TRY database
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Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- přístup k informacím * MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
As the amount of genome information increases rapidly, there is a correspondingly greater need for methods that provide accurate and automated annotation of gene function. For example, many high-throughput technologies--e.g., next-generation sequencing--are being used today to generate lists of genes associated with specific conditions. However, their functional interpretation remains a challenge and many tools exist trying to characterize the function of gene-lists. Such systems rely typically in enrichment analysis and aim to give a quick insight into the underlying biology by presenting it in a form of a summary-report. While the load of annotation may be alleviated by such computational approaches, the main challenge in modern annotation remains to develop a systems form of analysis in which a pipeline can effectively analyze gene-lists quickly and identify aggregated annotations through computerized resources. In this article we survey some of the many such tools and methods that have been developed to automatically interpret the biological functions underlying gene-lists. We overview current functional annotation aspects from the perspective of their epistemology (i.e., the underlying theories used to organize information about gene function into a body of verified and documented knowledge) and find that most of the currently used functional annotation methods fall broadly into one of two categories: they are based either on 'known' formally-structured ontology annotations created by 'experts' (e.g., the GO terms used to describe the function of Entrez Gene entries), or--perhaps more adventurously--on annotations inferred from literature (e.g., many text-mining methods use computer-aided reasoning to acquire knowledge represented in natural languages). Overall however, deriving detailed and accurate insight from such gene lists remains a challenging task, and improved methods are called for. In particular, future methods need to (1) provide more holistic insight into the underlying molecular systems; (2) provide better follow-up experimental testing and treatment options, and (3) better manage gene lists derived from organisms that are not well-studied. We discuss some promising approaches that may help achieve these advances, especially the use of extended dictionaries of biomedical concepts and molecular mechanisms, as well as greater use of annotation benchmarks.
Bibliographia medica Čechoslovaca (BMČ) je národní registrující bibliografie z biomedicínských oborů. BMČ je vytvářena v Národní lékařské knihovně (NLK) již od roku 1947. Jejími zakladateli byli knihovník Karel Růžička a psychiatr doc. MUDr. Svetozár Nevole. První vydání v knižní podobě bylo uskutečněno v r. 1949 a registrovalo literaturu vydanou v r. 1947. První ročník obsahoval cca 2 500 bibliografických citací. Excerpční základna i zpracování a zpřístupnění BMČ prošlo během 70 let řadou významných změn. V roce 1978 bylo zpracování BMČ již plně automatizované s využitím počítačů. Věcné téma v záznamech MeSH bylo zachyceno znaky Mezinárodního desetinného třídění (MDT), které bylo v roce 1978 nahrazeno deskriptory českého překladu amerického tezauru Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Od roku 1988 jsou do BMČ systematicky doplňovány i práce českých autorů publikovaných v zahraniční. Od roku 2008 se snaží NLK při vytváření BMČ spolupracovat s nakladateli odborných periodik. Přibližně 1/3 titulů získává v plnotextové podobě a uživatelé mají tak přístup z bibliografického záznamu přímo do plného textu. Od některých nakladatelů NLK získává metadata záznamů ve strukturované podobě ve formátu XML. Databáze BMČ je pro uživatelé volně dostupná v portálu Medvik na adrese www.medvik.cz. Plné texty dokumentů jsou ukládány do Digitální knihovny NLK kramerius.medvik.cz, provozované v systému Kramerius. V roce 2017 je do databáze excerpováno přibližně 250 odborných českých periodik a roční přírůstek činí okolo 20 000 bibliografických záznamů. Od r. 2001 NLK pracuje na převodu tištěných verzí BMČ do elektronické strukturované podoby. V letošním roce jsou v elektronické podobě ročníky 1947-49, 51-56, 58, 61 až do současnosti. Databáze BMČ obsahuje nyní přes 900 000 bibliografických záznamů. BMČ je vytvářena v systému DaWinci/Medvik ve formátu MARC 21 podle pravidel velkých databázových center. Věcné zpracování se řídí metodikou databáze Medline. NLK chce prohlubovat spolupráci s nakladateli odborných periodik a zajistit odborné posouzení z řad knihovníků, lékařů a zdravotníků.
The Bibliographia medica Cechoslovaca (BMC) is a national comprehensive medical bibliography. The producer of the BMC is the National Medical Library of Czech Republic since 1947. The founders of the BMC were librarian Karel Ruzicka and psychiatrist Svetozar Nevole. The first edition was in 1949 and the first registered literature was published in 1947. The first volume had 2,500 bibliographic citations. Excerption base, processing and access of the BMC has been changing very much during 70 years. The processing was computerized in 1978. The topic was represented by the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which was replaced with descriptors of the Czech translation of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Since 1988, the BMC systematically registers the work of Czech authors published abroad. Since 2008, the NML has been trying to create the BMC with cooperation with journal’s publishers. Approximately 1/3 of journal’s titles the NML obtains in full text so users have access from a bibliographic record directly to the full text. From some publishers the NML receives metadata records in a structured form in XML format. The BMC database is freely available for users through the portal Medvik at www.medvik.cz . The full texts of documents are stored in the Digital Library of the NML kramerius.medvik.cz that is being operated in the Kramerius System. In 2017, approximately 250 Czech medical periodicals are excerpted in to the database and annual increment is around 20,000 bibliographic records. Since 2001 the NML is working on converting a printed version of the BMC into structured electronic form. As of this year, the electronic version includes years 1947-49, 51-56, 58 and 61 until present. The BMC database now contains over 900,000 bibliographic records. The BMC is created in the system DaWinci/Medvik in the format MARC 21 and follows the rules of major database centers. Indexing follows the methodology of the Medline database. The NML wants to continue to deepen cooperation with the publishers of medical journals and ensure expert evaluation from the ranks of librarians, doctors and health professionals.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modelling is one of the most popular techniques of virtual screening used to predict the activity of a compound toward a biological target. While QSAR classification models are able to predict whether a compound is active or inactive (class) toward a target, regression models try to predict its exact activity value. To find the relationship between the structure and activity of a compound, common machine learning methods are employed (e.g., Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Neural Networks etc.) together with diverse types of compound descriptors (e.g., physico-chemical properties, structural keys, binary fingerprints etc.). QSAR models are generally very fast and, when a correct approach to their validation and applicability domain setting is used, also reliable. They became a common part of computational drug design workflows employed to detect new drug candidates, elucidate their side/adverse effects or assess their potential toxicity risks.
Úvod: Primárním cílem studie bylo retrospektivní zhodnocení rotavirových gastroenteritid (RVGE) v České republice (ČR) a snaha o odhad jejich významu v nejvíce postižených věkových skupinách v období před zahájením rotavirové vakcinace. Metody: Pro analýzu epidemiologických dat o RVGE v ČR byly retrospektivně použity dvě databáze. První databáze byla získána na základě pravidelných ročních hlášení od laboratoří, které v letech 1998–2006 prováděly diagnostiku rotavirových infekcí. Druhou použitou databází byl EPIDAT (oficiální hlásný systém hygienické služby). Byla analyzována data z let 1998–2006. Výsledky: V jednotlivých letech 1998–2006 hlásily laboratoře 1 430–4 815 RVGE. Na základě extrapolace byl odhadnut počet dětí do 5 let hospitalizovaných s rotavirovou infekcí v r. 2006 na 4 076 (696,7/100 000 dětí do 5 let). Nejrozšířenějším laboratorním postupem v roce 2006 byla imunochromatografie a latexová aglutinace. Z celkového počtu nahlášených RVGE do EPIDATu v letech 1998–2006 bylo 76,0–89,2 % dětí do 5 let. V rámci sledování sezonnosti byl zjištěn nejvyšší výskyt v období leden až květen s nejvyšším výskytem v březnu. Během 9 let došlo k 6 úmrtím, která bezprostředně souvisela s RVGE – tři úmrtí byla hlášena u dětí do dvou let a tři úmrtí u starších osob, která souvisela s epidemiemi v zařízeních sociální péče. Závěry: Odhadovaný výskyt hospitalizací s RVGE v ČR v r. 2006 byl vyšší než v dalších evropských vyspělých zemích. Získané výsledky by mohly potvrdit potřebu zavedení vakcinace proti rotavirovým infekcím v ČR a současně podpořit surveillance rotavirových gastroenteritid.
Background: The primary objective of our study was to investigate rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) retrospectively in the Czech Republic (CzR) and try to estimate its significance in the most affected age groups in the prerotavirus vaccine era. Methods: To analyze the epidemiological data on RVGE in the CzR, two databases were used retrospectively. The first database consisted of regular yearly reports from the laboratories diagnosing rotavirus infections from 1998 to 2006. The second database used was EPIDAT (the official notification system of the hygiene service). The data from 1998 to 2006 was analysed. Results: From 1998 to 2006, the laboratories reported 1,430 to 4,815 cases of RVGE per year. By extrapolation, in the CR in 2006, there were an estimated 4,076 rotavirus-related hospitalizations (696.7/100,000 in the age group < 5 years). The most commonly applied detection systems in 2006 were immunochromatography and latex agglutination. Of the RVGE cases recorded in the Epidat database between 1998–2006, 76.0–89.2% were for children aged less than five years. Seasonality was observed with the highest incidence rates between January and May with most cases usually occurring in March. Over nine years, there were six deaths linked directly to RVGE – three deaths reported in children under two and three deaths reported in elderly people whose deaths were related to the epidemics in retirement homes. Conclusions: The estimated incidence rates of RVGE hospitalization in 2006 was higher in the CzR than that reported in other industrialized European countries. Our findings might verify the need for rotavirus vaccine implementation in the Czech Republic and reinforce the importance of rotavirus gastroenteritis surveillance.
- Klíčová slova
- EPIDAT,
- MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gastroenteritida * epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- hospitalizace * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- latex fixační testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- rotavirové infekce * epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Many approaches have been developed in order to mitigate wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC), their causes and consequences. Reliable data on the amount and location of killed animals along roads are therefore necessary. The existing WVC databases are usually, however, far from complete. This data underreporting causes problems when identifying the riskiest places along a transportation infrastructure. WVC data underreporting can distort the results of WVC hotspots determination. In this work, we simulated WVC hotspots identification and stability under various rates of WVC data underreporting. Our aim was to investigate whether WVC hotspots can be found at the original locations even when data are strongly underreported. We applied the KDE + method for WVC hotspots identification. The KDE + method also allows for hotspots ranking according to cluster strength and collective risk. These two measures were then used for detection of diminishing hotspot signals with a rising level of underreporting. We found that WVC hotspots with a greater cluster strength suffered less from underreporting whereas hotspots will lower values of both cluster strength and collective risk were not detected when underreporting in the data increased. Hotspots with a cluster strength above 0.5 were almost always detected when data underreporting remained below 50%. More than 50% of these hotspots (with cluster strength above 0.5) were detectable even when underreporting rate was between 50 and 80%. We further studied the effects of both spatial and temporal underreporting. Whereas temporal change of underreporting was not a problem in hotspots detection, spatial underreporting introduced significant errors producing both false positive and false negative results (hotspots). We conclude that both researchers and practitioners should be aware of the phenomenon of underreporting and should also try to maintain the same sampling effort of spatial reporting.
- MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- divoká zvířata * MeSH
- doprava MeSH
- dopravní nehody * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Compliance, míra dodržování lékařem doporučených postupů, především těch týkajících se farmakoterapie, je důležitým a komplexním problémem. Práce podává krátký teoretický přehled publikovaných prací týkajících se compliance při léčbě statiny se zaměřením na primární non-compliance. Vlastní práce spočívala v analýze primární compliance u pacientů léčených statiny ve Fakultní nemocnici Olomouc. Databáze předpisů na statiny vystavených 2 715 pacientům během roku 2003 byla porovnána s databází vyzvednutých předpisů. Z celkového počtu 12 182 předepsaných balení zůstalo 983 (8,1 %) nevyzvednuto 468 pacienty (17,2 %). Rozdíly v compliance u různých skupin pacientů (věk, pohlaví) nebyly statisticky významné. Otázka non-compliance je na prvním místě při posuzování příčin selhání terapie, naše metoda umožňuje identifikaci neukázněných pacientů. V další fázi bychom do analýzy chtěli zahrnout údaje o fázi léčby a zdravotním stavu pacienta a sledovat dosažení či nedosažení cílových hladin.
Compliance with medication therapy is a well-recognised and important issue. This paper gives a short overview of published work on compliance in lipid-lowering therapy, with special focus on primary non-compliance in statin therapy. We analysed prescription database in the Teaching Hospital in Olomouc and identified all prescriptions issued for lipid-lowering agents in 2003. These data were compared to the database of claimed prescriptions obtained from the insurance company. There were 12,182 packages prescribed to 2,715 patients. 8.1% of prescribed drugs remained unclaimed by 17.2% of the patients. Differences between patient groups (age, sex) were not statistically significant. Non-compliance with medication is one of the first things that need to be considered when a patient fails to respond to treatment. As it seems, primary non-compliance plays an important role. In further research, we would like to include more data about the patients’ treatment in the analysis and try to correlate this with their compliance.
Although many new antiseizure drugs have been developed in the past decade, approximately 30%-40% of patients remain pharmacoresistant. There are no clinical tools or guidelines for predicting therapeutic response in individual patients, leaving them no choice other than to try all antiseizure drugs available as they suffer debilitating seizures with no relief. The discovery of predictive biomarkers and early identification of pharmacoresistant patients is of the highest priority in this group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNAs negatively regulating gene expression, have emerged in recent years in epilepsy, following a broader trend of their exploitation as biomarkers of various complex human diseases. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed database for original research articles focused on miRNA expression level profiling in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or drug-resistant precilinical models and cell cultures. In this review, we summarize 17 publications concerning miRNAs as potential new biomarkers of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential role in the development of drug resistance or epilepsy. Although numerous knowledge gaps need to be filled and reviewed, and articles share some study design pitfalls, several miRNAs dysregulated in brain tissue and blood serum were identified independently by more than one paper. These results suggest a unique opportunity for disease monitoring and personalized therapeutic management in the future.
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- epilepsie * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika MeSH
- refrakterní epilepsie * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The key aim of classification in Para sport is to try and ensure that competitors are grouped so that they compete against others with impairments that cause a similar level of activity limitation within a specific sport. This synthesis aimed to identify existing, valid, and reliable, impairment assessment tools to measure eligible impairments that influence an individual's ability to compete at Para dressage. A multi-stage approach was employed, where a systematic search of professional databases of impairment assessment tools first identified 35 tools for Para dressage. Then, a search strategy was developed, based on these 35 tools, and 305 scientific articles were identified from academic databases up to September 2021. From here, impairment assessment tools were evaluated and refined in a two-stage process using known performance determinants for Para dressage and then an assessment of their reliability, validity and practical usability. This resulted in the selection of impairment assessment tools, which included measures of muscle tone, strength, coordination, sitting balance, and trunk function. From this synthesis, we present a novel process by which impairment assessment tools were selected, refined, and critically examined using knowledge of performance determinants for dressage, the views and experiences of stakeholders, and reliability and validity of tools. The processes described here could be applied to the development of evidence-based classification systems across a range of Para sports.
- MeSH
- koně MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- para sportovci * MeSH
- psychometrie * metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- sporty pro handicapované MeSH
- zátěžový test MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Úvod: Pacienti trpící psychickými poruchami se denně potýkají s příznaky své poruchy, ale také s diskriminací, která souvisí se stigmatizujícími postoji a chováním společnosti. Další zátěž představuje internalizované stigma, které se podílí na horším psychickém stavu a nižší terapeutické odpovědi. Pacienti trpící obsedantně-kompulzivní poruchou (OCD) a jejich rodinní příslušníci mohou být vystaveni stigmatizaci obzvláště v situacích, kdy jsou kompulze a rituály realizovány na veřejnosti. Metoda: V databázích PUBMED, Web of Science a Scopus byly identifikovány pomocí klíčových slov výzkumné a přehledové články, které se týkají termínů "obsedantně-kompulzivní porucha", "stigma", "sebestigmatizace", "psychoedukace", "psychoterapie" a "psychosociální léčba". Výsledky: Z literární rešerše vyplývá, že pacienti trpící OCD a jejich příbuzní se potýkají s předsudky a odsuzujícím jednáním plynoucím ze stigmatizace psychické poruchy, proto se snaží držet existenci diagnózy v tajnosti. Rodinní příslušníci často přebírají odpovědnost za pacientovy povinnosti a pomáhají s realizací rituálů, což vede k frustraci a častým rodinným konfliktům. Závěr: Stigmatizace a sebestigmatiza-ce se podílí na utrpení pacientů s OCD i jejich rodin.
Introduction: Patients, who suffer from mental disorders, daily struggle not only with symptoms of their disorder but also with the discrimination which is connected to stigmatizing attitudes and behavior in the society. Another burden presents internalized stigma which contributes to a worse mental state and treatment response. Patients with OCD and their relatives might be prone to stigmatization, especially when compulsions are done in public. Method: Researches and reviews were identified through a search in the PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Key words used for the extraction were "obsessive compulsive disorder", "stigma", "self-stigma" "psychoeducation" "psychotherapy", and "psychosocial treatment". Results: Patients suffering from OCD and their family members deal with rejection due to the stigma of mental illness. This is why they try to keep the existence of the psychiatric diagnosis as a secret. Relatives often take over some of the patients' shores and responsibilities and help them with performing rituals. This leads to frustration and family conflicts. Conclusions: Stigmatization and self-stigma contributes to suffering and burden of individuals suffering from OCD and their families.
- Klíčová slova
- sebestigmatizace,
- MeSH
- duševně nemocní psychologie MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- kompulzivní porucha osobnosti * psychologie terapie MeSH
- konflikt v rodině psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obsedantně kompulzivní porucha * psychologie terapie MeSH
- rodinné vztahy MeSH
- společenské stigma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH