sensorimotor cortex
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- MeSH
- epilepsie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mozková kůra MeSH
- synapse MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
BACKGROUND: Olanzapine is a frequently used atypical antipsychotic drug known to exert structural brain alterations in animals. This study investigated whether chronic olanzapine exposure alters regional blood brain perfusion assessed by Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a validated model of olanzapine-induced metabolic disturbances. An effect of acute olanzapine exposure on brain perfusion was also assessed for comparison. METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were treated by intramuscular depot olanzapine injections (100 mg/kg every 14 days) or vehicle for 8 weeks. ASL scanning was performed on a 9.4 T Bruker BioSpec 94/30USR scanner under isoflurane anesthesia. Serum samples were used to assay leptin and TNF-α level while brains were sliced for histology. Another group received only one non-depot intraperitoneal dose of olanzapine (7 mg/kg) during MRI scanning, thus exposing its acute effect on brain perfusion. RESULTS: Both acute and chronic dosing of olanzapine resulted in decreased perfusion in the sensorimotor cortex, while no effect was observed in the piriform cortex or hippocampus. Furthermore, in the chronically treated group decreased cortex volume was observed. Chronic olanzapine dosing led to increased body weight, adipose tissue mass and leptin level, confirming its expected metabolic effects. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates region-specific decreases in blood perfusion associated with olanzapine exposure present already after the first dose. These findings extend our understanding of olanzapine-induced functional and structural brain changes.
- MeSH
- antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh účinky léků MeSH
- olanzapin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
- senzorimotorický kortex krevní zásobení diagnostické zobrazování účinky léků MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- čelní lalok MeSH
- corpus callosum MeSH
- histologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- temenní lalok MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects speech, including respiration, phonation, and articulation. We measured the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response to overt sentence reading in: (1) 9 treated female patients with mild to moderate PD (age; mean 66.0 +/- 11.6 years, mean levodopa equivalent 583.3 +/- 397.9 mg) and (2) 8 age-matched healthy female controls (age; mean 62.2 years +/- 12.3). Speech was recorded in the scanner to assess which brain regions underlie variations in the initiation and paralinguistic aspects (e.g., pitch, loudness, and rate) of speech production in the two groups. There were no differences in paralinguistic aspects of speech except for speech loudness; it was lower in PD patients compared with that in controls, when age was used as a covariate. In both groups, we observed increases in the BOLD response (reading-baseline) in brain regions involved in speech production and perception. In PD patients, as compared with controls, we found significantly higher BOLD signal in the right primary orofacial sensorimotor cortex and more robust correlations between the measured speech parameters and the BOLD response to reading, particularly, in the left primary orofacial sensorimotor cortex. These results might reflect compensatory mechanisms and/or treatment effects that take place in mild to moderately ill PD patients with quality of speech yet comparable with that of age-matched controls. (c) 2007 Movement Disorder Society.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace metody MeSH
- akustika řeči MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kyslík krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- řeč fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum krevní zásobení patofyziologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- čelní lalok MeSH
- corpus callosum MeSH
- histologie MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- temenní lalok MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was used to stimulate the primary sensorimotor cortex in six healthy volunteers while regional changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were simultaneously measured by means of positron emission tomography. A figure-eight TMS coil (Cadwell Corticoil) was positioned, using frameless stereotaxy, over the probabilistic location of the left primary sensorimotor cortex, and a series of brief 10-Hz trains of TMS was delivered at subthreshold intensity during each of six 60-s scans. The scans differed in the number of trains delivered, namely 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 trains/scan, respectively. In the left primary sensorimotor cortex, CBF covaried significantly and negatively with the number of stimulus trains. These CBF decreases may reflect TMS-induced activation of local inhibitory mechanisms known to play a role in TMS-related phenomena, such as the electromyographic silent period.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické korové centrum * krevní zásobení MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh * MeSH
- ruka fyziologie MeSH
- somatosenzorické korové centrum * krevní zásobení MeSH
- tomografie emisní počítačová MeSH
- transkraniální magnetická stimulace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
