BACKGROUND: Individuals with adverse pregnancy outcomes have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, but the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and cognitive impairment and dementia is less well established. We aimed to synthesise, combine, and assess the growing body of data examining the associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in parous women. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Embase from database inception up to July 18, 2024, with no language restrictions, for observational studies or clinical trials that reported mild cognitive impairment or dementia as outcomes and included female individuals or women who had an adverse pregnancy outcome, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, or placental abruption. We excluded studies of men, nulliparous women, women with pre-pregnancy conditions associated with impaired cognition, and studies examining cognitive impairment within 6 months of pregnancy. Database searches were supplemented by manual review of the reference lists of included studies. If studies met eligibility criteria but did not have sufficient data for meta-analysis (ie, did not report a summary statistic or a hazard ratio [HR] for outcome estimation), they were included in the systematic review and excluded from the meta-analysis. After removing duplicates, two investigators independently screened titles and abstracts using Covidence software, with potentially eligible studies undergoing full-text review by the same reviewers, with further review by a third reviewer and disagreements resolved by discussion and group consensus. Study quality was assessed and summary statistics extracted by two reviewers independently. The primary outcomes of our study were mild cognitive impairment, all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. Heterogeneity was measured using the Q test and I2 statistic, and we used random-effects models with inverse-variance weighting to assess the association between adverse pregnancy outcome and primary outcomes with sufficient meta-analysable data via pooled adjusted HRs and 95% CIs. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023453511. FINDINGS: Of 11 251 publications identified, 15 studies (including 7 347 202 participants) met inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 11 studies (6 263 431 participants) had sufficient data for meta-analysis. A history of any adverse pregnancy outcome was associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (adjusted HR 1·32 [95% CI 1·17-1·49]; I2= 80%), Alzheimer's disease (1·26 [1·04-1·53]; I2=63%), and vascular dementia (1·94 [1·70-2·21]; I2=0%). A history of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was significantly associated with all-cause dementia (1·32 [1·11-1·57]; I2=74%) and vascular dementia (1·78 [1·46-2·17]; I2=0%), but not Alzheimer's disease (1·24 [0·98-1·57]; I2=66%). Stillbirth was not significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause dementia (1·26 [95% CI 0·93-1·71]; I2=62%). In individual studies, similar effect directions were observed for preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, but data were insufficient for meta-analysis. INTERPRETATION: Given their increased risk of dementia, women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes should be evaluated for additional dementia risk factors and monitored closely for any signs of cognitive decline. Furthermore, to obtain more reliable findings, future studies should measure both exposures and outcomes prospectively and objectively. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute on Aging, and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.

• MeSH
• demence * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• výsledek těhotenství * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Pochopení vztahu mezi senzomotorickými proměnnými a exerkiny, které ovlivňují funkci mozku a kognici, nám umožňuje hlouběji porozumět biologickému procesu stárnutí. Hlavním cílem této studie bylo zjistit, jak silně jsou mozkový neurotrofický faktor (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), irisin, svalová hmota a svalová síla asociovány s výsledky testů vybraných kognitivních funkcí u starších žen a jak dobře je predikují. Padesát sedm starších žen (průměrný věk 70,4 ± 4,1 roku) absolvovalo baterii neuropsychologických testů, měření izometrické dynamometrie a bioelektrické impedance. Hladiny v krevním séru sledovaných exerkinů byly stanoveny enzymatickým imunosorbentním testem (ELISA). Pro testování predikcí byly využity hierarchické vícenásobné regresní modely. Odhadli jsme, že rozptyl 46,1 % v krátkodobé paměti byl zapříčiněn hladinami BDNF v séru, přičemž druhým statisticky významným prediktorem byl věk (beta = –0,22; p = 0,030). Síla dolních končetin (lower limb strength, LLS) prokázala významnou prediktivní sílu jak u paměti – bezprostřední vybavení (beta = 0,39; p = 0,004), tak u paměti – oddálené vybavení (beta = 0,45; p = 0,001). Hladiny BDNF v séru byly významným prediktorem u oddáleného vybavení (beta = 0,29; p = 0,048). Přidání hladin BDNF do modelu prokázalo významné zvýšení jeho prediktivní síly o přibližně 5,6 % (p = 0,048) u paměti – oddálené vybavení. Index kosterní svalové hmoty (skeletal muscle index, SMI) a úroveň vzdělání byly významnými prediktory mentální flexibility. Byla zjištěna silná pozitivní asociace mezi hladinami BDNF, irisinem, svalovou silou a kognitivní funkcí, přičemž irisin a svalová síla jsou silnými prediktory hladin BDNF u starších žen. Studie byla realizována s podporou grantu Univerzity Karlovy – PRIMUS/19/HUM/012, Specifického vysokoškolského výzkumu SVV 260599, projektu COOPERATIO a Grantové agentury UK číslo grantu 268321. Korespondenční adresa: PhDr. Veronika Holá Katedra gymnastiky a úpolových sportů FTVS UK José Martího 269/31 162 52 Praha 6-Veleslavín e-mail: veronika.hola@ftvs.cuni.cz

Understanding the relationship between sensorimotor variables and exerkines related to brain function and cognition may help better understand biological ageing. The main aim of this study was to determine how strongly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, muscle mass and muscle strength are associated and predict scores on selected cognitive domain tests in older women. Fifty seven older women (mean age 70.4 ± 4.1 years) underwent a battery of cognitive and psychological tests and measurements of isometric dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance. Serum exerkines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to test the predictions. We estimated that 46.1% of the variance in short-term memory was accounted for by serum BDNF levels, with age being the second statistically significant predictor (Beta = -0.22; p = 0.030). Lower limb strength (LLS) showed significant predictive power in both immediate (Beta = 0.39; p = 0.004) and delayed memory (Beta = 0.45; p = 0.001), serum BDNF levels were a significant predictor in delayed memory (Beta = 0.29; p = 0.048). Adding serum BDNF levels to the model showed a significant increase in predictive power of approximately 5.6% (p = 0.048) in delayed memory. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and education level were significant predictors of mental flexibility. A strong positive association between BDNF levels, irisin, muscle strength, and cognitive function was found, with irisin and muscle strength being strong predictors of BDNF levels in older women.

• Klíčová slova
• irisin,
• MeSH
• fibronektinová doména typu III fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní stárnutí * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor krev   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svalová atrofie etiologie   MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Leg stereotypy syndrome (LSS) is a very common, yet underrecognized condition. The pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and describe the visual kinematic characteristics of the repetitive leg movements in individuals with LSS. METHODS: In this study, we identified and videotaped individuals diagnosed with LSS at the Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas between 2000 and 2023. Only patients with LSS and without any co-morbidities were included in the study. Their medical records were carefully reviewed, and the demographic and clinical data were entered into a database. Video recordings of the repetitive leg movements were then analyzed using TremAn software. RESULTS: We identified 14 individuals with LSS who were videotaped at our center. The videos of the 5 cases were too brief and therefore not suitable for TremAn quantitative analysis. The remaining 9 individuals exhibited regular rhythmic oscillations of the legs. Among these, two individuals displayed rhythmic movements only in video segments where their legs were in crossed positions. The other 7 individuals had regular rhythmic oscillations, always with the toes resting on the floor with the heels raised. Frequency analysis showed values between 4.5 and 6.5 Hz, fairly consistent with a variance below 0.5 Hz in individual cases. The oscillation frequency changed from 5.7 Hz to 2.7 Hz while standing. CONCLUSION: In this study, 6 of 9 individuals with LSS showed 4.5-6.5 Hz regular rhythmic leg movements. Studies involving a larger LSS population with additional electrophysiological evaluations are needed to obtain further insights into this common movement disorder.

• MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam MeSH
• bérec * patofyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• porucha se stereotypními pohyby * patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objective.This study aims to characterize the time course of impedance, a crucial electrophysiological property of brain tissue, in the human thalamus (THL), amygdala-hippocampus, and posterior hippocampus over an extended period.Approach.Impedance was periodically sampled every 5-15 min over several months in five subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy using an investigational neuromodulation device. Initially, we employed descriptive piecewise and continuous mathematical models to characterize the impedance response for approximately three weeks post-electrode implantation. We then explored the temporal dynamics of impedance during periods when electrical stimulation was temporarily halted, observing a monotonic increase (rebound) in impedance before it stabilized at a higher value. Lastly, we assessed the stability of amplitude and phase over the 24 h impedance cycle throughout the multi-month recording.Main results.Immediately post-implantation, the impedance decreased, reaching a minimum value in all brain regions within approximately two days, and then increased monotonically over about 14 d to a stable value. The models accounted for the variance in short-term impedance changes. Notably, the minimum impedance of the THL in the most epileptogenic hemisphere was significantly lower than in other regions. During the gaps in electrical stimulation, the impedance rebound decreased over time and stabilized around 200 days post-implant, likely indicative of the foreign body response and fibrous tissue encapsulation around the electrodes. The amplitude and phase of the 24 h impedance oscillation remained stable throughout the multi-month recording, with circadian variation in impedance dominating the long-term measures.Significance.Our findings illustrate the complex temporal dynamics of impedance in implanted electrodes and the impact of electrical stimulation. We discuss these dynamics in the context of the known biological foreign body response of the brain to implanted electrodes. The data suggest that the temporal dynamics of impedance are dependent on the anatomical location and tissue epileptogenicity. These insights may offer additional guidance for the delivery of therapeutic stimulation at various time points post-implantation for neuromodulation therapy.

• MeSH
• cizí tělesa * MeSH
• elektrická impedance MeSH
• hluboká mozková stimulace * metody   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that alexithymia plays a significant role in substance and behavioral addictions. However, only a handful of studies investigated this construct in relation to gaming addiction, and no study analyzed its differential effect on gaming engagement and addiction. METHODS: A total of u adult gamers (Mage = 26.04, SD = 5.78, 94 % male) completed a questionnaire that included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (and its subscales of difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking), the Addiction-Engagement Questionnaire, and additional questions about gender, age, and time spent gaming. Structural equation modeling was used as the main analytical strategy. RESULTS: Difficulty identifying feelings (β = 0.28) and externally oriented thinking (β = 0.19) showed a significant positive effect on gaming addiction. Contrary to addiction, externally oriented thinking showed a significant negative effect (β = -0.21) on gaming engagement. No other alexithymia subscales were significant. The model with alexithymia explained 32.7 % of the variance in gaming addiction while only 10.4 % of gaming engagement. CONCLUSIONS: Alexithymia is a strong predictor of gaming addiction. Gaming engagement seems to be a qualitatively different phenomenon that shows an opposite association with alexithymia than gaming addiction. However, both are related to increased time spent gaming. This suggests a need to distinguish between problematic vs. non-problematic excessive gaming as they have different associations with affect dysregulation.

• MeSH
• afektivní symptomy * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návykové chování * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing number of research studies examining the effects of age on the control of posture, the number of annual fall-related injuries and deaths continues to increase. A better understanding of how old age affects the neural mechanisms of postural control and how countermeasures such as balance training could improve the neural control of posture to reduce falls in older individuals is therefore necessary. The aim of this review is to determine the effects of age on the neural correlates of balance skill learning measured during static (standing) and dynamic (walking) balance tasks in healthy individuals. METHODS: We determined the effects of acute (1-3 sessions) and chronic (> 3 sessions) balance skill training on balance in the trained and in untrained, transfer balance tasks through a systematic review and quantified these effects by robust variance estimation meta-analysis in combination with meta-regression. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Balance performance and neural plasticity outcomes were extracted and included in the systematic synthesis and meta-analysis. RESULTS: Forty-two studies (n = 622 young, n = 699 older individuals) were included in the systematic synthesis. Seventeen studies with 508 in-analysis participants were eligible for a meta-analysis. The overall analysis revealed that acute and chronic balance training had a large effect on the neural correlates of balance skill learning in the two age groups combined (g = 0.79, p < 0.01). Both age groups similarly improved balance skill performance in 1-3 training sessions and showed little further improvements with additional sessions. Improvements in balance performance mainly occurred in the trained and less so in the non-trained (i.e., transfer) balance tasks. The systematic synthesis and meta-analysis suggested little correspondence between improved balance skills and changes in spinal, cortical, and corticospinal excitability measures in the two age groups and between the time courses of changes in balance skills and neural correlates. CONCLUSIONS: Balance skill learning and the accompanying neural adaptations occur rapidly and independently of age with little to no training dose-dependence or correspondence between behavioral and neural adaptations. Of the five types of neural correlates examined, changes in only spinal excitability seemed to differ between age groups. However, age or training dose in terms of duration did not moderate the effects of balance training on the changes in any of the neural correlates. The behavioral and neural mechanisms of strong task-specificity and the time course of skill retention remain unclear and require further studies in young and older individuals. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022349573.

• Publikační typ
• systematický přehled MeSH

The extensive use and bioaccumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) over time raise concerns about their impact on health, including mental issues such as depression. This study aims to evaluate the association between PFAS and depression. In addition, considering the importance of PFAS as an endocrine disruptor and in adipogenesis, the analyses will also be stratified by body fat status. A cross-sectional study with 479 subjects (56.4% women, 25-89 years) was conducted. Four PFAS were measured: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The Poisson regression model was applied using robust error variances. The fully adjusted model included age, sex, educational level, income, smoking, physical activity, body fat percentage, and the questionnaire to assess depression. The prevalence of depression and high body fat was 7.9% and 41.1%, respectively. Only PFOA was significantly associated with depression in the entire sample (prevalence rate (PR): 1.91; confidence interval (CI95%): 1.01-3.65). However, in the group with normal adiposity, PFOA (3.20, CI95%: 1.46-7.01), PFNA (2.54, CI95%: 1.29-5.00), and PFDA (2.09, CI95%: 1.09-4.00) were also significant. Future research should investigate the role of obesity as well as the biological plausibility and possible mechanisms increasing the limited number of evidences between PFAS and depression.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Lower limb injuries are widely recognized as the most prevalent injuries among female soccer players. Joint position sense plays a vital role in muscle reflexes, joint stability dynamics, and movement planning for neuromuscular control. Decreased accuracy in joint position sense can be considered an internal injury risk factor.Objective: The current study aims to investigate the immediate effect of a short-term balance protocol with a wobble board on knee and ankle joint position sense. Methods: Forty female participants were recruited and then randomly allocated into two groups: balance training (BTR; n = 20, age 23.50 ± 1.50 years) and control (CON; n = 20, age 23.10 ± 1.77 years). Knee and ankle joint reconstruction errors were measured using a gyroscope at 60° of knee flexion and 30° of ankle plantarflexion. Following this, the BTR group participated in a short-term balance protocol (one session). Immediately following training and then one hour later, the reconstruction error was measured in both groups. Results: A mixed-repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that for the BTR group, the absolute angular error (AAE) before and after intervention decreased by 2.14° and 2.95° in the knee (p = .001) and ankle (p = .001) joints, respectively. In addition, an hour after intervention, the AAE remained below the initial value in the two joints (p = .001). Specifically, in the CON group, the AAE in the knee joint did not show a significant decrease, and similarly, no significant change was observed in the AAE in the ankle joint, and also an hour after the intervention. Conclusions: A wobble board training session may stimulate the sensory receptors of the knee and ankle joints of female amateur soccer players and increased joint position sense accuracy and is present one hour post intervention.

• MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• fotbal * zranění   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub MeSH
• kolenní kloub MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu prevence a kontrola   rehabilitace   MeSH
• poranění dolní končetiny * klasifikace   rehabilitace   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

System justification (SJ) is an important construct in social psychology that has received considerable attention over the past three decades. At the empirical level, system justification is examined by means of a specially developed System Justification Scale (SJS), which is designed to explain how individuals accept justice, whether they consider a given social order to be fair, how they evaluate the conditions in the country in which they live, how they accept social change, or to what extent they express compliance with established rules. System justification involves not only those who benefit from the existing social order, but also those who are disadvantaged. In their case, system justification mitigates negative perceptions of objective inequalities and asymmetries. Empirical evidence suggests that system justification may also be associated with higher perceived quality of life. The present study translated and validated the SJS, providing complex and detailed information on the psychometric properties of the scale. In addition, the scale's internal consistency, unidimensionality, and construct validity were examined. The conclusions presented are based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency assessment, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Results were obtained from face-to-face survey data collected from a sample of 1419 individuals representing the Czech population aged 18-79 years. Since the SJS showed high internal consistency, adequately discriminated levels of system justification, and had robust psychometric properties, it could be recommended for further use.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Biological maturity (BM) and foot morphology (FM) can independently alter neuromuscular loading on the ankle-foot complex, potentially causing stability deficits and injury predisposition. However, the influence of BM on FM, and how much both explain neuromuscular performance in postural stability (PS) tests, has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BM on FM, and then discover to what extent both factors explain the variance in PS performance in adolescent footballers. METHODS: Over one season, 399 three-dimensional foot scans were gathered from 72 footballers (U12-U15). PS was measured by center of pressure (COP) displacement in bilateral and unilateral stance. The Khamis and Roche equation determined maturity status (MS), while formulae from Mirwald and Khamis and Roche estimated timing of biological maturation (TBM). Principal component analysis determined nine principal components that explained the most variance in FM. An ANCOVA determined the effect of TBM on FM principal components, with covariates of age, height, weight, playing position, and foot preference. Step-wise linear regression determined the explanation of COP displacement by the above-mentioned predictors. RESULTS: There was significantly increased foot pronation during and after peak height velocity/puberty. MS and four foot principal components (foot arch and width, great toe width and length) were significant predictors in all PS tests (R2: 0.105-0.180). CONCLUSIONS: TBM had a significant effect on FM presentation, and should be a part of adolescent foot assessment. While they only explained a small amount of variance, determining MS and FM may identify those requiring additional PS attention.

• MeSH
• dolní končetina * MeSH
• hlezenní kloub MeSH
• kotník MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• posturální rovnováha * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH