Kniha stručně informuje o novém interdisciplinárním oboru, který se začal formovat v polovině 80. let dvacátého století na základě nových poznatků z neurobiologie, imunologie, neuroimunologie, fyziologie, biochemie a molekulární biologie. Předmětem zájmu této monografie je v souladu s aktuálními trendy charakterizovat vzájemné interakce mezi nervovým, imunitním a endokrinním systémem z hlediska obousměrné komunikace jak na úrovni jednotlivých orgánových systémů, tak rovněž na buněčné a molekulární úrovni. Publikace je určena všem zájemcům o tuto multidisciplinární problematiku, včetně pregraduálních i postgraduálních studentů, a zaujme novým a neotřelým pohledem.

• MeSH
• biologické jevy etika   účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• fyziologie buňky MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
• neuroimunomodulace účinky léků   MeSH
• psychoneuroimunologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NLK Obory
• biochemie
• neurovědy
• biochemie

Mimotělní oběh /MTO/ u srdečních operací způsobuje systémovou zánětlivou resekci /SZR/, která poškozuje pacienta. Cílem studie bylo ovlivnit tuto reakci předoperační aferézou /PA/. Bylo zjištěno, že PA signifikantně snižuje SZR po MTO.

• MeSH
• endotoxiny MeSH
• hemoperfuze MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony MeSH
• mimotělní oběh MeSH
• pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zánět prevence a kontrola   etiologie   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony komplikace   MeSH
• mimotělní oběh škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• multiorgánové selhání patologie   MeSH
• plazmaferéza MeSH
• prasata MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• chirurgie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

OBJECTIVES: The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) exacerbates organ dysfunction and increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to reduce SIRS after CPB in a pig model by profoundly decreasing all blood defence factors (complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic and contact systems, leukocytes and thrombocytes) using pre‑operative aphaeresis. METHODS: Thirty-three pigs underwent 3 h of hypothermic CPB with 2 h of cardioplegic arrest, followed by 4 days of observation. One half of the sample underwent prebypass plasma-thrombo-leukocyte aphaeresis with the adjuvant leukofiltration. RESULTS: In the control group, there were classical signs of SIRS (tachycardia, tachypnea and leukocytosis) postoperatively. There was also myocardial ischaemia and the need for inotropic support in 90% of the control animals. Neutrophils showed an increase in superoxide anion production (P < 0.001), and surface neutral protease activity (P < 0.001) and blood endotoxin levels increased (P < 0.01) compared with preoperative levels. In contrast, in the aphaeretic group, there were no classical signs of SIRS; no myocardial ischaemia; minimum neutrophil production of the superoxide anion and protease activity were recorded (P < 0.001); and endotoxin levels were also decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the controls. In the control group, the haemodynamic problems associated with disconnecting from CPB correlated with the histologic findings in the myocardium (leukocyte endothelial adhesion and leukodiapedesis). CONCLUSIONS: Pre‑operative plasma‑thrombo-leukocyte aphaeresis significantly reduces the major symptoms of SIRS and organ dysfunction after 3 h of CPB without adverse effects, such as bleeding and infection, during the postoperative course.

• MeSH
• ischemická choroba srdeční etiologie   MeSH
• kardiopulmonální bypass metody   MeSH
• krevní plazma MeSH
• leukaferéza metody   MeSH
• leukocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• plazmaferéza metody   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• předoperační období MeSH
• separace krevních složek metody   MeSH
• syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• terapeutická hypotermie metody   MeSH
• trombocyty MeSH
• vyvolaná zástava srdce metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

Adenosines, endogenous purine nucleosides, appear in the extracellular space under metabolically stressful conditions associated with ischemia, inflammation, and cell damage. Their activity on innate immunity is prevalently inhibitory and can develop both in infectious and neoplastic diseases. During cancer development, tumor cells that release high concentrations of adenosines can impair the function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and assist tumor growth by neo-angiogenesis. We evaluated the influence of A2 adenosine receptor (A2AR) agonist on cytotoxic-cell response comparing human with other mammalian species (rodents, pigs, goats), both in healthy and in cancer conditions. The A2AR agonist developed dose-dependent inhibition of the cytotoxic activity of immune effector cells in all studied species. However, variability of the response was observed in relation to the species and the target cells that were used. Altogether, our data indicate that the A2AR plays a central role in adenosine-mediated inhibition of immune response to tumors.

• MeSH
• adenosin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   imunologie   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická účinky léků   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hlodavci MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádory imunologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• receptory adenosinové A2 MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Neurochemical studies on the etiopathogenesis of depression are also focusing on the transduction system beyond receptors. Trimeric G-proteins play a crucial role in the transmembrane signalling, signal amplification and intracellular processing. Abnormalities of G-protein levels are observed in subjects with depression, G-protein modulation is considered to play a role in the antidepressant mode of action. METHODS: We studied acute or chronic administration of antidepressants from different pharmacological groups. We used immunochemical estimation (ELISA) of the main types of G-protein alpha subunits from isolated membranes of C6 glioma cells and rat brain tissue. RESULTS: Significant elevation of G alpha q/11 subunits after chronic administration of sertraline and significant reduction of G alpha s subunit levels following both acute and chronic administrations of sertraline were found. In contrast, no significant effects on G alpha subunit levels following acute desipramine and moclobemide administration were observed in vitro. Chronic moclobemide effect in vivo is causing significant elevation of Galpha s and Galpha i1,2 subunit levels. CONCLUSIONS: Results show involvement of antidepressant drugs in the C6 glioma signal transduction cascades modulation in dependence on the antidepressant class. Significant influence in the cAMP system modulation is observed after administration both SSRI and MAOA inhibitors. Astrocytoma cells - C6 glioma cells also can offer a model system of the glia where modulation of cell signalization cascades can influence cell functioning and production of neurotrophic factor molecules relevant to the antidepressant treatment and depression etiopathogenesis.

• MeSH
• antidepresiva metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP - alfa-podjednotky metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

CNS, endocrine and immune systems share the same molecules: neurotransmitters, cytokines and hormones to communicate within and among each other. Depression is associated with abnormalities in the noradrenergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems and reductions in the level of their precursors and metabolic turnover. Most of these signalling molecules use trimeric G-proteins as a transduction system to transfer extracellular signal into cellular response. Altered levels or function of signalling proteins, especially alpha subunits of trimeric G-proteins, were found in post-mortem brain tissue and leukocytes of subject suffering from major depression. There is a considerable evidence that inflammatory response and immune system changes are the part of depression. Components of cellular immune system natural killer cells, important effectors of immune surveillance, are sensitive to stress response, and their functions are compromised in depressive subjects. Many lines of evidence also point to the loss of both neuronal and glial plasticity and neurotrophic factor support under chronic stress or in depression. There is an increasing knowledge of the role of astrocytic cells in neuroplastic processes and neurotransmitter metabolism. Alterations in the glial populations are observed in major depressive subjects. Antidepressant treatment is modulating glial signalization cascades, increasing production of neurotrophic molecules, supporting neuroplasticity processes, and also modulating functions of natural killers. At the level of membrane signalling, antidepressants show a direct influence upon G alpha subunit levels in both immune system and CNS. These findings support the view that antidepressants influence activity of natural killer and astrocytic populations, and this could be of importance in the depression etiopathogenesis and/or treatment.

• MeSH
• antidepresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• buňky NK imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• centrální nervový systém cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuroglie imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• signální transdukce imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH