PURPOSE: A re-transurethral resection of the bladder (re-TURB) is a well-established approach in managing non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for various reasons: repeat-TURB is recommended for a macroscopically incomplete initial resection, restaging-TURB is required if the first resection was macroscopically complete but contained no detrusor muscle (DM) and second-TURB is advised for all completely resected T1-tumors with DM in the resection specimen. This study assessed the long-term outcomes after repeat-, second-, and restaging-TURB in T1-NMIBC patients. METHODS: Individual patient data with tumor characteristics of 1660 primary T1-patients (muscle-invasion at re-TURB omitted) diagnosed from 1990 to 2018 in 17 hospitals were analyzed. Time to recurrence, progression, death due to bladder cancer (BC), and all causes (OS) were visualized with cumulative incidence functions and analyzed by log-rank tests and multivariable Cox-regression models stratified by institution. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 45.3 (IQR 22.7-81.1) months. There were no differences in time to recurrence, progression, or OS between patients undergoing restaging (135 patients), second (644 patients), or repeat-TURB (84 patients), nor between patients who did or who did not undergo second or restaging-TURB. However, patients who underwent repeat-TURB had a shorter time to BC death compared to those who had second- or restaging-TURB (multivariable HR 3.58, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Prognosis did not significantly differ between patients who underwent restaging- or second-TURB. However, a worse prognosis in terms of death due to bladder cancer was found in patients who underwent repeat-TURB compared to second-TURB and restaging-TURB, highlighting the importance of separately evaluating different indications for re-TURB.

• MeSH
• cystektomie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močový měchýř chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře neinvadující svalovinu * MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• urologické chirurgické výkony MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

CONTEXT: The European Association of Urology (EAU) has released an updated version of the guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). OBJECTIVE: To present the 2021 EAU guidelines on NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the NMIBC guidelines since the 2020 version was performed. Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries. Previous guidelines were updated, and the level of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Tumours staged as Ta, T1 and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped under the heading of NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histological evaluation of tissue obtained via transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) for papillary tumours or via multiple bladder biopsies for CIS. For papillary lesions, a complete TURB is essential for the patient's prognosis and correct diagnosis. In cases for which the initial resection is incomplete, there is no muscle in the specimen, or a T1 tumour is detected, a second TURB should be performed within 2-6 wk. The risk of progression may be estimated for individual patients using the 2021 EAU scoring model. On the basis of their individual risk of progression, patients are stratified as having low, intermediate, high, or very high risk, which is pivotal to recommending adjuvant treatment. For patients with tumours presumed to be at low risk and for small papillary recurrences detected more than 1 yr after a previous TURB, one immediate chemotherapy instillation is recommended. Patients with an intermediate-risk tumour should receive 1 yr of full-dose intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy or instillations of chemotherapy for a maximum of 1 yr. For patients with high-risk tumours, full-dose intravesical BCG for 1-3 yr is indicated. For patients at very high risk of tumour progression, immediate radical cystectomy should be considered. Cystectomy is also recommended for BCG-unresponsive tumours. The extended version of the guidelines is available on the EAU website at https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/. CONCLUSIONS: These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: The European Association of Urology has released updated guidelines on the classification, risk factors, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The recommendations are based on the literature up to 2020, with emphasis on the highest level of evidence. Classification of patients as having low, intermediate, or and high risk is essential in deciding on suitable treatment. Surgical removal of the bladder should be considered for tumours that do not respond to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment and tumours with the highest risk of progression.

• MeSH
• aplikace intravezikální MeSH
• BCG vakcína terapeutické užití   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom in situ * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• urologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

CONTEXT: The European Association of Urology (EAU) panel on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) released an updated version of the guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. OBJECTIVE: To present the 2016 EAU guidelines on NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the NMIBC guidelines published between April 1, 2014, and May 31, 2015, was performed. Databases covered by the search included Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Libraries. Previous guidelines were updated, and levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Tumours staged as TaT1 or carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped as NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histologic evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. In papillary lesions, a complete TURB is essential for the patient's prognosis. If the initial resection is incomplete, there is no muscle in the specimen, or a high-grade or T1 tumour is detected, a second TURB should be performed within 2-6 wk. The risks of both recurrence and progression may be estimated for individual patients using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) scoring system and risk tables. The stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is pivotal to recommending adjuvant treatment. For patients with a low-risk tumour and intermediate-risk patients at a lower risk of recurrence, one immediate instillation of chemotherapy is recommended. Patients with an intermediate-risk tumour should receive 1 yr of full-dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy or instillations of chemotherapy for a maximum of 1 yr. In patients with high-risk tumours, full-dose intravesical BCG for 1-3 yr is indicated. In patients at highest risk of tumour progression, immediate radical cystectomy (RC) should be considered. RC is recommended in BCG-refractory tumours. The long version of the guidelines is available at the EAU Web site (www.uroweb.org/guidelines). CONCLUSIONS: These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: The European Association of Urology has released updated guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is essential for decisions about adjuvant intravesical instillations. Risk tables can be used to estimate risks of recurrence and progression. Radical cystectomy should be considered only in case of failure of instillations or in NMIBC with the highest risk of progression.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intravezikální MeSH
• BCG vakcína aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• cystektomie * MeSH
• cystoskopie * MeSH
• hladké svalstvo patologie   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom in situ patologie   terapie   MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močový měchýř patologie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře patologie   terapie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• urologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: En bloc transurethral resection of the bladder (eTURB) might improve the surgical management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in comparison to conventional TURB (cTURB). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eTURB is superior to cTURB in resection of NMIBC and specimen retrieval. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a randomized, multicenter trial in patients with up to three cTa-T1 NMIBC tumors of 1-3 cm in size, who were enrolled from January 2019 to January 2022. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized 1:1 to undergo eTURB (n = 192) or cTURB (n = 192). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The primary outcome was the prevalence of detrusor muscle (DM) in the specimen retrieved. Secondary endpoints included bladder perforation, persistent disease at second-look TURB, positive lateral resection margin, positive deep resection margin, operation time, perforation rate, obturator reflex, conversion from eTURB to cTURB, recurrence-free survival, and disease recurrence at 3 mo. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 384 patients were randomized to undergo eTURB or cTURB. A total of 452 tumors were resected and analyzed for the primary outcome. eTURB was superior to cTURB in retrieval of DM (80.7% vs 71.1%; mixed-model p = 0.01). Bladder perforation (5.6% vs 12%; difference -6.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -12.2% to -0.6%) and obturator reflex (8.4% vs 16%; difference -7.6%; 95% CI -14.3% to -0.9%) were less frequent in the eTURB arm than in the cTURB arm. Operation time did not differ between the two techniques (26 min, interquartile range [IQR] 20-38 for eTURB vs 25 min, IQR 17-35 for cTURB; difference 1 min, 95% CI -25.9 to 4.99). Second-look TURB was performed in 24 patients in the eTURB arm and 34 in the cTURB arm, with no difference in the rate of residual papillary disease (pTa/pT1: 56% vs 55.9%; difference 0.1%, 95% CI -25.5% to 25.7%). At median follow-up of 13 mo (IQR 7-20), 18.4% of the patients in the eTURB arm and 16.7% in the cTURB arm had experienced bladder cancer recurrence (Cox hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.49-1.52; p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with clinical NMIBC with up to three tumors of 1-3 cm in size, tumor removal via eTURB resulted in a higher rate of DM in the pathologic specimen in comparison to cTURB. Moreover, eTURB was associated with lower frequency of obturator reflex and bladder perforation than cTURB was. While improving on the quality indicators for NMIBC, the long-term differential oncologic benefits of eTURB remain uncertain. PATIENT SUMMARY: We compared two techniques for removal of bladder tumors and found that tumor removal in a single piece, called en bloc resection, provides a better-quality specimen for pathology analysis and fewer complications in comparison to the conventional method. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03718754.

• MeSH
• cystektomie * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

CONTEXT: This overview presents the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), TaT1, and carcinoma in situ (CIS). OBJECTIVE: To provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of NMIBC with a focus on clinical presentation and recommendations. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the NMIBC guidelines has been performed annually since the last published version in 2017. Databases covered by the search included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries. Previous guidelines were updated, and the level of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Tumours staged as Ta, T1, and/or CIS are grouped under the heading of NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histological evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TURB) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. In papillary lesions, a complete TURB is essential for the patient's prognosis and correct diagnosis. Where the initial resection is incomplete, where there is no muscle in the specimen, or where a T1 tumour is detected, a second TURB should be performed within 2-6 wk. The risks of both recurrence and progression may be estimated for individual patients using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) scoring system. Stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is pivotal to the recommendation of adjuvant treatment. In patients with tumours presumed to be at a low risk and in those presumed to be at an intermediate risk with a low previous recurrence rate and an expected EORTC recurrence score of <5, one immediate chemotherapy instillation is recommended. Patients with intermediate-risk tumours should receive 1 yr of full-dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy or instillations of chemotherapy for a maximum of 1 yr. In patients with high-risk tumours, full-dose intravesical BCG for 1-3 yr is indicated. In patients at the highest risk of tumour progression, immediate radical cystectomy should be considered. Cystectomy is recommended in BCG-unresponsive tumours. The extended version of the guidelines is available at the EAU website: https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/. CONCLUSIONS: These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: The European Association of Urology Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) Panel has released an updated version of their guidelines, which contains information on classification, risk factors, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and treatment of NMIBC. The recommendations are based on the current literature (until the end of 2018), with emphasis on high-level data from randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses. Stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is essential for deciding appropriate use of adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations. Surgical removal of the bladder should be considered in case of BCG-unresponsive tumours or in NMIBCs with the highest risk of progression.

• MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management péče o pacienta * metody   normy   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * patologie   terapie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy   MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• urologie * metody   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Popisujeme dva případy léčených kompenzovaných diabetiků s prokázanou přítomností paraproteinů v krevním séru. U obou z nich byly nalezeny výsledky HbA1c, neodpovídající jejich klinickému stavu a hodnotám plazmatické glukózy. Výsledky HbA1c byly porovnány s použitím dvou metod (obou na principu HPLC) měřením ve dvou různých laboratořích. U prvního pacienta s přítomností IgA kappa paraproteinu (48 g/l) poskytlo měření na přístroji DC-5 výsledky odpovídající dekompenzovanému diabetikovi a pacientovi bez diabetu v případě přístroje Variant II Turbo. U druhého pacienta s přítomností IgM lambda paraproteinu (27 g/l) byly oběma metodami opakovaně zjištěny neadekvátně nízké hodnoty HbA1c. Protože byla popsána řada interferencí paraproteinů při stanovení několika analytů krevního séra, považujeme za vhodné na tyto případy upozornit a pokračovat v podrobnějším studiu v budoucnosti na větším souboru diabetiků s prokázanou přítomností některého paraproteinu.

We describe two causes of treated diabetic patients with paraproteinemia. In both cases the results of HbA1c show strong discrepancies with clinical statement and with plasma glucose concentrations. HbA1c results were controlled by repeated measurements by other method in other laboratory. Different results were obtained. In case of fi rst patient with IgA kappa paraprotein (48 g/l) show results of HbA1c obtained by method DC-5 picture of decompensated diabetes, results of Variant II Turbo picture of non-diabetes person, while glucose and clinical state indicated well compensation of diabetes. In case of the second patient with IgM lambda paraprotein (27 g/l) there were very low and improbable results in both HbA1c methods, while clinical statement and plasma glucose were in entire concordance with picture of well compensated diabetes. Interferences of paraproteins are very often observed in some biochemical analyses, but interference of paraprotein in HbA1c measurement is unusual. We wish to alert on this possibility, because in old diabetic patients increases number of persons with paraprotein.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin analýza   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - kappa-řetězce krev   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - lambda-řetězce krev   MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální gamapatie nejasného významu krev   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sérum chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH