Quantitative methods in human pharmacology and therapeutics*
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253 s.
... Dequeker 102 -- Pharmacologic stress echocardiography: a new, effective and inexpensive method for non-invasive ... ... Hildebrand 148 -- Quantitative methods and texture analysis in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -tissue ... ... New therapeutic approaches, E. ... ... Wald \'.341 -- Tumour cell heterogeneity and its implication for therapeutic modalities studies in human ... ... Lehrach 682 -- A new method for the construction of a high resolution map of the whole human genome, ...
Biomedical and health research, ISSN 0929-6743 vol. 9
xxxix, 744 s. ; 24 cm
... Amdisen, Quantitative determination of lithium in urine 67 -- K. ... ... White, Correlation between pharmacology and clinic 167 -- B. ... ... Konzett, Human pharmacology in normal subjects 185 -- M. H. ... ... Lader, Pharmacology of anxiolytic drugs in patients 191 -- T. M. ... ... Pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of -- AMPHETAMINE AND HALLUCINOGEN ABUSE -- J. Griffith, J. ...
572 s. : il.
Drug repurposing or repositioning is an important part of drug discovery that has been growing in the last few years for the development of therapeutic options in oncology. We applied this paradigm in a screening of a library of about 3,800 compounds (including FDA-approved drugs and pharmacologically active compounds) employing a model of metastatic pheochromocytoma, the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children and adults. The collection of approved drugs was screened in quantitative mode, testing the compounds in compound-titration series (dose-response curves). Analysis of the dose-response screening data facilitated the selection of 50 molecules with potential bioactivity in pheochromocytoma cells. These drugs were classified based on molecular/cellular targets and signaling pathways affected, and selected drugs were further validated in a proliferation assay and by flow cytometric cell death analysis. Using meta-analysis information from molecular targets of the top drugs identified by our screening with gene expression data from human and murine microarrays, we identified potential drugs to be used as single drugs or in combination. An example of a combination with a synergistic effect is presented. Our study exemplifies a promising model to identify potential drugs from a group of clinically approved compounds that can more rapidly be implemented into clinical trials in patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- feochromocytom farmakoterapie genetika sekundární MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádory nadledvin farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- objevování léků * MeSH
- paragangliom farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- přehodnocení terapeutických indikací léčivého přípravku * MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protinádorové látky farmakologie MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- rychlé screeningové testy * MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- western blotting MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
... court 53 -- Mental health and capacity laws including their administering bodies -- Preamble 56 -- Human ... ... Genetic influences on antisocial behaviour, problem substance use and schizophrenia: evidence from quantitative ... ... genetic and molecular geneic studies -- Introduction 186 -- Basic genetics 186 -- Genetic study methods ... ... together Conclusions -- Principles of treatment for the mentally disordered offender -- Creating a therapeutic ... ... setting -- Occupational, speech and language, creative and arts therapies in secure settings -- Pharmacological ...
2nd edition xliv, 991 s. : il. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- právní vědy MeSH
- psychiatrie zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- soudní psychiatrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- právo, zákonodárství
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
- učebnice vysokých škol
... Molecular Methods in Cancer -- Larissa V. Purtado, lay L. Hess, and Bryan L. ... ... and Chemical Carcinogenesis 90 Molecular Epidemiolog)\', Chemical Carcinogenesis, and Cancer Risk in Human ... ... Populations 91 Aristolochie Acid and Urothelial Cancers as a Model for Identifying Human Carcinogens ... ... Epidemiologic Methods 120 -- Xiaomei Ma and Herbert Yu -- Introduction 120 Analytical Studies 120 -- ... ... -- Therapeutic Uses 194 Toxicities 195 -- Complications with I ligh-Dose Alkylating Agent Therapy 196 ...
10th edition xlv, 2234 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody trendy MeSH
- management bolesti MeSH
- management nemoci MeSH
- nádory diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- onkologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
BACKGROUND: Changes in metabolism have been suggested to contribute to the aberrant phenotype of vascular wall cells, including fibroblasts, in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we test the hypothesis that metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis is a critical adaptation of fibroblasts in the hypertensive vessel wall that drives proliferative and proinflammatory activation through a mechanism involving increased activity of the NADH-sensitive transcriptional corepressor C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1). METHODS: RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction,(13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence-lifetime imaging, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and tracing experiments with U-(13)C-glucose were used to assess glycolytic reprogramming and to measure the NADH/NAD(+) ratio in bovine and human adventitial fibroblasts and mouse lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CtBP1 expression in the whole-lung tissues. CtBP1 siRNA and the pharmacological inhibitor 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB) were used to abrogate CtBP1 activity in cells and hypoxic mice. RESULTS: We found that adventitial fibroblasts from calves with severe hypoxia-induced PH and humans with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH-Fibs) displayed aerobic glycolysis when cultured under normoxia, accompanied by increased free NADH and NADH/NAD(+) ratios. Expression of the NADH sensor CtBP1 was increased in vivo and in vitro in fibroblasts within the pulmonary adventitia of humans with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and animals with PH and cultured PH-Fibs, respectively. Decreasing NADH pharmacologically with MTOB or genetically blocking CtBP1 with siRNA upregulated the cyclin-dependent genes (p15 and p21) and proapoptotic regulators (NOXA and PERP), attenuated proliferation, corrected the glycolytic reprogramming phenotype of PH-Fibs, and augmented transcription of the anti-inflammatory gene HMOX1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that CtBP1 directly binds the HMOX1 promoter. Treatment of hypoxic mice with MTOB decreased glycolysis and expression of inflammatory genes, attenuated proliferation, and suppressed macrophage numbers and remodeling in the distal pulmonary vasculature. CONCLUSIONS: CtBP1 is a critical factor linking changes in cell metabolism to cell phenotype in hypoxic and other forms of PH and a therapeutic target.
- MeSH
- adventicie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- alkoholoxidoreduktasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- familiární plicní arteriální hypertenze genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fibroblasty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plicní hypertenze metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The extent to which tryptophan (Trp) metabolism alterations explain or influence the outcome of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) is still unclear. However, several Trp metabolism end-products are essential to intestinal homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of metabolites from the kynurenine pathway. DESIGN: Targeted quantitative metabolomics was performed in two large human IBD cohorts (1069 patients with IBD). Dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis experiments in mice were used to evaluate effects of identified metabolites. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments were used to decipher mechanisms involved. Effects on energy metabolism were evaluated by different methods including Single Cell mEtabolism by profiling Translation inHibition. RESULTS: In mice and humans, intestinal inflammation severity negatively correlates with the amount of xanthurenic (XANA) and kynurenic (KYNA) acids. Supplementation with XANA or KYNA decreases colitis severity through effects on intestinal epithelial cells and T cells, involving Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) activation and the rewiring of cellular energy metabolism. Furthermore, direct modulation of the endogenous tryptophan metabolism, using the recombinant enzyme aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT), responsible for the generation of XANA and KYNA, was protective in rodent colitis models. CONCLUSION: Our study identified a new mechanism linking Trp metabolism to intestinal inflammation and IBD. Bringing back XANA and KYNA has protective effects involving AhR and the rewiring of the energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and CD4+ T cells. This study paves the way for new therapeutic strategies aiming at pharmacologically correcting its alterations in IBD by manipulating the endogenous metabolic pathway with AADAT.
- MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie MeSH
- kolitida * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- střeva MeSH
- tryptofan metabolismus MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... Jürgen Sandkühler, and Rolf-Detlef Treede -- PartV: Pharmacological Approaches -- 36. ... ... Predictive Validity of Neuropathic Pain Models in Pharmacological Studies with a Behavioral Outcome in ... ... Michel Human, and Michel Pohl -- 397 -- 407 -- 419 -- 437 -- 469 -- 481 -- 489 -- 499 -- 513 -- 521 - ... ... Anna Regaard. and Nina Herrington -- Part VIII: Pain Assessment: Quantitative and Qualitative -- 49. ... ... Quantitative Sensory Testing in Clinical Practice: Clinical Considerations and New Methods -- Richard ...
Progress in pain research and management ; vol. 24
[1st ed.] xx, 937 s. : il., tab. ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- analgezie MeSH
- bolest diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- anesteziologie a intenzivní lékařství
Farmakoterapie schizofrenie zasahovala v průběhu uplynulých 60 let různé cíle. Původně jako antihistaminikum syntetizovaný chlorpromazin se v psychiatrii uvedl díky schopnosti utlumit a tak nespecificky zklidnit pacienta s psychózou. Trvalo 40 let, než s tlumivým účinkem spojený název neuroleptika pro léky na odstranění psychotických příznaků začal ustupovat názvu antipsychotika. Pro jistotu, s jakou psychofarmaka používáme, je užitečný střízlivý pohled na změny v chápání indikace a mechanizmu účinku antipsychotik. Koncept schizofrenie prodělal řadu změn. Stal se užším a méně populárním pojmem, než byl v době zavedení neuroleptik. Do změny cílů farmakoterapie schizofrenie přispěl i posun v sociálním kontextu léčby – větší respekt k lidské individualitě s sebou přinesl ohled na subjektivní prožívání léčby a vztah k farmaku, na spolupráci nemocného pacienta. Hodnotí se více úspěšnost (effectiveness) než účinnost (efficacy) antipsychotika. Ta se zjišťuje spíše ve velkých pragmatických studiích jako CATIE nebo EUFEST než v metodicky přísných srovnáních dvou psychofarmak. Mění se i názor na to, co představuje hlavní výsledek farmakoterapie schizofrenie – místo tlumení neklidu požadujeme od farmakoterapie schizofrenie účinek na kognitivní příznaky a negativní symptomy, které v minulosti svědčily spíše pro bezprostřední efekt neuroleptika. Poznatky o mechanizmu účinku neuroleptik významně přispěly k pochopení biochemických korelátů schizofrenního onemocnění, ale jak neuroleptika, tak antipsychotika se v klinice používají při léčbě řady dalších diagnóz, u kterých je patogenetická podobnost se schizofrenií sporná. V minulém roce se také poprvé ukázalo, že interakce s dopaminovým receptorem není podmínkou antipsychotického účinku. To podpořilo představu, že schizofrenie nemusí nezbytně souviset především s dopaminergním mechanizmem kontroly významu podnětů. Léčba schizofrenie a její postupy jsou měnlivé procesy, a to někdy může zakrýt pozitivní změnu, kterou do léčby psychóz přinesly a která přes pohyblivost cíle přetrvává přes probíhající změny.
In the course of the last 60 years, pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia focused on varying targets. Chlorpromazine, originally an antihistaminic compound, found its main use in psychiatry because of its sedative properties. Non - specific sedation reduced the agitation of psychotic patients. It took forty years before the sedation related term „neuroleptics“ for drugs that treat psychosis, has been replaced by the more appropriate term „antipsychotics“. The confidence with which we are using antipsychotics may be well served by a sobering review of changes in the indications of these drugs and changes of the knowledge on their mechanism of action. The concept of schizophrenia itself has changed considerably. Today, it is a less popular concept with a narrower meaning, than it used to be at the time of the introduction of neuroleptics. The change in the social context of treatment also influenced targeting of pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia growing respect for human individuality meant greater attention to patient´s subjective experience, his compliance with treatment and to his attitude to medication. Effectivness replaced efficacy as an outcome measure in trials of antipsychotic drugs. Large scale pragmatic trials like CATIE or EUFEST provide for measurement of the effectivness better than methodically correct head to head trials of antipsychotics. The increasing knowledge on the mechanism of action in neuroleptics significantly helped to elucidate the biological underpinnings of schizophrenic psychosis. On the other hand, neuroleptics as well as new antipsychotics have been also used in the treatment of disorders, that only hardly have any pathogenic links with schizophrenia. Also, the expectation of the main effects of pharmacotherapy in psychosis has changed: instead of an effect on agitation, we expect an effect on cognitive and negative symptoms. In the past, negative symptoms were often thought of as necessary correlates of the neuroleptic action in psychosis. Recently, it has been also reported, that the interaction of a drug with the dopamine receptor is not a necessary condition for an antipsychotic effect. This supports the idea that schizophrenia need not necessarily be associated with the dopamine mediated control of stimuli´s salience. Treatment of schizophrenia and corresponding rules vary over time, which may mask the lasting positive changes in the therapeutic approach to psychosis.
- Klíčová slova
- ziprasidon, quetiapin, EUFEST, CATIE,
- MeSH
- amisulprid MeSH
- antipsychotika farmakologie MeSH
- benzodiazepiny farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- dibenzothiazepiny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- dopamin fyziologie MeSH
- haloperidol farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- olanzapin MeSH
- perfenazin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- piperaziny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- risperidon farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- schizofrenie farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- sulpirid analogy a deriváty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- thiazoly farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH