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Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor and non-motor symptoms, suggesting alterations of the motor and/or limbic system or more probably of their communications. We hypothesized that the communication between the insula (part of the limbic system) and sensorimotor cortex in PD is altered and hemispheric asymmetric. Furthermore, that this asymmetry relates to non-motor symptoms, and specifically, that apathy-related asymmetry is unique to PD. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel multivariate time-frequency analysis method applied to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 28 controls and 25 participants with PD measured in their OFF medication state. The analysis infers directionality of coupling, that is, afferent or efferent, among four anatomical regions, thus defining directed pathways of information flow, which enables the extension of symmetry measures to include directionality. A major right asymmetry reduction of the dorsal-posterior insula efferent and a slight bilateral increase of insula afferent pathways were observed in participants with PD versus controls. Between-group pathways that correlated with mild cognitive impairments combined the central-executive and default-mode networks through the right insula. Apathy-correlated pathways of the posterior insula in participants with PD versus controls exhibited reduced right efferent and increased left afferent. Because apathy scores were comparable between the groups and effects of the other motor and non-motor symptoms were statistically removed by the analysis, the differences in apathy-correlated pathways were suggested as unique to PD. These pathways could be predictors in the pre-symptomatic phase in patients with apathy.
Purpose: Transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) of brain parenchyma is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for movement disorders. Accordingly, experimental B-Mode Assist software was developed to enable digitized analysis of the echogenicity of predefined brain regions. The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility of digitized TCS image analysis of the insula. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients with an indication for neurosonological examination were screened for participation in the study. The insula was imaged from the right temporal bone window using Virtual Navigator and TCS-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) fusion imaging. All subjects were examined three times by two experienced sonographers. Corresponding images of the insula in the axial thalamic plane were encoded and digitally analyzed. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for the assessment of intra- and inter-reader as well as intra- and inter-investigator reliabilities. Results: TCS images of 114 patients were evaluated (21 patients with TIA, 53 patients with headache, 18 patients with essential tremor, 22 patients with neurodegerative disease). 16 patients were excluded from analysis due to insufficient bone window. The intra-reader, inter-reader, intra-investigator and inter-investigator ICCs/Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were 0.995/0.993, 0.937/0.921, 0.969/0.961 and 0.875/0.858, resp. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a high reliability to reproduce echogenicity values of the insula using digitized image analysis and TCS-MRI fusion images with almost perfect intra-reader, inter-reader, intra-investigator and inter-investigator agreement.
- MeSH
- bolesti hlavy diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- esenciální tremor diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- kontrastní látky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování metody MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- thalamus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- tranzitorní ischemická ataka diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální metody MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of schizophrenia could improve the outcomes and limit the negative effects of untreated illness. Although participants with schizophrenia show aberrant functional connectivity in brain networks, these between-group differences have a limited diagnostic utility. Novel methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses, such as machine learning (ML), may help bring neuroimaging from the bench to the bedside. Here, we used ML to differentiate participants with a first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (FES) from healthy controls based on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). METHOD: We acquired resting-state functional MRI data from 63 patients with FES who were individually matched by age and sex to 63 healthy controls. We applied linear kernel support vector machines (SVM) to rsFC within the default mode network, the salience network and the central executive network. RESULTS: The SVM applied to the rsFC within the salience network distinguished the FES from the control participants with an accuracy of 73.0% (p = 0.001), specificity of 71.4% and sensitivity of 74.6%. The classification accuracy was not significantly affected by medication dose, or by the presence of psychotic symptoms. The functional connectivity within the default mode or the central executive networks did not yield classification accuracies above chance level. CONCLUSIONS: Seed-based functional connectivity maps can be utilized for diagnostic classification, even early in the course of schizophrenia. The classification was probably based on trait rather than state markers, as symptoms or medications were not significantly associated with classification accuracy. Our results support the role of the anterior insula/salience network in the pathophysiology of FES.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- konektom metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- schizofrenie diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- support vector machine * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Transcranial sonography (TCS) can reveal pathology in brain structures including insula. This study compared insula echogenicity among 22 patients with Wilson's disease (WD), 21 patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EO-PD) and 24 healthy patients. Echogenicity of predefined brain structures (insula, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei) was evaluated using digitized analysis of TCS fusion imaging with magnetic resonance. Cortical, subcortical and cerebellar atrophy and ventricle diameters were determined from magnetic resonance images. The mean echogenicity index of insula did not differ between males and females (p = 0.92), but the echogenicity of insula was higher in patients with WD than in patients with EO-PD and healthy patients (p < 0.05). The substantia nigra echogenicity was higher in patients with EO-PD, and lentiform nucleus echogenicity was higher in patients with WD (p < 0.05). The echogenicity of insula correlated with lentiform nucleus echogenicity (r = 0.75) but not with age (r = -0.14), disease duration (r = -0.36), symptom severity (r = 0.28), cortical (r = 0.11) nor subcortical (r = 0.05) atrophy.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Symptomatic overlap of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Mania in medical history remains the only reliable distinguishing marker which is problematic given that episodes of depression compared to episodes of mania are more frequent and predominantly present at the beginning of BD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive, task-free, and well-tolerated method that may provide diagnostic markers acquired from spontaneous neural activity. Previous rs-fMRI studies focused on differentiating BD from MDD depression were inconsistent in their findings due to low sample power, heterogeneity of compared samples, and diversity of analytical methods. This meta-analysis investigated resting-state activity differences in BD and MDD depression using activation likelihood estimation. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for whole-brain rs-fMRI studies which compared MDD and BD currently depressed patients between Jan 2000 and August 2020. Ten studies were included, representing 234 BD and 296 MDD patients. The meta-analysis found increased activity in the left insula and adjacent area in MDD compared to BD. The finding suggests that the insula is involved in neural activity patterns during resting-state that can be potentially used as a biomarker differentiating both disorders.
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mozek patofyziologie MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- inzulární epilepsie,
- MeSH
- epilepsie * patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- insulární kortex patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECT: Epilepsy surgery is an effective treatment for selected patients with focal intractable epilepsy. Complete removal of the epileptogenic zone significantly increases the chances for postoperative seizure-freedom. In complex surgical candidates, delineation of the epileptogenic zone requires a long-term invasive video/EEG from intracranial electrodes. It is especially challenging to achieve a complete resection in deep brain structures such as opercular-insular cortex. We report a novel approach utilizing intraoperative visual detection of stereotactically implanted depth electrodes to inform and guide the extent of surgical resection. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of pediatric patients operated in Motol Epilepsy Center between October 2010 and June 2020 who underwent resections guided by intraoperative visual detection of depth electrodes following SEEG. The outcome in terms of seizure- and AED-freedom was assessed individually in each patient. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (age at surgery 2.9-18.6 years, median 13 years) were included in the study. The epileptogenic zone involved opercular-insular cortex in eighteen patients. The intraoperative detection of the electrodes was successful in seventeen patients and the surgery was regarded complete in sixteen. Thirteen patients were seizure-free at final follow-up including six drug-free cases. The successful intraoperative detection of the electrodes was associated with favorable outcome in terms of achieving complete resection and seizure-freedom in most cases. On the contrary, the patients in whom the procedure failed had poor postsurgical outcome. CONCLUSION: The reported technique helps to achieve the complete resection in challenging patients with the epileptogenic zone in deep brain structures.
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
1 svazek : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm
Observační, kontrolovaná, průřezová MR studie u 55 pacientů s první epizodou onemocnění schizofrenního okruhu (dg. ICD-10 schizofrenie /F20/, akutní psychotická porucha s příznaky schizofrenie /F23.1/ a schizoformní porucha /F 23.2/) a 55 zdravých kontrolních subjektů odpovídajících věkem, pohlavím a vzděláním. U zařazených jedinců bude provedena voxel-based morfometrie a protonová magnetická spektroskopie (se zaměřením na koncentraci N-acetyl aspartátu) v oblasti zájmu, která zahrnuje insulu oboustranně. Dále bude provedena funkční magnetická rezonance s aktivačním paradigmatem pro oblast přední insuly.; Observational, controlled, cross-sectional MRI study in 55 patients experiencing their first episode of a schizophrenic disorder (ICD-10 dg. schizophrenia /F20/, acute psychotic disorder with symptoms of schizophrena /F23.1/, and schizophreniform disorder /F 23.2/) and 55 healthy controls matched for age, sex and education. In the enrolled subjects, voxel-based morphometry and proton magnetic spectroscopy (focusing on the concentration of N-acetyl aspartate) will be performed in the region of interest, which comprises insula bilaterally. In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging with activation paradigm for the anterior insula will be performed.
- MeSH
- Callejovy ostrůvky MeSH
- centrální nervový systém abnormality MeSH
- cingulární gyrus MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované jako téma MeSH
- magnetická rezonance intervenční MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- mozková kůra MeSH
- neurobiologie MeSH
- poruchy vědomí MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
- protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- schizofrenie MeSH
- šedá hmota MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
Damasio předpokládá, že emoce jsou částí mnohovrstevného, hierarchického, evolučně daného neuronálního mechanismu, jehož smysl je uchování homeostázy organismu. Součástí tohoto mechanismu a tzv. emočního pozadí je Craigova interocepce, systém rozlišující fysiologický stav organismu. Aktivitu homeostatických aferent, která reflektuje fysiologický stav tkání a orgánů, reprezentují primáti v zadní insulární kůře. U lidí se prokazuje metareprezentace primární interoceptivní aktivity v přední insulární kůře a dalších částech mozku. Interoceptivní „vědomí“ ovlivňuje ekonomickou racionalitu a zvyšuje aktivitu insulární kůry v průběhu empatického procesu.
Damasio proposes that emotions are part of multi-tiered, hierarchical and evolutionary set neural mechanisms aimed at maintaining organism homeostasis. Part of this mechanism and so-called emotional background is Craig's interoception, the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Primates have a distinct cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity in the posterior insula. In humans there exists metarepresentation of the primary interoceptive activity in the anterior insula and other parts of the brain. Interoceptive awareness drives increased rational decision-making and enhances neural activity during empathy.
- Klíčová slova
- interoceptivní systém, insula,
- MeSH
- aferentní nervové dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- empatie fyziologie MeSH
- homeostáza fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mozková kůra anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť fyziologie MeSH
- nervová vlákna myelinizovaná fyziologie MeSH
- nervová vlákna nemyelinizovaná fyziologie MeSH
- neurovědy MeSH
- uvědomování si fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
Ostia bylo přístavní město ležící na levém břehu Tibery, které založil údajně již v 7. století př. Kr. král Ancus Marcius. Sloužilo jako hlavní přístav města Říma. Již v průběhu republikánské doby se Ostia stala poměrně velkým městem s rozvinutou infrastrukturou, ale převažující činností města bylo skladování a překládání zboží určeného pro Řím. V průběhu archeologických výzkumů byla objevena celá řada památek – uměleckých (např. reliéfní náhrobní stély) i epigrafických (nápisy) – a několik staveb týkajících se dějin lékařství v antické době. V tomto článku jsou prezentovány architektonické památky – svatyně antických léčivých božstev. V severovýchodní části tzv. Posvátného okrsku republikánských chrámů se nacházejí zbytky tzv. tetrasylového chrámu (Regio I, Insula XV, 2). Jde o obdélný pódiový chrám z konce 2. století př. Kr. Pravděpodobně byl zasvěcen Aesculapovi a jeho dceři Hygiei, hlavním léčebným božstvům antiky, kteří byli do římského panteonu převzati od Řeků ve 3. století př. Kr. V Ostii byly rovněž objeveny dvě svatyně bohyně jménem Bona Dea. Bona Dea neboli Dobrá bohyně byla římským božstvem čistoty, počestnosti, plodnosti a léčení, uctívaná téměř výlučně ženami. Jedna její svatyně se nachází v Regio V, Insula X, 2 a byla postavena již na počátku 2. století př. Kr. V první polovině 1. století byla vystavěna druhá svatyně Bona Dea v Ostii, nacházející se v Regio IV, Insula VIII, 3. V Ostii byla odkryta celá řada lázeňských komplexů, což ukazuje na důležitou roli hygieny v životě jejích obyvatel. Máme zde rovněž epigraficky i ikonograficky doloženo několik lékařů a snad i lékařskou školu. Všechny tyto artefakty i zde prezentované architektonické zbytky svatyní potvrzují hypotézu, že zdraví patřilo mezi důležité hodnoty zdejšího obyvatelstva, o něž bylo důsledně pečováno.
Ostia was the main port of ancient Rome, situated on the left bank of Tiber River. According to the tradition, it was founded by the king Ancus Marcius in the 7th century BC. Already in the Republican era, Ostia became a quite big town with a developed infrastructure, but the main functions and activities in the town were connected to the storing and reloading of goods (especially grain) for Rome. During archaeological excavations a lot of artefacts – both artistic (e.g. relief tombstones) and epigraphic (inscriptions – and several buildings related to the history of ancient medicine were discovered. In this paper, architectural monuments – sanctuaries of ancient healing deities – are presented. In the north-east part of the sc. Sacred Area of the Republican Temples the remains of the sc. Tetra style Temple are located (Regio I, Insula XV, 2). It is a rectangular temple built on a podium at the end of the 2nd century BC. It was probably dedicated to Aesculapius and his daughter Hygeia, the main healing deities of the Antiquity, who were incorporated into the Roman pantheon from the Greeks in the 3rd century BC. In Ostia, two sanctuaries of Bona Dea were also discovered. Bona Dea (Good Goddess) was a Roman deity of purity, fertility and health, worshipped almost exclusively by women. One of her shrines is located in Regio V, Insula X, 2 and was built already at the beginning of the 2nd century BC. In the first half of the 1st century the second shrine of this goddess was built in Ostia, in Regio IV, Insula VIII, 3. In Ostia a lot of complexes of baths were uncovered, which points to the important role of hygiene in the life of its inhabitants. Also, the existence of several doctors and possibly of a medical school is documented by the iconographic sources and inscriptions. All these artefacts and presented architectural remains of the sanctuaries confirm the hypothesis that the health ranked among the important values of the local population, which were decisively looked after..
- MeSH
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náboženství a lékařství MeSH
- spiritualita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny starověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH