stem respiration Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Burden of obesity is increasing in the contemporary world. Although multifactorial in origin, appropriate mitochondrial function of adipocytes emerges as a factor essential for healthy adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue function. Our study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial functions of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis. On days 0, 4, 10, and 21 of adipogenesis, we have characterized adipocyte proliferation and viability, quantified lipid accumulation in maturing cells, performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of mitochondria, determined mitochondrial respiration of cells using high-resolution respirometry, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential. In the course of adipogenesis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption progressively increased in states ROUTINE and E (capacity of the electron transfer system). State LEAK remained constant during first days of adipogenesis and then increased probably reflecting uncoupling ability of maturing adipocytes. Citrate synthase activity and volume of mitochondrial networks increased during differentiation, particularly between days 10 and 21. In addition, lipid accumulation remained low until day 10 and then significantly increased. In conclusion, during first days of adipogenesis, increased mitochondrial respiration is needed for transition of differentiating cells from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism and clonal expansion of preadipocytes and then more energy is needed to acquire typical metabolic phenotype of mature adipocyte.
- MeSH
- adipogeneze * MeSH
- buněčné dýchání MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus MeSH
- tukové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Stem respiration is an important component of an ecosystem's carbon budget. Beside environmental factors, it depends highly on tree energy demands for stem growth. Determination of the relationship between stem growth and stem respiration would help to reveal the response of stem respiration to changing climate, which is expected to substantially affect tree growth. Common measurement of stem radial increment does not record all aspects of stem growth processes, especially those connected with cell wall thickening; therefore, the relationship between stem respiration and stem radial increment may vary depending on the wood cell growth differentiation phase. This study presents results from measurements of stem respiration and increment carried out for seven growing seasons in a young Norway spruce forest. Moreover, rates of carbon allocation to stems were modeled for these years. Stem respiration was divided into maintenance (Rm) and growth respiration (Rg) based upon the mature tissue method. There was a close relationship between Rg and daily stem radial increment (dSRI), and this relationship differed before and after dSRI seasonal maximum, which was around 19 June. Before this date, Rg increased exponentially with dSRI, while after this date logarithmically. This is a result of later maxima of Rg and its slower decrease when compared with dSRI, which is connected with energy demands for cell wall thickening. Rg reached a maxima at the end of June or in July. The maximum of carbon allocation to stem peaked in late summer, when Rg mostly tended to decrease. The overall contribution of Rg to stem CO2 efflux amounted to 46.9% for the growing period from May to September and 38.2% for the year as a whole. This study shows that further deeper analysis of in situ stem growth and stem respiration dynamics is greatly needed, especially with a focus on wood formation on a cell level.
- MeSH
- alokace zdrojů MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- smrk * MeSH
- stonky rostlin MeSH
- stromy MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Norsko MeSH
The contribution of environmental pollutants to the obesity pandemic is still not yet fully recognized. Elucidating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of their effects is of high importance. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic, 21-day-long, 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylenedichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis on mitochondrial oxygen consumption on days 4, 10, and 21. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the quality of the mitochondrial network, and lipid accumulation in maturing cells were evaluated. Compared to control differentiating adipocytes, exposure to p,p'-DDE at 1 μM concentration significantly increased basal (routine) mitochondrial respiration, ATP-linked oxygen consumption and MMP of intact cells on day 21 of adipogenesis. In contrast, higher pollutant concentration seemed to slow down the gradual increase in ATP-linked oxygen consumption typical for normal adipogenesis. Organochlorine p,p'-DDE did not alter citrate synthase activity. In conclusion, in vitro 1 μM p,p'-DDE corresponding to human exposure is able to increase the mitochondrial respiration per individual mitochondrion at the end of adipocyte maturation. Our data reveal that long-lasting exposure to p,p'-DDE could interfere with the metabolic programming of mature adipocytes.
- MeSH
- adipogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen toxicita MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový potenciál mitochondrií MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- mitochondrie účinky léků MeSH
- obezita metabolismus MeSH
- tukové buňky cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to improve survival of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) and overall regeneration of cardiac tissue. Despite promising preclinical results, interactions of MSCs and CMCs, both direct and indirect, remain unclear. In this study, porcine bone marrow MSCs and freshly isolated porcine primary adult CMCs were used for non-contact co-culture experiments. Morphology, viability and functional parameters of CMCs were measured over time and compared between CMCs cultured alone and CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. In non-contact co-culture, MSCs improved survival of CMCs. CMCs co-cultured with MSCs maintained CMCs morphology and viability in significantly higher percentage than CMCs cultured alone. In viable CMCs, mitochondrial respiration was preserved in both CMCs cultured alone and in CMCs co-cultured with MSCs. Comparison of cellular contractility and calcium handling, measured in single CMCs, revealed no significant differences between viable CMCs from co-culture and CMCs cultured alone. In conclusion, non-contact co-culture of porcine MSCs and CMCs improved survival of CMCs with a sufficient preservation of functional and mitochondrial parameters.
- MeSH
- kardiomyocyty fyziologie MeSH
- kokultivační techniky metody MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- mitochondrie fyziologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- viabilita buněk fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Wiskottův-Aldrichův syndrom (WAS) je vzácné X-vázané recesivně dědičné onemocnění charakterizované trombocytopenií s malými destičkami, kombinovanou imunodeficiencí a ekzémem. Příčinou onemocnění jsou mutace genu WASP, lokalizovaného na chromozomu X a kódujícíhomultifunkční intracelulární proteinWASp. Klinicky se onemocněnímanifestuje kožními krvácivými projevy, epistaxemi, krvácenímz dásní a střev, objevuje se exantém a rekurentní respirační infekce. U pacientů sWAS byl popsán zvýšený výskyt autoimunních onemocnění a malignit. WAS je onemocněné velmi vzácné a z toho důvodu jeho diagnostika ani v současné době není snadná. Na diagnózu WAS je třeba myslet vždy v případě trombocytopenie v kombinaci s ekzémem a recidivujícími respiračními infekty, patognomická je přítomnost malých trombocytů. V případě podezření na WAS musí být dětský pacient co nejdříve předán do hematologického centra, které ve spolupráci s imunologickým pracovištěm potvrdí diagnózu, zajistí molekulárně genetické vyšetření a zahájí vyhledávání HLA identického dárce. Problematiku nutnosti správného a včasného stanovení diagnózy autoři prezentují na kazuistikách 6 pacientů předaných na jejich pracoviště a indikovaných k alogenní transplantaci kmenových buněk krvetvorby (SCT) v letech 1996–2007. SCT je v současné době jedinou možností vyléčeníWAS a její úspěšnost je velmi závislá na včasném stanovení diagnózy a na efektivní profylaxi a cílené léčbě infekčních komplikací.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare disease characterized by thrombocytopenia with small platelets, combined immunodeficiency and eczema. The disease is caused by the WASP gene, which is localized on chromosome X and is coding multifunctional intracellular protein WASp. The disease becomes clinically manifest by skin hemorrhage manifestations, epistaxis events, as well as bleeding from gingival and intestines exanthema and recurrent respiration infections. Increased occurrence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies was observed in patients with WAS. WAS is a very rare disease and because of that the diagnostics is not easy even at the present time. The diagnosis ofWAS is to be considered in all cases of thrombocytopenia in combination with eczema and relapsing respiratory infections, small thrombocytes are typical for diagnosis. In the case of suspected WAS the child patient should be admitted to hematological center as early as possible and the center should confirm the diagnosis in collaboration with an immunological workplace together with molecular genetic examination and initiates the search for HLA-identical donor. The problem of necessary correct and early establishment of diagnosis is documented on case histories of 6 patients handed over to our workplace and indicated to allogenic transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells (SCT) in the years 1996-2007. SCT is presently the only possibility to cure upWAS and the successfulness is markedly dependent on early establishment of diagnosis and efficient prophylaxis and directed therapy of infectious complications.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- protein Wiskottova-Aldrichova syndromu genetika MeSH
- transplantace kmenových buněk metody využití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Wiskottův-Aldrichův syndrom diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
- diagnóza MeSH
- dýchání MeSH
- mozkový kmen patofyziologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- počítače využití MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- Check Tag
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
