSH
- beta-alanin * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- karnosin * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The dipeptide carnosine is a physiologically important molecule in the human body, commonly found in skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Beta-alanine is a limiting precursor of carnosine and is among the most used sports supplements for improving athletic performance. However, carnosine, its metabolite N-acetylcarnosine, and the synthetic derivative zinc-L-carnosine have recently been gaining popularity as supplements in human medicine. These molecules have a wide range of effects-principally with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiglycation, anticarbonylation, calcium-regulatory, immunomodulatory and chelating properties. This review discusses results from recent studies focusing on the impact of this supplementation in several areas of human medicine. We queried PubMed, Web of Science, the National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Library, employing a search strategy using database-specific keywords. Evidence showed that the supplementation had a beneficial impact in the prevention of sarcopenia, the preservation of cognitive abilities and the improvement of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the improvement of diabetes mellitus parameters and symptoms of oral mucositis was seen, as well as the regression of esophagitis and taste disorders after chemotherapy, the protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa and the support of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. However, in the areas of senile cataracts, cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia and autistic disorders, the results are inconclusive.
Aging is a complex physiological process that can be accelerated by chemical (high blood glucose levels) or physical (solar exposure) factors. It is accompanied by the accumulation of altered molecules in the human body. The accumulation of oxidatively modified and glycated proteins is associated with inflammation and the progression of chronic diseases (aging). The use of antiglycating agents is one of the recent approaches in the preventive strategy of aging and natural compounds seem to be promising candidates. Our study focused on the anti-aging effect of the flavonoid hesperetin, its glycoside hesperidin and its carbohydrate moieties rutinose and rhamnose on young and physiologically aged normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The anti-aging activity of the test compounds was evaluated by measuring matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory interleukins by ELISA. The modulation of elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase activity by the tested substances was evaluated spectrophotometrically by tube tests. Rutinose and rhamnose inhibited the activity of pure elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase. Hesperidin and hesperetin inhibited elastase and hyaluronidase activity. In skin aging models, MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels were reduced after application of all tested substances. Collagen I production was increased after the application of rhamnose and rutinose.
- MeSH
- hesperidin * farmakologie MeSH
- hyaluronoglukosaminidasa MeSH
- kolagenasy metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatická elastasa MeSH
- rhamnosa * farmakologie MeSH
- stárnutí kůže * účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The ultraviolet (UV) part of solar radiation can permanently affect skin tissue. UVA photons represent the most abundant UV component and stimulate the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage to various biomolecules. Several plant-derived polyphenols are known as effective photoprotective agents. This study evaluated the potential of quercetin (QE) and its structurally related flavonoid taxifolin (TA) to reduce UVA-caused damage to human primary dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) obtained from identical donors. Cells pre-treated with QE or TA (1 h) were then exposed to UVA light using a solar simulator. Both flavonoids effectively prevented oxidative damage, such as ROS generation, glutathione depletion, single-strand breaks formation and caspase-3 activation in NHDF. These protective effects were accompanied by stimulation of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, found in non-irradiated and irradiated NHDF and NHEK, and expression of antioxidant proteins, such as heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and catalase. For most parameters, QE was more potent than TA. On the other hand, TA demonstrated protection within the whole concentration range, while QE lost its protective ability at the highest concentration tested (75 μM), suggesting its pro-oxidative potential. In summary, QE and TA demonstrated UVA-protective properties in NHEK and NHDF obtained from identical donors. However, due to the in vitro phototoxic potential of QE, published elsewhere and discussed herein, further studies are needed to evaluate QE safety in dermatological application for humans as well as to confirm our results on human skin ex vivo and in clinical trials.
- MeSH
- fibroblasty MeSH
- flavonoidy * metabolismus MeSH
- keratinocyty MeSH
- kůže metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- quercetin * analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Excessive exposure of skin to solar radiation is associated with greatly increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) resulting in oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, immunosuppression, the production of matrix metalloproteinase, DNA damage and mutations. These events lead to increased incidence of various skin disorders including photoaing and both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. The ultraviolet (UV) part of sunlight, in particular, is responsible for structural and cellular changes across the different layers of the skin. Among other effects, UV photons stimulate oxidative damage to biomolecules via the generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. In response to oxidative damage, cytoprotective pathways are triggered. One of these is the pathway driven by the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). This transcription factor translocates to the nucleus and drives the expression of numerous genes, among them various detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. Several studies concerning the effects of UV radiation on Nrf2 activation have been published, but different UV wavelengths, skin cells or tissues and incubation periods were used in the experiments that complicate the evaluation of UV radiation effects. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the effects of UVB (280-315 nm) and UVA (315-400 nm) radiation on the Nrf2 signaling pathway in dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes. The effects of natural compounds (pure compounds or mixtures) on Nrf2 activation and level as well as on Nrf2-driven genes in UV irradiated human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes are briefly mentioned as well.HighlightsUVB radiation is a rather poor activator of the Nrf2-driven pathway in fibroblastsUVA radiation stimulates Nrf2 activation in dermal fibroblastsEffects of UVA on the Nrf2 pathway in keratinocytes and melanocytes remain unclearLong-term Nrf2 activation in keratinocytes disturbs their normal differentiationPharmacological activation of Nrf2 in the skin needs to be performed carefully.
- MeSH
- faktor 2 související s NF-E2 metabolismus MeSH
- keratinocyty MeSH
- kůže metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- transkripční faktor GABP MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Karnozin (β-alanyl-L-histidin) je dipeptid, tvořený aminokyselinou β-alaninem a L-histidinem. Karnozin a obě aminokyseliny se vyskytují v mozku a kosterním svalstvu všech obratlovců. Karnozin v buňkách mozkové tkáně chrání intracelulární bílkoviny před jejich poškozením kyslíkovými radikály, glykací a tvorbou příčných vazeb mezi jednotlivými řetězci bílkovin. V kosterním svalstvu karnozin snižuje svalovou únavu způsobenou zvýšenou koncentrací kyseliny mléčné, která vede k poklesu pH. S rostoucím biologickým věkem klesá koncentrace karnozinu jak v buňkách mozkové tkáně, tak v bílých svalových vláknech kosterního svalstva, čímž dochází k zhoršování senzorických a kognitivních funkcí a úbytku svaloviny. Tyto degenerativní procesy lze zpomalit konzumací potravin bohatých na karnozin nebo doplňováním diety β-alaninem. β-alanin určuje rychlost tvorby karnozinu a jeho koncentraci v buňkách mozkové a svalové tkáně. Článek shrnuje současné názory medicíny na roli karnozinu v procesu stárnutí lidského organismu a významu obohacování diety β-alaninem.
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide composed of the amino acid β-alanine and the L-histidine. Carnosine and both amino acids are found in the brain and skeletal muscle of all vertebrates. The physiological function of carnosine in brain tissue is to protect intracellular proteins from damage by oxygen radicals, modification by glycation and formation of cross-links between protein chains. In skeletal muscle, carnosine reduces muscle fatigue caused by increased lactic acid levels and decreased tissue pH. With increasing biological age, carnosine concentration in both brain tissue and white skeletal muscle fibres decreases. There is a loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and deterioration of sensory and cognitive functions. These degenerative processes can be delayed by consuming carnosine-rich foods or diet supplemented with pure β-alanine. This amino acid determines the rate of endogenic carnosine synthesis and thus its concentration in brain and muscle tissues. This article is an overview of the present knowledge on the role of carnosine in the process of aging and the importance of the diet enrichment with β-alanine or carnosine.
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
