UBA1 protein, human OR C471538 Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) machinery that maintains genomic integrity and prevents severe pathologies, including cancer, is orchestrated by signaling through protein modifications. Protein ubiquitylation regulates repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), toxic lesions caused by various metabolic as well as environmental insults such as ionizing radiation (IR). Whereas several components of the DSB-evoked ubiquitylation cascade have been identified, including RNF168 and BRCA1 ubiquitin ligases, whose genetic defects predispose to a syndrome mimicking ataxia-telangiectasia and cancer, respectively, the identity of the apical E1 enzyme involved in DDR has not been established. Here, we identify ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1 as the E1 enzyme required for responses to IR and replication stress in human cells. We show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of UBA1, but not of another UBA family member UBA6, impaired formation of both ubiquitin conjugates at the sites of DNA damage and IR-induced foci (IRIF) by the downstream components of the DSB response pathway, 53BP1 and BRCA1. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of UBA1 prevented IRIF formation and severely impaired DSB repair and formation of 53BP1 bodies in G 1, a marker of response to replication stress. In contrast, the upstream steps of DSB response, such as phosphorylation of histone H2AX and recruitment of MDC1, remained unaffected by UBA1 depletion. Overall, our data establish UBA1 as the apical enzyme critical for ubiquitylation-dependent signaling of both DSBs and replication stress in human cells, with implications for maintenance of genomic integrity, disease pathogenesis and cancer treatment.
- MeSH
- benzoáty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- buněčné jádro účinky léků MeSH
- dvouřetězcové zlomy DNA MeSH
- furany chemie farmakologie MeSH
- G1 fáze MeSH
- intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- ionizující záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malá interferující RNA metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- oprava DNA MeSH
- pyrazoly chemie farmakologie MeSH
- RNA interference MeSH
- ubikvitin aktivující enzymy antagonisté a inhibitory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ubikvitinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Somatic mutations in UBA1 have recently been causally linked to a severe adult-onset inflammatory condition referred to as VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 (UBA-1) is of fundamental importance to the modulation of ubiquitin homeostasis and to the majority of downstream ubiquitylation-dependent cellular processes. Direct sequencing analysis of exon 3 containing the prevalent variants p.Met41Leu, p.Met41Val, and/or p.Met41Thr is usually used to confirm the disease-associated mutations. METHODS: We studied the clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics of a 59-year-old man with a 2-year history of arthritis, fever, night sweats, nonspecific skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia. RESULTS: The mutational analysis revealed a previously undescribed sequence variant c.1430G>C in exon 14 (p.Gly477Ala) in the gene UBA1. In vitro enzymatic analyses showed that p.Gly477Ala led to both decreased E1 ubiquitin thioester formation and E2 enzyme charging. CONCLUSION: We report a case of a patient of European ancestry with clinical manifestations of VEXAS syndrome associated with a newly identified dysfunctional UBA-1 enzyme variant. Due to the patient's insufficient response to various immunosuppressive treatments, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed, which resulted in significant improvement of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- myelodysplastické syndromy * MeSH
- pacienti MeSH
- ubikvitin aktivující enzymy * genetika MeSH
- ubikvitiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Protein ubiquitination is a stable, covalent post-translational modification that alters protein activity and/or targets proteins for proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. The E1-type ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBA1) is responsible for ubiquitin activation, the initial step of ubiquitin-protein ligation. Proteasomal proteolysis of ubiquitinated spermatozoa and oocyte proteins occurs during mammalian fertilization, particularly at the site of sperm acrosome contact with oocyte zona pellucida. However, it is not clear whether the substrates are solely proteins ubiquitinated during gametogenesis or if de novo ubiquitination also occurs during fertilization supported by ubiquitin-activating and -conjugating enzymes present in the sperm acrosome. Along this line of inquiry, UBA1 was detected in boar sperm-acrosomal extracts by Western blotting (WB). Immunofluorescence revealed accumulation of UBA1 in the nuclei of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, and in the acrosomal caps of round and elongating spermatids. Thiol ester assays utilizing biotinylated ubiquitin and isolated sperm acrosomes confirmed the enzymatic activity of the resident UBA1. A specific UBA1 inhibitor, PYR-41, altered the remodelling of the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) during sperm capacitation, monitored using flow cytometry of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA). Although viable and motile, the spermatozoa capacitated in the presence of PYR-41, showed significantly reduced fertilization rates during in vitro fertilization (IVF; p < 0.05). Similarly, the fertilization rate was lowered by the addition of PYR-41 directly into fertilization medium during IVF. In WB, high Mr bands, suggestive of protein ubiquitination, were detected in non-capacitated spermatozoa by antibodies against ubiquitin; WB with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and antibodies against acrosomal proteins SPINK2 (acrosin inhibitor) and AQN1 (spermadhesin) revealed that the capacitation-induced modification of those proteins was altered by PYR-41. In summary, it appears that de novo protein ubiquitination involving UBA1 contributes to sperm capacitation and acrosomal function during fertilization.
- MeSH
- akrozom imunologie fyziologie MeSH
- akrozomální reakce MeSH
- benzoáty farmakologie MeSH
- exocytóza MeSH
- fertilizace * účinky léků MeSH
- fosfotyrosin imunologie MeSH
- furany farmakologie MeSH
- glykoproteiny analýza imunologie MeSH
- interakce spermie a vajíčka * MeSH
- kapacitace spermií * MeSH
- prasata metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- proteiny semenné plazmy analýza imunologie MeSH
- protilátky imunologie MeSH
- pyrazoly farmakologie MeSH
- spermatocyty metabolismus MeSH
- spermatogonie metabolismus MeSH
- spermie metabolismus MeSH
- ubikvitin aktivující enzymy metabolismus MeSH
- ubikvitin imunologie MeSH
- ubikvitinace MeSH
- zona pellucida metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
VEXAS syndrom je v roce 2020 nově rozpoznaná a popsaná autoinflamatorní choroba. Akronym VEXAS je složen z prvních písmen V = vakuoly, E = E1 enzymy, X = X-chromozom, A = autoinflamatorní, S = somatické. Podstatou onemocnění je získaná somatická patogenní varianta v genu UBA1. Tento gen kóduje enzym E1, který je zodpovědný za regulaci zánětlivých proteinů vazbou na ubikvitin (ubikvitinizace). Kvůli uložení genu na X chromozomu toto onemocnění postihuje muže, a to v jejich druhé polovině života. Choroba má pestré inflamatorní projevy s hematologickými (hyperkoagulace, anémie, trombocytopenie), dermatologickými (Sweetův snydrom) a revmatologickými (perichondritis, artritis) symptomy. Tyto příznaky lze shrnout do pracovní diagnózy „nespecifikovaná systémová autoinflamatorní choroba“ (undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disorder – USAID). Průkaz vakuol při cytologickém hodnocení kostní dřeně je pro tuto chorobu charakteristický a definitivní diagnózu potvrzuje průkaz defektu UBA1 genu. V textu popisujeme našeho prvního pacienta s VEXAS syndromem a uvádíme stručný přehled literatury.
The VEXAS syndrome is a recently identified autoinflammatory systemic disease. The acronym VEXAS stands for Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic. The disease is due to an acquired somatic mutation of the UBA1 gene, which encodes for the E 1 enzyme, which in turn is responsible for the ubiquitination of proteins. Due to its location on the X chromosome, the disease predominantly affects men in the second half of life. The patients present with a plenty of inflammatory clinical symptoms, often with overlap of hematologic (anemia, thrombocytopenia hypercoagulation), dermatologic (Sweet syndrom), and rheumatologic (artritis, perichondritis) symptoms. These symptoms can be assessed as “undifferentiated systemic autoinflammatory disorder (USAID) ”. Bone marrow smear with the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles in the bone marrow is characteristic and the mutation of UBA1 gene is proof of this diagnosis. In this article, we report our first clinical case of a VEXAS syndrome and give an overview of the literature, including pathophysiology, clinical symptoms and diagnostics of the disease.
- Klíčová slova
- syndrom VEXAS,
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- genetické nemoci vázané na chromozom X * diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika klasifikace MeSH
- kožní manifestace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myelodysplastické syndromy diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Sweetův syndrom diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- vakuoly patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Text popisuje čtyři autoinflamatorní choroby s manifestací až ve věku dospělém. Všechny mají symptomy, které připomínají hemoblastózy, a tak se pacienti často objevují v hematologických ambulancích. Pro syndrom Schnitzlerové jsou charakteristické autoinflamatorní symptomy v kombinaci s monoklonálním imunoglobulinem (hlavně typu IgM). Zánětlivé projevy postihují kůži (chronická urtika), způsobují změny laboratorních hodnot a bolesti kostí a kloubů. Pacienti přicházejí k lékaři s kožními projevy typu chronické urtiky či Sweetova syndromu. Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) je autoinflamatorní onemocnění s vysokými nočními horečkami, které jsou hlavním znakem nemoci. Provází jej kloubní záněty a kožní změny typu kožní vyrážky lososovité barvy, bolesti v krku a lymfadenopatie. VEXAS syndrom je monogenní autoinflamatorní choroba s první manifestací v dospělosti. Je způsobena somatickou mutací genu UBA1 v hemopoetických progenitorových buňkách. Tato nemoc poškozuje četné orgány, způsobuje kožní změny, plicní alveolitidy, vaskulitidy a vede k selhání kostní dřeně pod obrazem myelodysplastického syndromu. SAPHO syndrom je charakteristický kombinací osteitidy, osteolytických kostních destrukcí, osteoartikulárními změnami a kožními projevy. SAPHO syndrom indukuje zánětlivé kostní změny (jak osteolytické, tak hyperostototické) a způsobuje bolesti kloubů (synovitis). Kožními projevy jsou akné a pustulózy. Z uvedených čtyř chorob manifestujících se v dospělosti má pouze VEXAS syndrom diagnostickou UBA1 mutaci, pro stanovení diagnóz dalších tří nemocí jsou používána mezinárodní kritéria. V textu jsou diskutovány nejnovější diagnostické a léčebné možnosti.
This paper described four autoinflammatory disorders that manifest in adulthood. All of them have certain symptoms that resemble haematological malignancies. These disorders are a fascinating combination of inflammation, haematologic abnormalities, and clinical complexity. Schnitzler syndrome is characterized by a combination of monoclonal gammopathy (specifically IgM gammopathy) and autoinflammatory symptoms. Patients experience systemic inflammation affecting the skin, and bone pain. Various clinical diagnoses, including Sweet syndrome, urticaria, may be suspected. Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder with persistent high fever, joint inflammation, salmon-coloured rash, fatigue, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. VEXAS syndrome is a monogenic disease of adulthood. It results from somatic mutations in UBA1 within haematopoietic progenitor cells. Patients develop inflammatory symptoms affecting various organs, including the skin, lungs, blood vessels, and cartilage. Myeloid-driven autoinflammation and progressive bone marrow failure contribute to its substantial morbidity and mortality. SAPHO syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a combination of osteitis, osteolytic bone destruction as well as osteoarticular and dermatologic features. SAPHO syndrome induces inflammatory bone lesions (osteolytic or hyperostosis) and joint pain (synovitis). Skin manifestations include acne and pustulosis. Only VEXAS syndrome carries a diagnostic UBA1 mutation, the other three entities require international diagnostic criteria. The latest diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed in this review.
- Klíčová slova
- VEXAS syndrom,
- MeSH
- antagonista receptoru pro interleukin 1 terapeutické užití MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci imunitního systému * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Stillova nemoc dospělých diagnóza farmakoterapie patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- syndrom Schnitzlerové dějiny diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- syndrom získané hyperostózy diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- zdravotnické informační systémy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH