This study aimed to understand the sleeping habits of Israeli Paralympic Athletes as a pre-intervention stage to implement sleep hygiene programs. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to assess sleep quality. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to determine sleepiness throughout the day. Chronotype was detected using the Horne and Östberg Questionnaire. Para-athletes who were expected to represent Israel at the Tokyo 2020 games were approached via email. The surveys were collected online between April and August, 2018. Para-athletes (n = 52, male = 32, female = 20, mean age = 31.2y, SD = 11.9, from 13 different sport disciplines) completed the online surveys. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare sleep efficiency between the sleepy and non-sleepy groups. MANOVA test was performed to evaluate differences between sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and latency between the good and poor sleep quality groups. Non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze the association between the results of the three questionnaires and each sample characteristics. Under a third (31%, n=16) of the athletes slept between 6.5 to 7 hours per night, and a further 29% (n=15) slept less than 6 hours. From the MANOVA analysis, athletes with poor sleep quality had statistically significantly lower sleep efficiency (p = .028, F(1,50) = 5.11, medium effect size: = .093), greater daytime dysfunction (p < .001, F(1,50) = 14.19, large effect size: = .221), and greater sleep latency (p < .001, F(1,50) = 15.08, large effect size: = .232), than athletes with good sleep quality. Of the athletes, 33% reported having 'moderate to excessive daytime sleepiness', 46% did not train at times that match their chronotype. The results of this study may aid in planning effective intervention methods to improve athletes' sleep quality.

• MeSH
• chronotyp MeSH
• kvalita spánku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• para sportovci * MeSH
• somnolence MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

In this work, we investigated the accuracy of chronotype estimation from actigraphy while evaluating the required recording length and stability over time. Chronotypes have an important role in chronobiological and sleep research. In outpatient studies, chronotypes are typically evaluated by questionnaires. Alternatively, actigraphy provides potential means for measuring chronotype characteristics objectively, which opens many applications in chronobiology research. However, studies providing objective, critical evaluation of agreement between questionnaire-based and actigraphy-based chronotypes are lacking. We recorded 3-months of actigraphy and collected Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) results from 122 women. Regression models were applied to evaluate the questionnaire-based chronotypes scores using selected actigraphy features. Changes in predictive strength were evaluated based on actigraphy recordings of different duration. The actigraphy was significantly associated with the questionnaire-based chronotype, and the best single-feature-based models explained 37% of the variability (R2) for MEQ (p < .001), 47% for mid-sleep time MCTQ-MSFsc (p < .001), and 19% for social jetlag MCTQ-SJLrel (p < .001). Concerning stability in time, the Mid-sleep and Acrophase features showed high levels of stability (test-retest R ~ 0.8), and actigraphy-based MSFscacti and SJLrelacti showed high temporal variability (test-retest R ~ 0.45). Concerning required recording length, features estimated from recordings with 3-week and longer observation periods had sufficient predictive power on unseen data. Additionally, our data showed that the subjectively reported extremes of the MEQ, MCTQ-MSFsc, and MCTQ-SJLrel are commonly overestimated compared to objective activity peak and middle of sleep differences measured by actigraphy. Such difference may be associated with chronotype time-variation. As actigraphy is considered accurate in sleep-wake cycle detection, we conclude that actigraphy-based chronotyping is appropriate for large-scale studies, especially where higher temporal variability in chronotype is expected.

• MeSH
• aktigrafie * MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• zápěstí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Individuals differ in their preferred timing of sleep and activity, which is referred to as a chronotype. The timing shows a wide distribution; extremely early chronotypes may wake up when the extremely late chronotypes fall asleep. The chronotype is supposed to be determined by the central circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus because the phasing of the pineal melatonin rhythm, which is driven by the SCN, correlates with the sleep timing preference. In addition to the SCN, circadian oscillators are also present in most if not all bodily cells. These peripheral clocks are synchronized by the central SCN clock and by other tissue-specific entraining cues. At the molecular level, the circadian oscillations are based on a complex, self-sustaining mechanism that drives the rhythmical expression of clock genes and their proteins. The aim of the present field study was to elucidate whether the changes in the internal timing of early and late chronotypes, as expressed by changes in the phases of their mid-sleep and melatonin secretion, can also be detected at the molecular clockwork level in subjects examined under real-life conditions. Ninety-five adult volunteers were chronotyped using an adapted Munich chronotype questionnaire to assess their mid-sleep phase, and 6 subjects with early chronotypes and 6 with late chronotypes were chosen for the study. For the assessment of the circadian phase, the subjects provided samples of saliva for the melatonin assay and samples of oral mucosa for the determination of clock gene Per1, Per2, and Rev-erbα mRNA levels every 4 h during a 24-h period. The significant correlation between the phase of the melatonin profile and timing of mid-sleep confirmed the classification of the subjects according to their chronotype. The circadian phases of the Per1, Per2, and Rev-erbα expression profiles in the oral mucosa were advanced in the early chronotypes compared with those in the late chronotypes (p < .001) and correlated significantly with the mid-sleep phase of the individual subjects. Moreover, the circadian phases of the Per1 expression profiles of individual subjects correlated significantly with the phases of their melatonin profiles (p < .05), whereas the correlation for the Per2 and Rev-erbα phases was nonsignificant, although the trend was the same. Our results demonstrate that the individual chronotype in humans living in real-life conditions affects not only the phasing of the daily melatonin rhythm in saliva but also the phasing of Per1, Per2, and Rev-erbα clock gene expression profiles in buccal mucosa cells. This report represents the first demonstration that the human peripheral circadian clock may sense the individual's chronotype under field study conditions. The data contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying human chronotypes in real life.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melatonin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• proteiny CLOCK genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cieľom štúdie bolo identifikovať chronotyp dominujúci u vysokoškolských študentiek realizujúcich vo svojom voľnom čase športovú aktivitu aerobik. Súbor tvorili študentky (n = 62, vek = 21,2±1,4 roka) I. a II. stupňa vysokoškolského štúdia rôznych študijných programov a študijných odborov na jednotlivých fakultách Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici. Na zistenie potrebných údajov pre identifikáciu chronotypov bola využitá metóda štandardizovaného dotazníka. Identifikácia chronotypu bola realizovaná kvantifikáciou bodového skóre všetkých otázok a priradeniu konkrétneho chronotypu podľa stanovenej bodovej stupnice. Analýza výsledkov ukázala, že 48 probandiek (77,4 %) inklinovalo k vyrovnanému chronotypu, u 8 probandiek (12,9 %) dominoval mierne ranný chronotyp. U 5 (8,1 %) probandiek bol identifikovaný mierne večerný chronotyp. Bezprostredne večerný chronotyp bol identifikovaný len u jednej probandky (1,6 %) a bezprostredne ranný chronotyp nebol identifikovaný u žiadnej (0 %) z probandiek.

The aim of the study was chronotype´s identification of university´s students who have been practising the activity of aerobics during their free time. The experimental ensemble composed of probands (n = 62, age = 21.2±1.4 years) who attended I. and II. level of university´s studies. The probands attended various study programmes and field of studies on particular faculties of Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica. We identified chrontypes thanks to the method of standardised questionnaire. The identification was being done by quantification of score points of all questions. The scores were added together and the sum converted into a stated five point scale. The analysis has shown that 48 probands (77.4 %) tend to be the neither chronotype, 8 probands (12.9 %) are represented by moderately morning chronotype. Moderately evening chronotype is dominated for 5 probands (8.1 %). 1 proband (1.6 %) tends to be definitely evening chronotype. Definitely morning chronotype was not identified.

• Klíčová slova
• aerobik, biorytmy, vysokoškolské studentky,
• MeSH
• chronobiologie (obor) MeSH
• chronotyp MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky využití   MeSH
• studenti * klasifikace   MeSH
• techniky cvičení a pohybu MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Chronotype refer to individuals' time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as "morning types = (M-types)", "evening types = (E-types)", and "neither types (N-types)". The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference (F = 3.29, p > .05, V = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.

• MeSH
• americký fotbal * MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Malfunction of the circadian timing system may result in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and conversely, these diseases can impair the circadian system. The aim of this study was to reveal whether the functional state of the circadian system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) differs from that of control Wistar rat. This study is the first to analyze the function of the circadian system of SHR in its complexity, i.e., of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) as well as of the peripheral clocks. The functional properties of the SCN clock were estimated by behavioral output rhythm in locomotor activity and daily profiles of clock gene expression in the SCN determined by in situ hybridization. The function of the peripheral clocks was assessed by daily profiles of clock gene expression in the liver and colon by RT-PCR and in vitro using real time recording of Bmal1-dLuc reporter. The potential impact of the SHR phenotype on circadian control of the metabolic pathways was estimated by daily profiles of metabolism-relevant gene expression in the liver and colon. The results revealed that SHR exhibited an early chronotype, because the central SCN clock was phase advanced relative to light/dark cycle and the SCN driven output rhythm ran faster compared to Wistar rats. Moreover, the output rhythm was dampened. The SHR peripheral clock reacted to the dampened SCN output with tissue-specific consequences. In the colon of SHR the clock function was severely altered, whereas the differences are only marginal in the liver. These changes may likely result in a mutual desynchrony of circadian oscillators within the circadian system of SHR, thereby potentially contributing to metabolic pathology of the strain. The SHR may thus serve as a valuable model of human circadian disorders originating in poor synchrony of the circadian system with external light/dark regime.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cirkadiánní hodiny * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kolon metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• metabolické sítě a dráhy fyziologie   MeSH
• nucleus suprachiasmaticus metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Impaired daily rhythms in vertebrate physiology occur with age. Particularly, age-related changes in melatonin and serotonin rhythms and hypercortisolemia have been reported to be linked to age-related disorders. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of a Jerte Valley cherry-based nutraceutical product (patent no ES 2342141 B1), which contains high levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and melatonin, on the serum melatonin, serotonin, corticosterone, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in young and old ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) and rats (Rattus norvegicus) as representatives of animals with diurnal and nocturnal habits, respectively. The animals consumed the cherry product for 10 days. Serum melatonin, serotonin, corticosterone, and TAC were measured with commercial ELISA kits. The consumption of the cherry product induced a significant increase in the circulating levels of melatonin and serotonin, as well as in the serum TAC and a significant decrease in the circulating levels of corticosterone in both species and groups of age as compared to their respective values in the control groups. The consumption of a Jerte Valley cherry-based nutraceutical product may help to counteract the decrease in melatonin and serotonin and the increase in oxidative stress, suggesting a potential health benefit especially in aged populations where these parameters have been found to be altered.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• Columbidae MeSH
• ELISA metody   využití   MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kortikosteron krev   MeSH
• Malpighiaceae MeSH
• melatonin izolace a purifikace   krev   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• serotonin izolace a purifikace   krev   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

A chronotype is a designation for individual preference of times for different activities in humans. In chronobiological research, it can be measured in many ways, including subjective questionnaires. The most frequently used questionnaires for determining the chronotype are Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Many studies from around the world have already reported metric properties of the MEQ and MCTQ and their relationship in different languages. In this study, we created the Czech version of the MCTQ and examined its relationship with the Czech version of MEQ, including socio-demographic effects. We also examined the ability of the MCTQ to identify chronotypes and cutoffs for their determination. In total, 2703 people (1964 females, 739 males, 18-75 years of age) were screened by the MEQ, MCTQ and reported on age, sex and self-declared body mass index (BMI). We found a significant relationship (p < .001) between MEQ and MCTQ (MSFsc score, used as a chronotype indicator). No significant sex differences in MEQ and in MSFsc were found, but the relationship between age and MSFsc (mid-sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt on weekdays) (p < .001), MEQ (p < .001), social jet-lag (SJL, p < .001) and BMI (p < .001) were found. The SJL was related to MSFsc (p < .001), MEQ (p < .001) and BMI (p < .05). The optimal cutoff value of MSFsc to identify morning and evening chronotype was 3.35 and 4.6, respectively. The results of this study support the mutual substitutability of the Czech version of MEQ and MCTQ.

• MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Abandoning daylight saving time in Europe raises the topical issue of proper setting of yearlong social time, which needs mapping of various socio-demographic factors, including chronotype, in specific geographic regions. This study represents the first detailed large scale chronotyping in the Czech Republic based on data collected in the complex panel socio-demographic survey in households (total 8760 respondents) and the socio-physiological survey, in which chronotyped participants also provided blood samples (n = 1107). Chronotype assessment based on sleep phase (MCTQ questions and/or time-use diary) correlated with a self-assessed interval of best alertness. The mean chronotype of the Czech population defined as mid sleep phase (MSFsc) was 3.13 ± 0.02 h. Chronotype exhibited significant east-to-westward, north-to-southward, and settlement size-dependent gradients and was associated with age, sex, partnership, and time spent outdoors as previously demonstrated. Moreover, for subjects younger than 40 years, childcare was highly associated with earlier chronotype, while dog care was associated with later chronotype. Body mass index correlated with later chronotype in women whose extreme chronotype was also associated with lower plasma levels of protective HDL cholesterol. Based on the chronotype prevalence the results favour yearlong Standard Time as the best choice for this geographic region.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chronobiologie (obor) statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cirkadiánní hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• demografie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fotoperioda * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH