The ultimate goal of value-based laboratory medicine is maximizing the effectiveness of laboratory tests in improving patient outcomes, optimizing resources and minimizing unnecessary costs. This approach abandons the oversimplified notion of test volume and cost, in favor of emphasizing the clinical utility and quality of diagnostic tests in the clinical decision-making. Several key elements characterize value-based laboratory medicine, which can be summarized in some basic concepts, such as organization of in vitro diagnostics (including appropriateness, integrated diagnostics, networking, remote patient monitoring, disruptive innovations), translation of laboratory data into clinical information and measurable outcomes, sustainability, reimbursement, ethics (e.g., patient empowerment and safety, data protection, analysis of big data, scientific publishing). Education and training are also crucial, along with considerations for the future of the profession, which will be largely influenced by advances in automation, information technology, artificial intelligence, and regulations concerning in vitro diagnostics. This collective opinion paper, composed of summaries from presentations given at the two-day European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Strategic Conference "A vision to the future: value-based laboratory medicine" (Padova, Italy; September 23-24, 2024), aims to provide a comprehensive overview of value-based laboratory medicine, projecting the profession into a more clinically effective and sustainable future.

• MeSH
• Laboratories, Clinical * economics   trends   MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques economics   trends   MeSH
• Congresses as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted classification   MeSH
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone analogs & derivatives   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Infertility * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Cryopreservation classification   methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasms * complications   MeSH
• Embryo Disposition history   MeSH
• Ovarian Reserve MeSH
• Spermatogenesis drug effects   MeSH
• Semen Preservation methods   MeSH
• Vitrification MeSH
• Fertility Preservation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted MeSH
• Child, Abandoned MeSH
• Abortion, Induced MeSH
• Gestational Carriers MeSH
• Embryo Disposition MeSH
• Child, Unwanted MeSH
• Reproductive Medicine ethics   methods   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Reproductive Rights MeSH
• Decision Making MeSH
• Social Norms MeSH
• Sterilization, Reproductive MeSH
• Conscience MeSH
• Health Workforce ethics   MeSH

Publikácia sa zameriava na etické a právne aspekty zdravotníckej praxe, najmä na témy týkajúce sa reprodukcie. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Bioethical Issues MeSH
• Bioethics MeSH
• Euthanasia ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Abortion, Induced ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Embryo Disposition ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Palliative Care ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Prenatal Diagnosis ethics   MeSH
• Sterilization, Reproductive ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Vaccination ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Etika. Morální filozofie
• NML Fields
• etika, bioetika, lékařská etika
• právo, zákonodárství

Hematopoietic growth factors are cytokines which stimulate growth of hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation and maturation into fully function-al blood cells, either erythrocytes or various types of white blood cells. Erythropoietin is a glycosylated peptide hor-mone which stimulates production of red blood cells. It is used for treatment of anaemia caused by a chronic kidney failure. For therapeutic purposes, it is produced by recom-binant technologies predominantly using modified mam-malian cells. This procedure leads, however, to peptides of the same sequence of 165 amino acids but with different glycosylation patterns. These different mixtures of erythro-poietin glycoforms have been designated with different INN names epoetin alfa – omega. Peginesatid (Omontys®) is a synthetic erythropoietin receptor agonist, the structure of which does not match that of erythropoietin. It is a pegylated covalent dimer of two identical peptide chains. It has been abandoned due to an increased mortality from cardiovascular reasons and due to dangerous allergies.

Recent advances in unmanned aerial technology have substantially lowered the cost associated with aerial imagery. As a result, forensic practitioners are today presented with easy low-cost access to aerial photographs at remote locations. The present paper aims to explore boundaries in which the low-end drone technology can operate as professional crime scene equipment, and to test the prospects of aerial 3D modeling in the forensic context. The study was based on recent forensic cases of falls from height admitted for postmortem examinations. Three mock outdoor forensic scenes featuring a dummy, skeletal remains and artificial blood were constructed at an abandoned quarry and subsequently documented using a commercial DJI Phantom 2 drone equipped with a GoPro HERO 4 digital camera. In two of the experiments, the purpose was to conduct aerial and ground-view photography and to process the acquired images with a photogrammetry protocol (using Agisoft PhotoScan® 1.2.6) in order to generate 3D textured models. The third experiment tested the employment of drone-based video recordings in mapping scattered body parts. The results show that drone-based aerial photography is capable of producing high-quality images, which are appropriate for building accurate large-scale 3D models of a forensic scene. If, however, high-resolution top-down three-dimensional scene documentation featuring details on a corpse or other physical evidence is required, we recommend building a multi-resolution model by processing aerial and ground-view imagery separately. The video survey showed that using an overview recording for seeking out scattered body parts was efficient. In contrast, the less easy-to-spot evidence, such as bloodstains, was detected only after having been marked properly with crime scene equipment.

• MeSH
• Video Recording instrumentation   MeSH
• Photography instrumentation   MeSH
• Photogrammetry MeSH
• Blood Stains MeSH
• Aircraft * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computer Simulation MeSH
• Forensic Sciences instrumentation   MeSH
• Remote Sensing Technology * MeSH
• Body Remains MeSH
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Problémy spojené s nízkou porodností jsou již dlouhou dobu celospolečenským tématem, které v kontextu vývoje moderních biomedicínských technologií úzce souvisí s metodami asistované reprodukce, zejména umělého oplodnění, které je v rámci diskurzu považováno za jedinou spolehlivou léčbu neplodnosti. Nehovoří se však příliš o tom, že s jeho realizací je spojeno mnoho etických a právních otázek, které souvisejí s nerespektováním integrity a důstojnosti lidského embrya. To totiž není považováno za cíl daných postupů, ale pouze jako prostředek k realizaci práva na rodinný život či rozvoj vědy, pokud se stane nadbytečným. Cílem tohoto článku bude poukázat na skutečnost, že současný právní stav v oblasti reprodukční medicíny degraduje začínající život na pouhý biologický materiál či předmět smluvního ujednání v podobě surogační dohody, aniž by mu jakožto lidské bytosti poskytoval náležitou právní ochranu. Související zákonná koncepce anonymního dárcovství navíc negativním způsobem navždy ovlivňuje společenský život a osobnostní vývoj takto počatého jedince. Za tímto účelem budeme kriticky analyzovat danou právní úpravu a poukážeme na potřebu celkové změny přístupu zákonodárce, který by měl proporcionálně zohledňovat nejen zájem společnosti, ale také každého (uměle) počatého dítěte.

Problems associated with low birth rates have been a long time a societal issue which, in the context of the development of modern biomedical technologies, is closely related to methods of assisted reproduction, especially artificial insemination, which is considered in the discourse to be the only reliable treatment of infertility. However, people don´t talk too much about the fact, that it is connected to many ethical and legal questations about disrespect the integrity and dignity of the human embryo. He is not considered to be the goal of these procedures but only a means of realizing the right to family life or the development of science if he becomes redundant. The aim of this article will be to point to the fact that the current legal situation in reproductive medicine degrades an unborn child into mere biological material or the subject of a contractual arrangement in the form of a surrogate agreement without providing him with adequate legal protection. The related legal concept of anonymous donation then has negative influence on the social life and the development of identity of the individual, who was conceived by using these methods. For this purpose, we will focus our attention on critical analysis of the legislation and we will also point to the need to reconsider the current approach of the legislator, which should proportionally take into account not only the interest of the society but also of every (artificially) conceived child.

• Keywords
• nadpočetné embryo,
• MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted * ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Directed Tissue Donation ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Donor Conception ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Personhood MeSH
• Embryo, Mammalian MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Embryo Disposition ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Child Advocacy ethics   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Pedigree MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

V devadesátých letech minulého století dochází k rozvoji laparoskopické chirurgie. Cestu ukázali chirurgickým oborům gynekologové. Vývoj metody započal simultáně na třech místech. V USA, Francii a Německu. V roce 1989 provedl Reich v USA první LAVH. Querleu v roce 1991 první laparoskopickou lymfadenektomii a v roce 1992 kombinoval Dargeant Schautovu radikální vaginální hysterektomii s laparoskopickým přístupem. Systematická pánevní a alternativně paraortální lymfadenektomie je součástí radikálních laparoskopických výkonů. Stanovili jsme novou nomenklaturu parametrií, snažíme se šetřit autonomní inervaci. Zpočátku byli operatéři autodidakté, v poslední době jsme svědky standardizace indikací a techniky. Bezpečnost výkonu a komfort operatéra zvyšuje vyspělá technika, 3D zobrazení, vysokofrekvenční bipolární technika, konstrukce trokarů omezujících možnost cévních poranění. Postupně byl téměř na všech specializovaných pracovištích opuštěn vaginální přístup a kompletní operace je prováděna pouze laparoskopicky pod mezinárodně srozumitelným označením TRLH (totální, radikální, laparoskopická hysterektomie). Systematicky se budeme ve svém sdělení věnovat anatomickým aspektům, aplikaci trokarů, základním preparačním krokům a postupům, které omezí možné komplikace, zejména ze strany močového měchýře a ureterů. Zmíníme nutné technické vybavení, základy bezpečné práce s vysokofrekvenční koagulací. Na závěr probereme pooperační péči.

In the nineties we experienced a massive development of laparoscopic surgery. Gynecologists were the first who paved the way. The method was simultaneously developed in three countries - the United States, France and Germany. From the United States the vaginal laparoscopically assisted procedures have came to Europe. The French and German schools were based on the historical knowledge of the Schauta radical hysterectomy. In 1989 Reich was the first who operated the LAVH, followed by Querleu in 1992 with lymphadenectomy and Dargeant who combined the Schauta procedure with the laparoscopic lymph node dissection. It was the laparoscopy that taught us the proper functional anatomy. A new nomenclature of the parametries was defined. Careful attention is given to the preservation of the autonomous inervation. In the beginning all laparoscopic surgeons were self-taught. Nowadays a standardized laparoscopic techniques are implemented for a radical laparoscopic operations. The safety of this method is enhanced by using advanced technologies like 3D imaging, high frequence bipolar tools, safety trocars. More often the vaginal approach is being abandoned and the whole operation is performed laparoscopically. A generally accepted term for this operation is TRLH which stands for Total Radical Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. We will systematically describe the anatomical aspects of the dissection technique regarding the save preparation of the ureters and the bladder. The technical equipment will be mentioned as well as the use of monopolar and bip

• MeSH
• Surgical Instruments MeSH
• Hysterectomy * history   methods   instrumentation   trends   MeSH
• Laparoscopy * history   methods   instrumentation   trends   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymph Node Excision methods   MeSH
• Lymphatic Metastasis MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms surgery   MeSH
• Intraoperative Complications MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Článek pojednává o metodě kryokonzervace. Popisuje podstatu této metody, její historii a etické problémy, které mohou vzniknout při jejím použití v asistované reprodukci. Klíčová slova: kryokonzervace – etické problémy – historie – lidské embryo

This review article deals with the technique which is called cryopreservation. Text describes the principle of this method, history and ethical problems in assisted reproduction. Keywords: cryopreservation – ethical problems – history – human embryo

• MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted * ethics   MeSH
• Bioethical Issues MeSH
• Oocyte Donation ethics   MeSH
• History of Medicine MeSH
• History, Modern 1601- MeSH
• Embryo, Mammalian MeSH
• Ethical Theory MeSH
• Cryopreservation * history   ethics   methods   MeSH
• Ethics, Medical MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Embryo Disposition ethics   MeSH
• Oocytes MeSH
• Embryo Research ethics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Historical Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Czechoslovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Semen Analysis methods   utilization   MeSH
• Anovulation etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Reproductive Techniques, Assisted * history   trends   utilization   MeSH
• Endometriosis etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Infertility * etiology   therapy   MeSH
• In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques * methods   utilization   MeSH
• Clomiphene therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sperm Motility physiology   drug effects   MeSH
• Infertility, Male etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Embryo Disposition utilization   MeSH
• Ovulation drug effects   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Infertility, Female etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Interview MeSH