Analýza obalu dát predstavuje užitočný model kvantitatívnej ekonomickej analýzy pre hodnotenie efektívnosti produkčných jednotiek vo verejnom sektore, pre získanie ich usporiadania a odhalenia zdrojov neefektívnosti. Možnosti analýzy obalu dát na úrovni jednotlivej LDN sme ilustrovali na príklade jednej z liečební. Výsledky, ktoré sme získali týmito analýzami, by sme mali brať ako prvotnú informáciu o efektívnosti či neefektívnosti jednotlivých zariadení. Pre prax zaujímavejšie výsledky by bolo možné získať pri hodnotení na úrovni oddelení a pri dostupnosti informácií o prípadovom mixe liečených pacientov. Ďalšou zaujímavou analýzou by mohla byť analýza vývoja efektívnosti v čase. Limitovaná dostupnosť údajov o poskytovaných službách zatiaľ neumožňuje uskutočniť porovnanie efektívnosti a kvality poskytovateľov v českom zdravotníctve.

This paper deals with a non-parametric method for efficiency evaluation - data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA evaluates efficiency of production units with the help of mathematical programming by specifying the production frontier as the most pessimistic piecewise linear envelopment of the data. In case that a hospital is inefficient the method determines the sources of inefficiency and defines corresponding target values. In this study, we analyze the sample of Czech long-term hospitals in 2005.

• MeSH
• ekonometrické modely MeSH
• ekonomika nemocniční MeSH
• financování organizované využití   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• komplexní management jakosti metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• nemocnice pro chronická onemocnění ekonomika   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The study focuses on evaluating the economic efficiency of professional football clubs. It builds on the Haas Study, which examines the effectiveness of individual clubs through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA analyses different types of inputs and outputs for homogeneous production units (in this case football clubs). The thesis proposes the modification of this model. The author considers the initial “hometown population” contribution of Haas as particularly outdated with regard to the increasing commercialisation of professional football and globalisation of the market, where the size of demand is primarily determined by the global popularity measured in terms of interest of the fans, sponsors, and television broadcasting companies. The global popularity of the club can easily be estimated at present using the number of fans in social networks. The clubs reflect this target on the side of the outputs – “increase of the number of fans in the social network”. Facebook was chosen as the representative of the social networks. The proposed model is used in the paper for calculation of the economic efficiency of the participants in the English Premier League in the 2016–2017 season.

• MeSH
• fotbal * ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální sítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Service life assessment of three historical building envelopes constructed using different types of sandstone is presented. At first, experimental measurements of material parameters of sandstones are performed to provide the necessary input data for a subsequent computational analysis. In the second step, the moisture and temperature fields across the studied envelopes are calculated for a representative period of time. The computations are performed using dynamic climatic data as the boundary conditions on the exterior side of building envelope. The climatic data for three characteristic localities are experimentally determined by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and contain hourly values of temperature, relative humidity, rainfalls, wind velocity and direction, and sun radiation. Using the measured durability properties of the analyzed sandstones and the calculated numbers of freeze/thaw cycles under different climatic conditions, the service life of the investigated building envelopes is assessed. The obtained results show that the climatic conditions can play a very significant role in the service life assessment of historical buildings, even in the conditions of such a small country as the Czech Republic. In addition, the investigations reveal the importance of the material characteristics of sandstones, in particular the hygric properties, on their service life in a structure.

• MeSH
• konstrukční materiály analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanické jevy MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Team managers and coaches need to choose the best players. The selection relies mainly on the cost and performance of the entire team. It is a common practice that several key players contribute to the overall results of the football team. The quality of players is one of the crucial features determining the failure or success of a sports team. The present article focuses on measuring player efficiency in the Czech and Danish top football competitions during the 2015/16 to 2019/20 seasons. The presented research aims to identify the most technically efficient players, considering their position on the field. The authors used an input-oriented model of data envelopment analysis and subsequently also cluster analysis to determine the best football players. The following article may be of interest to football club managers, football analysts, economists and others interested in the business of football because it combines two relatively simple methods of measuring the efficiency of football players.

Cíl studie: Cílem naší práce je prezentovat první zkušenosti s bezpečností a krátkodobým léčebným efektem mini-páskových operací MiniArc a AJUST při léčbě stresové inkontinence moči (SUI). Typ studie: Průřezová klinická studie. Pracoviště: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika VFN a 1. LF UK Praha; Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika FN Bulovka a 1. LF UK Praha; Urologické oddělení Fakultní Thomayerovy nemocnice Praha; GONA spol. s r.o., Praha; Urologické oddělení FN Ostrava-Poruba. Materiál a metodika: V článku prezentujeme stručně techniku operace, subjektivní a objektivní hodnocení efektu operace z 5 výše uvedených pracovišť, která se na studii podílela. Objektivně byl únik moči hodnocen v průběhu urodynamického vyšetření a při kašlacím testu. K subjektivnímu hodnocení úniku moči byl použit ICIQ-SF dotazník (International Consultation on Incontinence – short form). Tato studie hodnotila léčebný efekt a komplikace sdružené s operací MiniArc a AJUST a tyto výsledky vzájemně porovnávala. Do klinické studie bylo zařazeno celkem 66 žen se SUI, přičemž žádná z pacientek neprodělala dříve jiný typ antiinkontinentní operace. Tyto ženy byly náhodně obálkovou metodou rozděleny do dvou skupin, přičemž prvá skupina byla operována technikou MiniArc (n=33) a druhá technikou AJUST (n=33). Jejich průměrný věk byl 57,9 roku ve skupině AJUST a 57,7 roku ve skupině MiniArc. Průměrný body mass index byl ve skupině AJUST /MiniArc 29,2/28,7 a průměrná parita 2,09/2,24. V těchto parametrech nebyly mezi jednotlivými skupinami žen statisticky významné rozdíly. Výsledky: Léčebný efekt operace AJUST a MiniArc byl hodnocen 3 měsíce po operaci (±1 týden). Při hodnocení efektu operací bylo podle kašlacího testu celkem 61 pacientek (92 %) bez obtíží. Po operaci AJUST to bylo 31 (94 %) a MiniArc 30 (91 %) žen bez obtíží. Při subjektivním hodnocení úniku moči před operací (ICIQ-SF) bylo průměrné skóre u skupiny žen následně operovaných operací AJUST 15,4 (SD 3,39; medián 16, rozptyl 8-21) a u žen operovaných technikou MiniArc 15,5 (SD 3,3; medián 16, rozptyl 8-21). Provedená operace AJUST /MiniArc způsobila statisticky významný pokles celkového skóre o -14,09 (SD 5,18)/ -14,45 (SD 3,73), přičemž mezi jednotlivými operacemi není statisticky významný rozdíl v hodnotách poklesu skóre. Ve skupině AJUST bylo po operaci podle dotazníku ICIQ-SF celkem bez obtíží či zlepšeno 30 (91 %) žen [bez obtíží bylo 27 (81,7 %) žen], ve skupině MiniArc to bylo celkem 32 (96,9 %) žen [bez obtíží bylo 24 (72,7 %) žen]. Z urodynamického vyšetření před operací a po ní vyplývá, že mezi jednotlivými skupinami žen nebyly rozdíly před operací a ani po operaci. Změny parametrů MUCP, Q max a dalších způsobené operací též nebyly významné a mezi operovanými skupinami nebyly též statisticky významné rozdíly hodnot těchto parametrů. Peroperační a ani pooperační komplikace jsme nezaznamenali. Závěr: Naše první zkušenosti s operační metodou MiniArc a AJUST, které se týkají možných peroperačních či postoperačních komplikací a léčebného efektu operací jsou dobré. Z předběžného hodnocení léčebného efektu těchto operací po 3 měsících (±1 týden) od operace vyplývá, že tento efekt je obdobný u obou operací a pro definitivní vyhodnocení léčebného efektu je nutné zhodnotit léčebný efekt po 1 roce od provedených výkonů.

Objective: The aim of our study is to present initial experiences, with regard to safety and short-term efficacy, of mini-sling MiniArc and AJUST operations for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Design: Cross-sectional clinical study. Settings: Gynecological and Obstetric Clinic 1. LF UK and VFN Prague; Gynecological and Obstetric Clinic FN Bulovka and 1. LF UK Praha; Urological dpt. FTN Prague; GONA spol. s r.o.; Urological dpt. FN Ostrava Poruba. Materials and methods: We present briefly the technique employed in the operations, the urodynamic examination procedure before and after the operation, and the subjective and objective outcomes of these procedures from the 5 above-mentioned hospitals which participated on the study. Objectively the leakage of urine was assessed during urodynamic examination and by cough test. Subjectively leakage of urine was assessed by ICIQ-SF questionnaire (The International Consultation on Incontinence, short form). This study evaluated the cure effect and complications accompanying the MiniArc and AJUST procedures, and compared these results. The clinical study included 66 women with previously untreated stress urinary incontinence. These women were randomly divided by envelop method into two groups; the first group of patients underwent operations using the MiniArc (n=33) technique and the second group the AJUST (n=33) technique. Mean age was 57.9 years in the AJUST group and 57.7 years in the MiniArc group. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.2/28.7 in the AJUST/MiniArc groups respectively, and mean parity was 2.09/2.24. We did not find statistically significant differences between these two groups. Results: The curative rate of the MiniArc and AJUST procedure was evaluated 3 months after the operation (±1 week). We can conclude from the outcomes of the cough test that this test was negative in 61 (92%) of patients overall; in the AJUST group it was 31 (94%) of patients and in the MiniArc group 30 (91%) of patients. In the subjective evaluation of the leakage of urine before operation (ICIQ-SF) the mean score in the group of patients who subsequently underwent the AJUST operation was 15.4 (SD-3.39; median-16, range 8-21) and in women who underwent the MiniArc operation it was 15.5 (SD-3.3; median-16, range 8-21). The AJUST /MiniArc procedure caused a statistical significant decrease in the total score to -14.09(SD-5.18)/-14.45 (SD-3.73). The difference in the decrease of the score between the AJUST / MiniArc groups was not statistically significant. In the AJUST group of patients, according to the ICIQ-SF, 30 (91%) women were without problem or improved [27 (81.7%) of women were without problem], while in the MiniArc group 32 (96.9%) were without problem or improved [24 (72.7%) of women were without problem]. The urodynamic examination before and after operation indicated that there were no differences between the groups of patients either before and or after the operation. Changes in the parameters MUCP, Qmax and others caused by the operation were not significant, and there were no statistical significant differences in the values of these parameters between the groups of patients. Complications of the MiniArc and AJUST procedures were not recorded. Conclusions: Our first experiences with MiniArc and AJUST procedures, including possible complications and curative rate, are positive. From the preliminary results the cure effect of MiniArc and AJUST 3 months after the operation (±1 week) is similar. It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of these procedures one year after the operation for a definitive evaluation of the cure effect.

• Klíčová slova
• stresová inkontinence moči u žen, komplikace,
• MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metody MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• stresová inkontinence moči chirurgie   MeSH
• suburetrální pásky využití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

In recent years, most countries around the world have struggled with the consequences of budget cuts in health expenditure, obliging them to utilize their resources efficiently. In this context, performance evaluation facilitates the decision-making process in improving the efficiency of the healthcare system. However, the performance evaluation of many sectors, including the healthcare systems, is, on the one hand, a challenging issue and on the other hand a useful tool for decision- making with the aim of optimizing the use of resources. This study proposes a new methodology comprising two well-known analytical approaches: (i) data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiencies and (ii) data science to complement the DEA model in providing insightful recommendations for strategic decision making on productivity enhancement. The suggested method is a first attempt to combine two DEA extensions: flexible measure and cross-efficiency. We develop a pair of benevolent and aggressive scenarios aiming at evaluating cross-efficiency in the presence of flexible measures. Next, we perform data mining cluster analysis to create groups of homogeneous countries. Organizing the data in similar groups facilitates identifying a set of benchmarks that perform similarly in terms of operating conditions. Comparing the benchmark set with poorly performing countries we can obtain attainable goals for performance enhancement which will assist policymakers to strategically act upon it. A case study of healthcare systems in 120 countries is taken as an example to illustrate the potential application of our new method.

• MeSH
• alokace zdrojů metody   MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• efektivita organizační * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• statistické modely * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Raman microscopy permits structural analysis of protein crystals in situ in hanging drops, allowing for comparison with Raman measurements in solution. Nevertheless, the two methods sometimes reveal subtle differences in structure that are often ascribed to the water layer surrounding the protein. The novel method of drop-coating deposition Raman spectropscopy (DCDR) exploits an intermediate phase that, although nominally "dry," has been shown to preserve protein structural features present in solution. The potential of this new approach to bridge the structural gap between proteins in solution and in crystals is explored here with extrinsic protein PsbP of photosystem II from Spinacia oleracea. In the high-resolution (1.98 Å) x-ray crystal structure of PsbP reported here, several segments of the protein chain are present but unresolved. Analysis of the three kinds of Raman spectra of PsbP suggests that most of the subtle differences can indeed be attributed to the water envelope, which is shown here to have a similar Raman intensity in glassy and crystal states. Using molecular dynamics simulations cross-validated by Raman solution data, two unresolved segments of the PsbP crystal structure were modeled as loops, and the amino terminus was inferred to contain an additional beta segment. The complete PsbP structure was compared with that of the PsbP-like protein CyanoP, which plays a more peripheral role in photosystem II function. The comparison suggests possible interaction surfaces of PsbP with higher-plant photosystem II. This work provides the first complete structural picture of this key protein, and it represents the first systematic comparison of Raman data from solution, glassy, and crystalline states of a protein.

• MeSH
• aminokyselinové motivy MeSH
• fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) chemie   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny chemie   MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• Spinacia oleracea chemie   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vodíková vazba MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Darunavir is the most recently approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease (PR) inhibitor (PI) and is active against many HIV type 1 PR variants resistant to earlier-generation PIs. Darunavir shows a high genetic barrier to resistance development, and virus strains with lower sensitivity to darunavir have a higher number of PI resistance-associated mutations than viruses resistant to other PIs. In this work, we have enzymologically and structurally characterized a number of highly mutated clinically derived PRs with high levels of phenotypic resistance to darunavir. With 18 to 21 amino acid residue changes, the PR variants studied in this work are the most highly mutated HIV PR species ever studied by means of enzyme kinetics and X-ray crystallography. The recombinant proteins showed major defects in substrate binding, while the substrate turnover was less affected. Remarkably, the overall catalytic efficiency of the recombinant PRs (5% that of the wild-type enzyme) is still sufficient to support polyprotein processing and particle maturation in the corresponding viruses. The X-ray structures of drug-resistant PRs complexed with darunavir suggest that the impaired inhibitor binding could be explained by change in the PR-inhibitor hydrogen bond pattern in the P2' binding pocket due to a substantial shift of the aminophenyl moiety of the inhibitor. Recombinant virus phenotypic characterization, enzyme kinetics, and X-ray structural analysis thus help to explain darunavir resistance development in HIV-positive patients.

• MeSH
• genové produkty env - virus lidské imunodeficience metabolismus   MeSH
• genové produkty gag - virus lidské imunodeficience metabolismus   MeSH
• HIV infekce virologie   MeSH
• HIV-1 izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• HIV-proteasa genetika   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory HIV-proteasy farmakologie   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• missense mutace MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• polyproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin MeSH
• sulfonamidy farmakologie   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• virová léková rezistence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Interictal epileptiform discharges (spikes, IEDs) are electrographic markers of epileptic tissue and their quantification is utilized in planning of surgical resection. Visual analysis of long-term multi-channel intracranial recordings is extremely laborious and prone to bias. Development of new and reliable techniques of automatic spike detection represents a crucial step towards increasing the information yield of intracranial recordings and to improve surgical outcome. In this study, we designed a novel and robust detection algorithm that adaptively models statistical distributions of signal envelopes and enables discrimination of signals containing IEDs from signals with background activity. This detector demonstrates performance superior both to human readers and to an established detector. It is even capable of identifying low-amplitude IEDs which are often missed by experts and which may represent an important source of clinical information. Application of the detector to non-epileptic intracranial data from patients with intractable facial pain revealed the existence of sharp transients with waveforms reminiscent of interictal discharges that can represent biological sources of false positive detections. Identification of these transients enabled us to develop and propose secondary processing steps, which may exclude these transients, improving the detector's specificity and having important implications for future development of spike detectors in general.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• chronická bolest diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• epilepsie diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• falešně negativní reakce MeSH
• falešně pozitivní reakce MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• obličejová bolest diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• rozpoznávání automatizované metody   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the most important human neuroinfections across Eurasia. Up to date, only three full genome sequences of human European TBEV isolates are available, mostly due to difficulties with isolation of the virus from human patients. Here we present full genome characterization of an additional five low-passage TBEV strains isolated from human patients with severe forms of TBE. These strains were isolated in 1953 within Central Bohemia in the former Czechoslovakia, and belong to the historically oldest human TBEV isolates in Europe. We demonstrate here that all analyzed isolates are distantly phylogenetically related, indicating that the emergence of TBE in Central Europe was not caused by one predominant strain, but rather a pool of distantly related TBEV strains. Nucleotide identity between individual sequenced TBEV strains ranged from 97.5% to 99.6% and all strains shared large deletions in the 3' non-coding region, which has been recently suggested to be an important determinant of virulence. The number of unique amino acid substitutions varied from 3 to 9 in individual isolates, but no characteristic amino acid substitution typical exclusively for all human TBEV isolates was identified when compared to the isolates from ticks. We did, however, correlate that the exploration of the TBEV envelope glycoprotein by specific antibodies were in close proximity to these unique amino acid substitutions. Taken together, we report here the largest number of patient-derived European TBEV full genome sequences to date and provide a platform for further studies on evolution of TBEV since the first emergence of human TBE in Europe.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely strukturální MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH