• MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému MeSH
• neurochirurgie MeSH

• NLK Obory
• neurologie

• MeSH
• klinické lékařství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• lékařství

The aim of our report is to present current knowledge of skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) focused on the maxilla and changes in its position and orientation in space (shifts and rotation). We strive to provide a complex review of conclusions of the studies available in scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase. During RME palatine suture opens and both halves of the maxilla separate from each other more anteriorly than posteriorly. The maxillary centre of rotation in the horizontal plane is in the area of pterygoid processes. From the frontal view the separation of the maxilla halves has a shape of a triangle with a base running caudally, and an apex in the area of nasal bones; both parts of the maxilla rotate also transversally. When discussing sagittal and vertical changes, some authors report the movement of the maxilla forward and down, others proved also backward movement, or they reject vertical changes in the position or the maxilla movement. A number of studies confirmed posteriorotation of the palatal plane and the whole maxilla. The results of the works published are often significantly different. The problem of the effect of RME on the maxilla skeleton is not clear-cut and simple.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maxila * diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• techniky palatinální expanze * metody   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The human gut microbiome is attracting increasing attention because of its overall effect on health. Several reviews have investigated the impact of physical activity on the gut microbiome; however, these predominantly concentrate on either endurance or a combination of physical activities. This study aims to describe the effect of resistance or strength training on the gut microbiome of a human population. This rapid review follows the guidelines of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Guidance along with PRISMA. A review of the literature was carried out using articles indexed by PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science published in the last 12 years. None of the seven studies included find significant change in the gut microbiome in terms of bacterial taxa composition or overall diversity, though the results show that resistance training might decrease the zonulin level and increase mucin production and thereby reduce inflammation in the gut. Interestingly, two studies point to a gut-muscle axis connection and this is discussed in our paper. However, due to the small number of existing studies and certain methodological disagreements, it was hard to find a consensus on the relationship between the gut microbiome and resistance training.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A plethora of biomaterials for heart repair are being tested worldwide for potential clinical application. These therapeutics aim to enhance the quality of life of patients with heart disease using various methods to improve cardiac function. Despite the myriad of therapeutics tested, only a minority of these studied biomaterials have entered clinical trials. This rapid scoping review aims to analyze literature available from 2012 to 2022 with a focus on clinical trials using biomaterials for direct cardiac repair, i.e., where the intended function of the biomaterial is to enhance the repair of the endocardium, myocardium, epicardium or pericardium. This review included neither biomaterials related to stents and valve repair nor biomaterials serving as vehicles for the delivery of drugs. Surprisingly, the literature search revealed that only 8 different biomaterials mentioned in 23 different studies out of 7038 documents (journal articles, conference abstracts or clinical trial entries) have been tested in clinical trials since 2012. All of these, intended to treat various forms of ischaemic heart disease (heart failure, myocardial infarction), were of natural origin and most used direct injections as their delivery method. This review thus reveals notable gaps between groups of biomaterials tested pre-clinically and clinically. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Rapid scoping review of clinical application of biomaterials for cardiac repair. 7038 documents screened; 23 studies mention 8 different biomaterials only. Biomaterials for repair of endocardium, myocardium, epicardium or pericardium. Only 8 different biomaterials entered clinical trials in the past 10 years. All of the clinically translated biomaterials were of natural origin.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály * chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: "Medical tourism" has gained popularity over the past few decades. This is particularly common with patients seeking elective cosmetic surgery in the developing world. However, the risk of severe and unusual infectious complications appears to be higher than for patients undergoing similar procedures in the United States. OBJECTIVES: The authors describe their experience with atypical mycobacterial infections in cosmetic surgical patients returning to the United States postoperatively. METHODS: A review of patient medical records presenting with infectious complications after cosmetic surgery between January 2010 and July 2015 was performed. Patients presenting with mycobacterial infections following cosmetic surgery were reviewed in detail. An extensive literature review was performed for rapid-growing mycobacteria (RGM) related to cosmetic procedures. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and July 2015, three patients presented to our institution with culture-proven Mycobacterium abscessus at the sites of recent cosmetic surgery. All had surgery performed in the developing world. The mean age of these patients was 36 years (range, 29-44 years). There was a delay of up to 16 weeks between the initial presentation and correct diagnosis. All patients were treated with surgical drainage and combination antibiotics with complete resolution. CONCLUSIONS: We present series of patients with mycobacterial infections after cosmetic surgery in the developing world. This may be related to the endemic nature of these bacteria and/or inadequate sterilization or sterile technique. Due to low domestic incidence of these infections, diagnosis may be difficult and/or delayed. Consulting physicians should have a low threshold to consider atypical etiologies in such scenarios. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 Therapeutic.

Electron microscopy (EM) allows fast visualization of viruses in a wide range of clinical specimens. Viruses are grouped into families based on their morphology. Viruses from various families look distinctly and these morphological variances are the basis for identification of viruses by EM. The identification to the family level is often sufficient for the clinician or recognition of an unknown infectious agent. Diagnostic EM has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. After a simple and fast negative staining, EM allows fast morphological identification and differential diagnosis of infectious agents contained in the specimen without the need for special considerations and/or reagents. Nevertheless, EM has the disadvantage of being unsuitable as a screening method.

• MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• virologie metody   MeSH
• virové nemoci diagnóza   virologie   MeSH
• viry izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of this study was to rapidly review the literature on the prevalence of menstrual disorders in female athletes from different sports modalities. Articles were searched in the Web of Science and PubMed database in May 2022. A total of 1309 records were identified, and 48 studies were included in the final stage. The menstrual disorders described in the included studies were primary (in 33% of included studies) and secondary amenorrhea (in 73% of included studies) and oligomenorrhea (in 69% of included studies). The prevalence of menstrual disorders among the studies ranged from 0 to 61%. When data were pooled according to discipline (mean calculation), the highest prevalence of primary amenorrhea was found in rhythmic gymnastics (25%), soccer (20%) and swimming (19%); for secondary amenorrhea in cycling (56%), triathlon (40%) and rhythmic gymnastics (31%); and oligomenorrhea in boxing (55%), rhythmic gymnastics (44%) and artistic gymnastics (32%). Based on the results of this review, the study supports the literature of the higher prevalence of menstrual disorders in gymnastics and endurance disciplines. However, team sports modalities such as volleyball and soccer also presented a considerable percentage of menstrual disorders compared to the general population. It reinforces the importance of coaches and physicians paying attention to athletes' menstrual cycle as the occurrence of menstrual disorders can be associated with impairment on some health components.

• MeSH
• amenorea * epidemiologie   MeSH
• gymnastika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menstruační cyklus MeSH
• menstruační poruchy epidemiologie   MeSH
• oligomenorea * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sportovci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

VÝCHODISKA: Cílem projektu EK DPIP (NPSinEurope.eu) je přispět k inovativním a efektivním intervencím v oblasti podpor/ zdraví ve vztahu k aktuálnímu fenoménu užívání nových psychoaktivních látek (NPL) u problémových uživatelů drog (PUD). Celkem v pěti různých zemích jsme provedli studii užívání NPL za využití metodiky rapid assessment and response (RAR), jejímž cílem bylo shromáždit relevantní podklady pro realizaci těchto nových intervencí CÍLE: Identifikovat a zdokumentovat nový fenomén užívání NPL mezi PUD v pěti členských státech EU a zmapovat rozvoj opatření, jimiž se tyto země snaží reagovat na vzniklou situaci. METODY: Přezkum dostupné dokumentace o situaci v oblasti NPL na úrovni jednotlivých států, bleskový internetový průzkum dostupnosti NPL na internetových i tradičních drogových trzích a ohniskové skupiny s hlavními aktéry. VÝSLEDKY: K popularitě NPL přispěly tzv. „smart shopy, v ČR známé jako „Amsterdam shopy", které však byly v reakci na legislativní opatření většinou zavřeny nebo musely radikálně omezit svůj sortiment. Množství nejrůznějších NPL je k dispozici prostřednictvím specializovalých internetových stránek nebo v rámci tradičních struktur nientovaných na prodej drog. Injekční užívání mefedronu, MDPV nebo jiných syntetických stimulancií mezi PUD, byť různé míře, hlásí Česká republika, Polsko a Rumunsko. I Portugalsku a Řecku není užívání NPL mezi PUD tolik ozšířeno. V Řecku byl u PUD zaznamenán příklon ke kouření metamfetaminu. ZÁVĚRY: Mezi populacemi PUD se rozmáhá užívání syntetických stimulancií Trendy v oblasti užírání nových drog jsou stále méně předvídatelné. Odvíjejí se od nabídky jednotlivých látek (jak prostřednictvím tradičních distribučních kanálů, tak internetových prodejních portálů), jejich legálnosti/legislativních opatření, místních preferencí, dostupnosti tradičních látek a množství externích faktorů.

BACKGROUND. The EC-DPIP NPSinEurope.eu project contributes to innovative and effective health promotion interventions targeting the emerging use of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) among people who use drugs heavily (PUDH). In five countries, we conducted a rapid assessment and response (RAR) study of NPS use, aimed at informing these emerging interventions. AIMS: To identify and doucument the emergent use of NPS among PUDH in five EU member states and map the developing response in these countries. METHODS: Desk review of the national NPS situation, an Internet Snapshot of NPS availability key stakeholders. RESULTS: Smart shops boosted the popularity of NPS, but after legislative action most were closed or severely restricted their assortment. A variety of NPS are available via websites and traditional drug-dealing structures. The injecting of mephedrone, MDPV, or other synthetic stimulants among PUDH is reported in the Czech Republic, Poland, and Romania, to varying degrees. In Portugal and Greece, NPS are less prevalent among PUDH. Greek PUDH have turned to smoking methamphetamine. CONCLUSIONS: Synthetic stimulants are increasingly diffusing into PUDH populations. Emerging drug trends are increasingly unpredictable, subject to (offline/online) availability, legal status/action, local preferences, access to traditional substances and a range of environmental variables.

• MeSH
• centra pro terapii drogových závislostí metody   MeSH
• chování při shánění drogy MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• psychotropní léky * aplikace a dávkování   chemická syntéza   toxicita   MeSH
• zakázané drogy toxicita   MeSH
• zákonodárství lékové MeSH
• zneužívání léků na předpis prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: During the first epidemic wave, COVID-19 surveillance focused on quantifying the magnitude and the escalation of a growing global health crisis. The scientific community first assessed risk through basic indicators, such as the number of cases or rates of new cases and deaths, and later began using other direct impact indicators to conduct more detailed analyses. We aimed at synthesizing the scientific community's contribution to assessing the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health through indicators reported in research papers. METHODS: We conducted a rapid scoping review to identify and describe health indicators included in articles published between January 2020 and June 2021, using one strategy to search PubMed, EMBASE and WHO COVID-19 databases. Sixteen experts from European public health institutions screened papers and retrieved indicator characteristics. We also asked in an online survey how the health indicators were added to and used in policy documents in Europe. RESULTS: After reviewing 3891 records, we selected a final sample of 67 articles and 233 indicators. We identified 52 (22.3%) morbidity indicators from 33 articles, 105 severity indicators (45.1%, 27 articles) and 68 mortality indicators (29.2%, 51). Respondents from 22 countries completed 31 questionnaires, and the majority reported morbidity indicators (29, 93.5%), followed by mortality indicators (26, 83.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The indicators collated here might be useful to assess the impact of future pandemics. Therefore, their measurement should be standardized to allow for comparisons between settings, countries and different populations.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * mortalita   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidita MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH