• Klíčová slova
• ROUNDUP FORTE,
• MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• půda MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review recent advances in the treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) with emphasis on new biological agents and on some less commonly used immunosuppressive drugs. RECENT FINDINGS: Double-blinded comparison of oral high-dose pulse dexamethasone with standard high daily prednisolone doses showed similar efficacy in the composite score, significantly longer median time to relapse with prednisolone and fewer side effects with dexamethasone treatment. Use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in IIMs is associated with variable results; however, recent retrospective evaluation of IVIGs administration to steroid-resistant patients with esophageal involvement showed good effect. Whereas smaller open studies with rituximab reported a very good efficacy, even in notoriously difficult-to-treat anti-signal recognition particle-positive cases, the double-blind trial has not reached the primary endpoint. Studies with TNF neutralization are reporting results ranging from only a modest or no effect to a promising outcome in the most recent trial with etanercept. Pilot studies suggest efficacy of alemtuzumab in inclusion body myositis and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. SUMMARY: Unmet need for efficacious therapy in IIMs exists and therefore a coordinated effort is necessary to properly evaluate various new classical and biological agents.

• MeSH
• antagonista receptoru pro interleukin 1 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dermatomyozitida terapie   MeSH
• glukokortikoidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myozitida terapie   MeSH
• myší monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• protilátky nádorové terapeutické užití   MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• novinové články MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

Glyphosate-based herbicides are the world's most consumed agrochemicals, and they are commonly used in various agroecosystems, including forests, as well as in urban zones and gardens. These herbicides are sold as formulations containing adjuvants. Other tank-mixing adjuvants (most often surfactants) are commonly added to these formulations prior to application. According to the manufacturers of agrochemicals, such tank mixes (as these are known in agronomic and horticultural practice) have modified properties and perform better than do the herbicides as used alone. The effects of these tank mixes on the environment and on beneficial arthropods are almost unknown. Therefore, we studied whether a herbicide formulation mixed with adjuvant has modified effects on one of the most common genera of ground-dwelling wolf spiders vis-à-vis the herbicide formulation and adjuvants themselves. Specifically, we studied the synergistic effect in the laboratory on the predatory activity (represented by the number of killed flies) of wolf spiders in the genus Pardosa after direct treatment using the glyphosate-based herbicide formulation Roundup klasik Pro®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Wetcit®, Roundup klasik Pro® in a mixture with the surfactant Agrovital®, and the surfactants alone. We found that pure surfactants as well as herbicide-and-surfactants tank mixes significantly decrease the predatory activity of Pardosa spiders in the short term even as Roundup klasik Pro® did not itself have any such effect. Our results support the hypothesis that plant protection tank mixes may have modified effect on beneficial arthropods as compared to herbicide formulations alone. Therefore, testing of pesticide tank mixes is highly important, because it is these tank mixes that are actually applied to the environment.

• MeSH
• agrochemikálie toxicita   MeSH
• členovci účinky léků   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• pavouci účinky léků   MeSH
• pesticidy farmakologie   MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky toxicita   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Excel,
• MeSH
• počítačové metodologie MeSH
• software MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Programové vybavení. Programové prostředky
• NLK Obory
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie

Článek popisuje balanční terapii, její principy a indikace. Zabývá se domácí rehabilitací, výhodami a nevýhodami jak terapeutickými a psychickými, tak i technickými a ekonomickými. Hlavním cílem je podat přehled dostupných technických zařízení umožňujících terapii na principu biofeedbacku. Ten sumarizuje terapii pomocí přidaných senzorických podnětů, poskytuje kontrolu cvičení a motivaci. Zařízení se liší podle počtu senzorických vjemů, ale také technické a uživatelské obtížnosti a cenové náročnosti. Popisována jsou zařízení vytvořená k čistě lékařským účelům, ale také i volně dostupná, na principu her využívajících virtuální realitu.

This article describes benefits and indications of balance therapy. It presents home-based rehabilitation and discusses both its advantages and disadvantages, seen in the perspective of possibilities and limitations of the method, psychology, technic and cost effectiveness. The primary goal is to provide the roundup of available therapeutic devices that use principles of biofeedback. The biofeedback enhances the therapy thanks to the addition of several sensoric stimuli, thus providing better control of the training and improving motivation. There is a wide variety of therapeutic devices and their distinguishing criteria are the number of the sensoric stimuli, user friendliness, level of the applied technology and the price. The article deals equally with the medical devices for health care professionals and the over-the-counter devices, such as those using virtual reality games.

• Klíčová slova
• biofeedback, balanční výcvik, posturální korekce, domácí rehabilitace,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postura těla MeSH
• posturální rovnováha MeSH
• rehabilitace * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Although glyphosate is widely used for weed pest control, it might have negative side effects on natural enemies. Wolf spiders are one of the most representative predators found on soybean crops in Uruguay, preying on a wide variety of potential pests. However, the sublethal effects that pesticides might have on this group have been poorly explored for South American species. Herein, we explored the sublethal effects of glyphosate on the functional response of the wolf spider Hogna cf. bivittata against three potential pest insects, namely ant (Acromyrmex sp.), caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), and cricket (Miogryllus sp.). We contaminated residually adult females of the species Hogna cf. bivittata with glyphosate (Roundup®) and compared their functional response against non-contaminated spiders. We did not observe any mortality during the study. We found that overall Hogna cf. bivittata showed a functional response type II against crickets and caterpillars but no functional response to ants. Contaminated spiders killed less ants and caterpillars in comparison to the control group, probably as a consequence of the irritating effects of glyphosate. We did not observe differences in functional response to crickets at the evaluated densities, probably as a consequence of the low capture rate against this prey. Although glyphosate does not specifically target spiders, it might have negative sublethal effects on native predators such as Hogna cf. bivittata. Further studies should explore effect of glyphosate on other native predators from South American crops.

• MeSH
• Formicidae MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• Gryllidae MeSH
• můry MeSH
• pavouci účinky léků   MeSH
• pesticidy toxicita   MeSH
• predátorské chování účinky léků   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Uruguay MeSH

In order to develop an understanding of the role of adjuvants in a popular glyphosate-based herbicide - Roundup® Concentrate Plus (RCP), on non-target organisms, the effects of pure glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine], RCP and a non-ionic surfactant - polyethoxylated tallowamine (POEA) were studied in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP (15 μg/mL) and POEA (45 μg/mL) reduced (p < 0.001) lifespan of female flies compared to untreated controls or glyphosate (100 μg/mL). Negative geotaxis responses in female flies were reduced (p < 0.05) following acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not significantly affect this response compared to untreated flies. Acute exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA elevated (p < 0.05) protein carbonyl levels while markedly (p < 0.01) inhibiting carbonyl reductase activity whereas glyphosate treatment did not significantly affect protein carbonyl levels or carbonyl reductase activity. Fecundity was reduced (p < 0.05) following exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA whereas glyphosate did not affect fecundity. In vitro treatment of ovarian stem sheath (OSS) cells with sub-lethal concentrations of RCP and POEA revealed decreased cell viability and enhanced caspase activity indicative of pro-apoptotic processes after 48 h compared to untreated controls. Glyphosate however was non-toxic at the concentration used. The results suggest that RCP and the surfactant POEA are more toxic than pure glyphosate and inhibit fecundity in Drosophila by impairing cell viability through enhanced apoptosis.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia farmaceutická toxicita   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• dlouhověkost účinky léků   MeSH
• Drosophila melanogaster účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• fertilita účinky léků   MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   toxicita   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly toxicita   MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Příručka se zaměřuje na únavu a nedostatek energie a jejich příčiny a na zdravý životní styl a zdravou stravu. Určeno široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• fyziologie MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• únava etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH
• zdravý životní styl MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• preventivní medicína
• zdravotní výchova

Autor, vystudovaný lékař, srozumitelně vysvětluje, jak lektiny přispívají ke zhoršování zdravotního stavu a proč zejména průmyslové zpracování zemědělských produktů stojí za tím, že se mnohé potraviny staly spíše škodlivými než prospěšnými. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno

• MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• jídelníček MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• zdravá strava škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kuchařské knihy MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Kuchařství. Potraviny. Vařená jídla
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa