Quaternary
Dotaz
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Quaternary ammonium salts (QUATs) are compounds with wide use in organic synthesis, pharmacy or other fields of industry. Thanks to their specific physical and chemical properties resulting from their amphiphilic character they are already used as phase-transfer catalysts, ionic liquids, dyes, antimicrobial agents and disinfectants, antiarrhythmics, bronchodilators etc. There is still an effort to prepare new active compounds. Several organosynthetic methods are used to prepare QUATs: probably the best way is the Menshutkin reaction. Recently, also a microwave synthesis was introduced to prepare QUATs bringing better yields, shorter reaction times and a possibility of solvent-free reactions.
Quaternary ammonium compounds, referred to as QACs, are cationic substances with a structure on the edge of organic and inorganic chemistry and unique physicochemical properties. The purpose of the present work is to introduce QACs and their wide application potential. Fundamental properties, methods of preparation, and utilization in organic synthesis are reviewed. Modern applications and the use of QACs as reactive substrates, reagents, phase-transfer catalysts, ionic liquids, electrolytes, frameworks, surfactants, herbicides, and antimicrobials are further covered. A brief discussion of the health and environmental impact of QACs is also provided. The emphasis is largely on tetraalkylammonium compounds bearing linear alkyl chains.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- herbicidy chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy farmakologie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky záření MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- fenantridiny farmakologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- isochinoliny farmakologie chemie toxicita MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
