interoception
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Trait anxiety is characterized as a constant and often subliminal state that persists during daily life. Interoception is the perception of internal states and sensations, including from the autonomic nervous system. This review aims to develop a predictive model to explain the emergence, manifestations, and maintenance of trait anxiety. The model begins with the assumption that anxiety states arise from active interoceptive inference. The subsequent activation of autonomic responses results from aversive sensory encounters. A cognitive model is proposed for trait anxiety that includes the aversive sensory components from interoception, exteroception, and proprioception. A further component of the hypothesis is that repeated exposure to subliminal anxiety-evoking sensory elements can lead to an overgeneralization of this response to other inputs that are generally non-aversive. Increased uncertainty may result when predicting the sensory environment, resulting in arbitrary interoceptive anxiety responses that may be due to unjustifiable causes. Arbitrary successful or unsuccessful matching of predictions and responses reduces the individual's confidence to maintain the anxiety trait. In this review, the application of the proposed model is illustrated using gut microbial dysbiosis or imbalance of the gut microbiome.
- MeSH
- dysbióza patofyziologie MeSH
- interocepce fyziologie MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra fyziologie MeSH
- úzkost patofyziologie MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In the present study, we investigated the modulatory influence of the unconscious, bodily arousal on motor-related embodied information. Specifically, we examined how the interoceptive prediction error interacts with the event-related potentials linked to action-effect processing. Participants were asked to perform a task with self-initiated or externally-triggered sounds while receiving synchronous or false auditory cardiac feedback. The results found that interaction of interoceptive manipulation and action-effect processing modulates the frontal subcomponent of the P3 response. During the synchronous cardiac feedback, the P3 response to self-initiated tones was enhanced. During the false cardiac feedback, the frontal cortical response was reversed. N1 and P2 components were affected by the interoceptive manipulation, but not by the interaction of interoception and action processing. These findings provide experimental support for the theoretical accounts of the interaction between interoception and action processing within a framework of predictive coding, manifested particularly in the higher stages of action processing.
- MeSH
- arousal MeSH
- evokované potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- interocepce * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senzorická zpětná vazba MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Research suggests that disrupted interoception contributes to the development and maintenance of functional neurological disorder (FND); however, no functional neuroimaging studies have examined the processing of interoceptive signals in patients with FND. METHODS: The authors examined univariate and multivariate functional MRI neural responses of 38 patients with mixed FND and 38 healthy control individuals (HCs) during a task exploring goal-directed attention to cardiac interoception-versus-control (exteroception or rest) conditions. The relationships between interoception-related neural responses, heartbeat-counting accuracy, and interoceptive trait prediction error (ITPE) were also investigated for FND patients. RESULTS: When attention was directed to heartbeat signals versus exteroception or rest tasks, FND patients showed decreased neural activations (and reduced coactivations) in the right anterior insula and bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortices (among other areas), compared with HCs. For FND patients, heartbeat-counting accuracy was positively correlated with right anterior insula and ventromedial prefrontal activations during interoception versus rest. Cardiac interoceptive accuracy was also correlated with bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate activations in the interoception-versus-exteroception contrast, and neural activations were correlated with ITPE scores, showing inverse relationships to those observed for heartbeat-counting accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified state and trait interoceptive disruptions in FND patients. Convergent between- and within-group findings contextualize the pathophysiological role of cingulo-insular (salience network) areas across the spectrum of functional seizures and functional movement disorder. These findings provide a starting point for the future development of comprehensive neurophysiological assessments of interoception for FND patients, features that also warrant research as potential prognostic and monitoring biomarkers.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interocepce * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému * patofyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- pozornost fyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Damasio předpokládá, že emoce jsou částí mnohovrstevného, hierarchického, evolučně daného neuronálního mechanismu, jehož smysl je uchování homeostázy organismu. Součástí tohoto mechanismu a tzv. emočního pozadí je Craigova interocepce, systém rozlišující fysiologický stav organismu. Aktivitu homeostatických aferent, která reflektuje fysiologický stav tkání a orgánů, reprezentují primáti v zadní insulární kůře. U lidí se prokazuje metareprezentace primární interoceptivní aktivity v přední insulární kůře a dalších částech mozku. Interoceptivní „vědomí“ ovlivňuje ekonomickou racionalitu a zvyšuje aktivitu insulární kůry v průběhu empatického procesu.
Damasio proposes that emotions are part of multi-tiered, hierarchical and evolutionary set neural mechanisms aimed at maintaining organism homeostasis. Part of this mechanism and so-called emotional background is Craig's interoception, the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Primates have a distinct cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity in the posterior insula. In humans there exists metarepresentation of the primary interoceptive activity in the anterior insula and other parts of the brain. Interoceptive awareness drives increased rational decision-making and enhances neural activity during empathy.
- Klíčová slova
- interoceptivní systém, insula,
- MeSH
- aferentní nervové dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- empatie fyziologie MeSH
- homeostáza fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mozková kůra anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť fyziologie MeSH
- nervová vlákna myelinizovaná fyziologie MeSH
- nervová vlákna nemyelinizovaná fyziologie MeSH
- neurovědy MeSH
- uvědomování si fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
8, 151 s. : il.
This review presents current research and scientific knowledge in body mind sciences through the lens of interoception, as a representative of the body; and time perspective, as the representative of the mind. This intertwining dichotomy has been a subject of discourse in many fields, all having the common denominator of consciousness. Our aim is to expand on the congruities of these seemingly deconstructed worlds-of science and philosophy, of the body and the mind, to show that the place of consciousness lies in the zone between these two. Being aware of the body in the present moment. We introduce interoception and time perspective, focusing on how interoceptive signals are depicted in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation, and how this relates to the concept of a balanced time perspective (BTP), a highly adaptive psychological characteristic. Time perspective and interoception are also reviewed in the case of clinical conditions. We assess findings on interoceptive pathways in the body, finding convergence with balanced time perspective through the neuroanatomical lens. We conclude with findings that both dysregulated interoceptive states and a time perspective disbalance are recognized as defining features of mental disorders, proposing prospective practical therapeutic approaches, as well as implications for further research in the field.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In motor functional neurological disorders (mFND), relationships between interoception (a construct of high theoretical relevance to its pathophysiology) and neuroanatomy have not been previously investigated. This study characterized white matter in mFND patients compared to healthy controls (HCs), and investigated associations between fiber bundle integrity and cardiac interoception. Voxel-based analysis and tractography quantified fractional anisotropy (FA) in 38 mFND patients compared to 38 HCs. Secondary analyses compared functional seizures (FND-seiz; n = 21) or functional movement disorders (n = 17) to HCs. Network lesion mapping identified gray matter origins of implicated fiber bundles. Within-group mFND analyses investigated relationships between FA, heartbeat tracking accuracy and interoceptive trait prediction error (discrepancies between interoceptive accuracy and self-reported bodily awareness). Results were corrected for multiple comparisons, and all findings were adjusted for depression and trait anxiety. mFND and HCs did not show any between-group interoceptive accuracy or FA differences. However, the FND-seiz subgroup compared to HCs showed decreased integrity in right-lateralized tracts: extreme capsule/inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and thalamic/striatum to occipital cortex projections. These alterations originated predominantly from the right temporoparietal junction and inferior temporal gyrus. In mFND patients, individual differences in interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive trait prediction error correlated with fiber bundle integrity originating from the insula, temporoparietal junction, putamen and thalamus among other regions. In this first study investigating brain-interoception relationships in mFND, individual differences in interoceptive accuracy and trait prediction error mapped onto multimodal integration-related fiber bundles. Right-lateralized limbic and associative tract disruptions distinguished FND-seiz from HCs.
- MeSH
- bílá hmota * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- biologická variabilita populace fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interocepce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozková kůra MeSH
- pohybové poruchy * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- psychologická anticipace fyziologie MeSH
- šedá hmota * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- zobrazování difuzních tenzorů * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
157 s. : il.
