BACKGROUND: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into any cell type in the human body and to proliferate indefinitely. Cell therapies involving hESC have shown very promising results for the treatment of certain diseases and confirmed the safety of hESC-derived cells for humans. They are used in cell therapy, mainly in targeted therapy of diseases that are currently incurable. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the derivation of clinical-grade hESCs usable in drug development, non-native medicine and cell therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Embryos were thawed, cultivated to the blastocyst stage if necessary, and assisted hatching was subsequently performed. Embryoblasts were mechanically isolated using narrow needles. Each line was kept as a separate batch. The derived hESCs were cultured under hypoxic culture conditions (5% O2, 5% CO2, 37°C) in a NutriStem® hPSC XF Medium with a daily medium change. RESULTS: From January 2018 to July 2020, 138 selected clients were asked for consent to donate embryos, of whom 52 did not respond, 19 terminated the storage of their embryos and 29 extended the storage. Only 38 clients (27.5%) agreed to donate embryos for the derivation of hESCs. At the same time, personal communication with clients took place and another 17 embryo donors were recruited. A total of 160 embryos from 55 donors aged 26-42 years were collected. The embryos were frozen at the blastocyst (33.1%) or morula (46.3%) stage. After the preparation of 64 embryos, embryoblasts were isolated and cultured. Finally, 7 hESC lines were obtained, 4 research-grade and 3 clinical-grade, the first in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS: We established a current good manufacturing practice (cGMP)-defined xeno-free and feeder-free system for the derivation, culture and banking of clinical-grade hESC lines that are suitable for preclinical and clinical trials. The quality control testing with criteria concerning sterility, safety and characterization according to cGMP ensured the clinical-grade quality of hESC lines.

• MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• embryo savčí MeSH
• embryonální kmenové buňky * MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Background: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are the source of multipotent stem cells, which are important for regenerative medicine and diagnostic purposes. The isolation of human BMSCs from the bone marrow (BM) cavity using BM aspiration applies the method with collection into tubes containing anticoagulants. Interactions with anticoagulants may affect the characteristics and composition of isolated BMSCs in the culture. Thus, we investigated how anticoagulants in isolation procedures and cultivation affect BMSC molecular characteristics. Methods: BM donors (age: 48-85 years) were recruited from the hematology clinic. BM aspirates were obtained from the iliac crest and divided into tubes coated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin anticoagulants. Isolated BMSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis. Further cellular and molecular characterizations of BMSCs including CFU, proliferation and differentiation assays, cytometry, bioenergetic assays, metabolomics, immunostaining, and RT-qPCR were performed. Results: The paired samples of isolated BMSCs obtained from the same patient showed increased cellular yield in heparin vs. EDTA samples, accompanied by the increased number of CFU colonies. However, no significant changes in molecular characteristics were found between heparin- and EDTA-isolated BMSCs. On the other hand, RNA-seq analysis revealed an increased expression of genes involved in nucleotide metabolism and cellular metabolism in cultivated vs. non-cultivated BMSCs regardless of the anticoagulant, while genes involved in inflammation and chromatin remodeling were decreased in cultivated vs. non-cultivated BMSCs. Conclusion: The type of anticoagulant in BMSC isolation did not have a significant impact on molecular characteristics and cellular composition, while in vitro cultivation caused the major change in the transcriptomics of BMSCs, which is important for future protocols using BMSCs in regenerative medicine and clinics.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder associated with recurrent and chronic respiratory infections due to functional defects of motile cilia. In this study, we aimed to elucidate inflammatory and proliferative responses in PCD respiratory epithelium and evaluate the effect of Azithromycin (AZT) on these responses. Airway basal cells (BCs) were isolated from nasal samples of Wild-type (WT) epitope of healthy donors and PCD donors with bi-allelic mutations in DNAH5, DNAH11 and CCDC39. Cells were expanded in vitro and stimulated with either Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle control. Post stimulation, cells were treated with either Azithromycin (AZT) or vehicle control. Cell proliferation was imaged in real-time. Separately, BCs from the same donors were expanded and grown at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to generate a multi-ciliated epithelium (MCE). Once fully mature, cells were stimulated with LPS, AZT, LPS + AZT or vehicle control. Inflammatory profiling was performed on collected media by cytokine Luminex assay. At baseline, there was a significantly higher mean production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CCDC39 BCs and MCEs when compared to WT, DNAH11 and DNAH5 cells. AZT inhibited production of cytokines induced by LPS in PCD cells. Differences in cell proliferation were noted in PCD and this was also corrected with AZT treatment.

• MeSH
• azithromycin * farmakologie   MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• epitelové buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy toxicita   MeSH
• poruchy ciliární motility * MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Isolation of RNA from whole saliva, a non-invasive and easily accessible biofluid that is an attractive alternative to blood for high-throughput biodosimetry of radiological/nuclear victims might be of clinical significance for prediction and diagnosis of disease. In a previous analysis of 12 human samples we identified two challenges to measuring gene expression from total RNA: (1) the fraction of human RNA in whole saliva was low and (2) the bacterial contamination was overwhelming. To overcome these challenges, we performed selective cDNA synthesis for human RNA species only by employing poly(A)+-tail primers followed by qRT-PCR. In the current study, this approach was independently validated on 91 samples from 61 healthy donors. Additionally, we used the ratio of human to bacterial RNA to adjust the input RNA to include equal amounts of human RNA across all samples before cDNA synthesis, which then ensured comparable analysis using the same base human input material. Furthermore, we examined relative levels of ten known housekeeping genes, and assessed inter- and intra-individual differences in 61 salivary RNA isolates, while considering effects of demographical factors (e.g. sex, age), epidemiological factors comprising social habits (e.g. alcohol, cigarette consumption), oral hygiene (e.g. flossing, mouthwash), previous radiological diagnostic procedures (e.g. number of CT-scans) and saliva collection time (circadian periodic). Total human RNA amounts appeared significantly associated with age only (P ≤ 0.02). None of the chosen housekeeping genes showed significant circadian periodicity and either did not associate or were weakly associated with the 24 confounders examined, with one exception, 60% of genes were altered by mouthwash. ATP6, ACTB and B2M represented genes with the highest mean baseline expression (Ct-values ≤ 30) and were detected in all samples. Combining these housekeeping genes for normalization purposes did not decrease inter-individual variance, but increased the robustness. In summary, our work addresses critical confounders and provides important information for the successful examination of gene expression in human whole saliva.

• MeSH
• bakteriální RNA MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• esenciální geny * MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• komplementární DNA MeSH
• kontaminace DNA MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• RNA izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sliny metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The objective of the present study was to evaluate platelet mitochondrial oxygen consumption using high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and metabolic flux analysis (MFA) and to verify the effect of advanced age on these parameters. HRR was used to analyze permeabilized and intact platelets, MFA to measure oxygen consumption rates (OCR), extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) and ATP production rate in intact fixed platelets. Two groups of healthy volunteers were included in the study: YOUNG (20-42 years, n=44) and older adults (OLD; 70-89 years; n=15). Compared to YOUNG donors, platelets from group OLD participants displayed significantly lower values of oxygen consumption in the Complex II-linked phosphorylating and uncoupled states and the Complex IV activity in HRR protocols for permeabilized cells and significantly lower resting and uncoupled respirations in intact cells when analyzed by both methods. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production rate was also significantly lower in platelets isolated from older adults. Variables measured by both methods from the same bloods correlated significantly, nevertheless those acquired by MFA were higher than those measured using HRR. In conclusion, the study verifies compromised mitochondrial respiration and oxidative ATP production in the platelets of aged persons and documents good compatibility of the two most widely used methods for determining the global performance of the electron-transporting system, i.e. HRR and MFA.

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát metabolismus   MeSH
• analýza metabolického toku metody   MeSH
• buněčné dýchání MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• stárnutí krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• trombocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

It is primarily important to define the standard features and factors that affect dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for their broader use in tissue engineering. This study aimed to verify whether DPSCs isolated from various teeth extracted from the same donor exhibit intra-individual variability and what the consequences are for their differentiation potential. The heterogeneity determination was based on studying the proliferative capacity, viability, expression of phenotypic markers, and relative length of telomere chromosomes. The study included 14 teeth (6 molars and 8 premolars) from six different individuals ages 12 to 16. We did not observe any significant intra-individual variability in DPSC size, proliferation rate, viability, or relative telomere length change within lineages isolated from different teeth but the same donor. The minor non-significant variances in phenotype were probably mainly because DPSC cell lines comprised heterogeneous groups of undifferentiated cells independent of the donor. The other variances were seen in DPSC lineages isolated from the same donor, but the teeth were in different stages of root development. We also did not observe any changes in the ability of cells to differentiate into mature cell lines-chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. This study is the first to analyze the heterogeneity of DPSC dependent on a donor.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• chondrocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• dárci tkání MeSH
• individuální biologická variabilita MeSH
• kmenové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• osteocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• tukové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• zubní dřeň fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl práce: Práce se zabývá klinickou částí výzkumu lidských embryonálních kmenových buněk (hESC). Cílem projektu je vznik somatických buněčných typů použitelných ve vývoji léčiv, regenerativní medicíně a buněčné terapii. Výhledem je umožnit cílenou terapii dosud nevyléčitelné nemoci. Pluripotentní hESC mají neomezenou kapacitu pro sebeobnovu. Této vlastnosti se využívá v terapii, kdy jsou z hESC vytvořeny chybějící nebo poškozené buňky v lidském těle. Je zájem vytvořit hESC linie v klinické kvalitě, použitelné v předklinických a klinických studiích. Metodika: Vytvoření hESC musí respektovat legislativu ČR a EU. Podmínkou bylo vypracovat informovaný souhlas obou dárců pro darovaná vyřazená embrya, která nejsou vhodná pro léčbu oplodněním in vitro dle směrnice 2004/23/ES. Centrum asistované reprodukce (CAR) FN Brno se podílí na odběru oocytů, kultivaci a kryokonzervaci embryí, komunikaci s klienty a zajišťování informovaných souhlasů dárců embryí. Byl vypracován předávací protokol a metodika předávání rozmrazených embryí s originálním číselným kódem. Před předáním embryí na spoluautorské pracoviště – Centrum buněčného a tkáňového inženýrství (CTEF) ICRC FN u sv. Anny – je provedeno jejich rozmrazení, v případě potřeby dokultivování do stadia blastocysty, a následně je proveden asistovaný hatching. Výsledky: V období leden 2018 až červenec 2020 bylo obesláno 138 vybraných vhodných klientek na dárcovství, z nichž 52 nereagovalo, 19 ukončilo a 29 prodloužilo skladování embryí. Pouze 38 klientek, tj. 27,5 %, souhlasilo s jejich využitím na přípravu hESC. Ve stejném období probíhala osobní komunikace s vhodnými klienty CAR a bylo získáno dalších 17 dárců embryí. Celkem bylo získáno 160 embryí od 55 dárkyň ve věku 26–42 let. Nejčastěji byla embrya zamrazena ve stadiu blastocysty (53 embrií – 33,1 %) a moruly (74 embrií – 46,3 %). Z 29 geneticky vyšetřených embryí je 5 euploidních (17,2 %), 2 mozaiky a 22 aneuploidních nebo s translokací či přenašečů s monogenní vadou. Závěr: Byl vypracován a Etickou komisí LF MU a FN Brno schválen informovaný souhlas, bylo vybráno a zajištěno 160 darovaných embryí. Je vypracován předávací protokol a metodika předávání. Plán předávání rozmrazených anonymizovaných embryí zahrnuje cca 5 rozmrazených blastocyst týdně s provedeným asistovaným hatchingem. Po předání embryí na CTEF probíhá izolace embryoblastu s následnou kultivací. Ustanovené buněčné linie hESC musí splnit specifikovaná kritéria bezpečnosti, stability a pluripotence. Věříme, že v souladu s plánem projektu získáme nejméně tři linie hESC v klinické kvalitě, poprvé vytvořené v ČR, respektující požadavky na léčivé přípravky Advanced Medicinal Therapy Products (AMTP).

Objective: The work deals with a clinical part of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. The aim of the project is the differentiation of somatic cell types, useful in drug development, regenerative medicine and cell therapy. The aim of this work is to enable targeted therapy of yet incurable diseases. The pluripotent hESCs have unlimited self-renewal capacity. This ability is used in therapy to create missing or damaged cells in the human body. It is of interest to develop clinical-grade hESC lines useful in preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: The derivation of the hESC must respect the legislation of the Czech Republic and the EU. The aim was to develop an informed consent of both donors for donated discarded embryos that are not suitable for treatment by in vitro fertilization according to Directive 2004/23/EC. The FNB‘s Center for Assisted Reproduction (CAR) participates in oocyte collection, cultivation and cryopreservation of embryos, communication with clients and ensuring the informed consent of embryo donors. A transport protocol and a methodology for handing over the thawed embryos with the original numerical code were developed. Before the embryos are handed over to the ICRC co-author‘s workplace (CTEF), they are thawed and, if necessary, recultivated to the blastocyst stage; afterwards, assisted hatching is performed. Results: In the period from January 2018 to July 2020, 138 selected suitable clients were asked for donations, with 52 not responding, 19 terminating and 29 extending the embryo storage. Only 38 clients, i.e. 27.5%, agreed with the usage of their embryos for the preparation of hESCs. In the same period, personal communication with suitable CAR clients took place and another 17 embryo donors were obtained. A total of 160 embryos were obtained from 55 donors aged 26 to 42 years. The embryos were most often frozen in the blastocyst (53 embryos – 33.1%) and morula (74 embryos – 46.3%) stages. Of the 29 genetically examined embryos, only 5 are euploid (17.2%), 2 are mosaic and 22 are aneuploid or with translocations or carriers with a monogenic defect. Conclusion: We have an informed consent prepared and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Masaryk University and the University Hospital Brno; 160 donated embryos have been selected and secured. A transport protocol and handover methodology are developed. The plan for the transfer of thawed anonymized embryos in the first phase, October – December 2020, includes approximately 5 thawed blastocysts per week with assisted hatching. After their transfer to the CTEF, the embryoblast will be isolated with subsequent cultivation. The established hESCs must meet the specified criteria of safety, stability and pluripotency. We believe that, in accordance with the project plan, we will obtain at least 3 clinical-grade hESC lines, the first created in the Czech Republic, respecting the requirements for Advanced Medicinal Therapy Products (AMTP).

• Klíčová slova
• výběr embryí,
• MeSH
• blastocysta MeSH
• buněčná a tkáňová terapie MeSH
• embryoblast MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské embryonální kmenové buňky MeSH
• nakládání s embryem * MeSH
• vitrifikace MeSH
• získávání tkání a orgánů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Propofol causes a profound inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and reduces spare electron transfer chain capacity in a range of human and rodent cells and tissues-a feature that might be related to the pathogenesis of Propofol Infusion Syndrome. We aimed to explore the mechanism of propofol-induced alteration of bioenergetic pathways by describing its kinetic characteristics. METHODS: We obtained samples of skeletal and cardiac muscle from Wistar rat (n = 3) and human subjects: vastus lateralis from hip surgery patients (n = 11) and myocardium from brain-dead organ donors (n = 10). We assessed mitochondrial functional indices using standard SUIT protocol and high resolution respirometry in fresh tissue homogenates with or without short-term exposure to a range of propofol concentration (2.5-100 μg/ml). After finding concentrations of propofol causing partial inhibition of a particular pathways, we used that concentration to construct kinetic curves by plotting oxygen flux against substrate concentration during its stepwise titration in the presence or absence of propofol. By spectrophotometry we also measured the influence of the same propofol concentrations on the activity of isolated respiratory complexes. RESULTS: We found that human muscle and cardiac tissues are more sensitive to propofol-mediated inhibition of bioenergetic pathways than rat's tissue. In human homogenates, palmitoyl carnitine-driven respiration was inhibited at much lower concentrations of propofol than that required for a reduction of electron transfer chain capacity, suggesting FAO inhibition mechanism different from downstream limitation or carnitine-palmitoyl transferase-1 inhibition. Inhibition of Complex I was characterised by more marked reduction of Vmax, in keeping with non-competitive nature of the inhibition and the pattern was similar to the inhibition of Complex II or electron transfer chain capacity. There was neither inhibition of Complex IV nor increased leak through inner mitochondrial membrane with up to 100 μg/ml of propofol. If measured in isolation by spectrophotometry, propofol 10 μg/ml did not affect the activity of any respiratory complexes. CONCLUSION: In human skeletal and heart muscle homogenates, propofol in concentrations that are achieved in propofol-anaesthetized patients, causes a direct inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, in addition to inhibiting flux of electrons through inner mitochondrial membrane. The inhibition is more marked in human as compared to rodent tissues.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• propofol farmakologie   MeSH
• respirační komplex I metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• svalové mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• alergologie a imunologie

The incidence of malignant melanoma is rapidly increasing and current medicine is offering only limited options for treatment of the advanced disease. For B‑Raf mutated melanomas, treatment with mutation‑specific drug inhibitors may be used. Unfortunately, tumors frequently acquire resistance to the treatment. Tumor microenvironment, namely cancer‑associated fibroblasts, largely influence this acquired resistance. In the present study, fibroblasts were isolated from a patient suffering from acrolentiginous melanoma (Breslow, 4.0 mm; Clark, IV; B‑Raf V600E mutated). The present study focused on the expression of structural and functional markers of fibroblast activation in melanoma‑associated fibroblasts (MAFs; isolated prior to therapy initiation) as well as in autologous control fibroblasts (ACFs) of the same patient isolated during B‑Raf inhibitor therapy, yet before clinical progression of the disease. Analysis of gene transcription was also performed, as well as DNA methylation status analysis at the genomic scale of both isolates. MAFs were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA), which is a marker of myofibroblasts and the hallmark of cancer stoma. Surprisingly, ACF isolated from the distant uninvolved skin of the same patient also exhibited strong SMA expression. A similar phenotype was also observed in control dermal fibroblasts (CDFs; from different donors) exclusively following stimulation by transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that melanoma cells potently produce TGF‑β1. Significant differences were also identified in gene transcription and in DNA methylation status at the genomic scale. Upregulation of SMA was observed in ACF cells at the protein and transcriptional levels. The present results support recent experimental findings that tumor microenvironment is driving resistance to B‑Raf inhibition in patients with melanoma. Such an activated microenvironment may be viable for the growth of circulating melanoma cells.

• MeSH
• bodová mutace MeSH
• chemorezistence * MeSH
• fibroblasty asociované s nádorem účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
• nádory kůže farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-raf antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH