- Keywords
- vývojová dysfázie,
- MeSH
- Aphasia diagnosis etiology classification MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Management MeSH
- Tongue Diseases * classification therapy congenital MeSH
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders * diagnosis classification MeSH
- Speech Disorders diagnosis classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Practice Guideline MeSH
Despite the large variability of language symptoms, it is possible to cluster most patients with stroke induced aphasia into basic clinical syndromes of aphasia. The core dichotomy of aphasias is based on the localization of brain lesions (in anterior lesions, non-fluent aphasia occurs, while fluent aphasias develop in posterior lesions of the cerebral cortex). The degree of aphasia mostly corresponds to the extent of the lesion. Since anomia occurs in every type of aphasia, the clinical assessment consequently focuses on three language processes: speech comprehension, spontaneous speech, and repetition. We propose a simple roadmap for bedside examination, based on five steps. This algorithm allows clinicians to identify clinical syndromes of aphasias: Broca's, Wernicke's, global, conduction, transcortical motor, or transcortical sensory, and anomic aphasia.
I přes velkou variabilitu symptomů je možné většinu pacientů s vaskulární afázií zařadit do hlavních klinických syndromů afázie. Základní dichotomie afázií vychází z lokalizace mozkových lézí (u anteriorních lézí vznikají neplynulé/nonfluentní afázie, u posteriorních lézí mozkové kůry se objevují plynulé/fluentní afázie). Stupeň afázie většinou odpovídá rozsahu léze. Vzhledem k tomu, že anomie se vyskytuje u každého typu afázie, klinické vyšetření se následně zaměřuje na tři jazykové procesy: porozumění řeči, spontánní řeč a opakování. Předkládáme algoritmus vyšetření, který pomocí pěti postupných kroků umožnuje u lůžka pacienta rozpoznat klinické syndromy afázií: Brocovu, Wernickeovu, globální, kondukční, transkortikální motorickou nebo transkortikální senzorickou a anomickou afázii.
- MeSH
- Aphasia * diagnosis classification MeSH
- Anomia diagnosis MeSH
- Language Disorders diagnosis classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Speech Production Measurement methods MeSH
- Neurologic Examination methods MeSH
- Speech MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Aphasia diagnosis etiology classification physiopathology therapy MeSH
- Stroke diagnosis etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Cognition physiology MeSH
- Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis etiology classification physiopathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cerebral Cortex * anatomy & histology physiology physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- nedeklarativní paměť,
- MeSH
- Aphasia classification pathology MeSH
- Agnosia classification MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease physiopathology MeSH
- Apraxias classification MeSH
- Delirium MeSH
- Memory, Long-Term classification MeSH
- Mental Disorders physiopathology MeSH
- Executive Function MeSH
- Hippocampus physiopathology MeSH
- Cognition MeSH
- Cognitive Dysfunction * diagnosis etiology classification physiopathology pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders classification MeSH
- Memory classification MeSH
- Perceptual Disorders etiology classification pathology MeSH
- Memory Disorders etiology classification physiopathology MeSH
- Attention MeSH
- Severity of Illness Index MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
The purpose of this review is to discuss rare neurological disorders with respect to communication difficulties typical of children. Firstly, communication disorders with special focus on rare communication neurological disorders are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of literature review, the authors explore clinical studies on the most typical rare children's communication neurological disorders. Thirdly, on the basis of the findings from the clinical studies, they set a few recommendations for their medical therapies and management. The methodology was based on the literature review of research studies exploring the research issue. The findings show that the intervention strategies appear to have positive effects on the improvement of speech and language production among children suffering from Landau– Kleffner syndrome and childhood apraxia of speech. Nevertheless, randomized control trials are needed in order to accelerate and facilitate an early and relevant diagnosis and treatment management. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the most appropriate for the accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.
- MeSH
- Aphasia drug therapy classification rehabilitation MeSH
- Anticonvulsants administration & dosage MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Discrimination Learning MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Glucocorticoids administration & dosage MeSH
- Communication Disorders diagnosis drug therapy rehabilitation MeSH
- Landau-Kleffner Syndrome * diagnosis psychology therapy MeSH
- Levetiracetam administration & dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Aphasia genetics classification MeSH
- Chromosome Aberrations classification MeSH
- Dyslexia genetics MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics classification MeSH
- Stuttering genetics MeSH
- Intellectual Disability genetics complications MeSH
- Speech Disorders epidemiology genetics MeSH
- Cleft Palate etiology genetics complications MeSH
- Cleft Lip ethnology genetics complications MeSH
- Language Development Disorders * genetics MeSH
Primární progresivní afázie (PPA) jsou neurodegenerativní onemocnění se zpočátku izolovanou alterací řeči, pozvolna progredující do demence. PPA zahrnuje tři klinické jednotky, které se od sebe liší vedle klinického obrazu i nálezem zobrazovacích vyšetření a neuropatologickým podkladem. Nonfluentní/agramatická varianta má nejnižší produkci řeči s apraxií řeči, většinou se jedná o tauopatii; sémantická varianta se vyznačuje postupnou ztrátou významu slov vedoucí k těžké poruše porozumění a podkladem je proteinopatie TDP-43; a pro logopenickou variantu je příznačné výrazné narušení opakování delších vět a anomie, většinou v rámci fokální varianty Alzheimerovy nemoci. Běžné behaviorální projevy u PPA zahrnují neklid, poruchy příjmu potravy, desinhibici a iritabilitu, mnohdy v kombinaci s apatií. Včasné rozpoznání behaviorálních projevů u PPA, účinná podpůrná a farmakologická léčba a důsledná podpora pečovatelů je předpokladem dlouhodobého udržení pacientů v domácím prostředí i prevence nadměrné pečovatelské zátěže rodiny.
Primary progressive aphasias (PPA) are neurodegenerative diseases with isolated language impairment and later progression intodementia. PPA include three clinical subtypes with different clinical manifestation and underlying neuropathology. The nonfluent/agrammatic variant has the lowest language production with apraxia of speech and mostly belongs to tauopathies; the hallmarkof the semantic variant is a progressive loss of the meanings of words resulting in severe impairment of language comprehension,the underlying cause is mostly a TDP-43 proteinopathy; and the logopenic variant is typically manifesting with reducedsentence repetition and anomia, often due to Alzheimer’s disease. Behavioral manifestations in PPA typically include agitation,eating abnormalities, disinhibition and irritability, often associated with apathy. Early recognition of behavioral disturbances inPPA, adequate supportive and pharmacological treatment and concise caregiver support are prerequisites for preventing bothinstitutionalization of patients and excessive caregiver burden.
- Keywords
- nonifluentní/agramatická varianta, logopedická varianta, fokální atrofie,
- MeSH
- Aphasia classification pathology MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease MeSH
- Apraxias MeSH
- Behavioral Symptoms etiology classification pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Speech Disorders etiology classification MeSH
- Aphasia, Primary Progressive * classification complications pathology therapy MeSH
- TDP-43 Proteinopathies MeSH
- Tauopathies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
