• MeSH
• charakteristické znaky pohlaví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• temperament MeSH
• výchova dítěte MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Príspevok prináša výsledky empirického výskumu, v ktorom sa uplatnila biomechanická analýza, somatometria a testy kĺbovej pohyblivosti. V ňom sa autori príspevku venovali chôdzi, ktorú považujú za vhodnú formu pohybovej aktivity pre väčšiu časť populácie. Cieľom bolo poznať kinematickú subštruktúru turistickej a bežnej chôdze a jej podmienenosť vybraným somatickými faktormi a ukazovateľmi kĺbovej pohyblivosti. Výsledky poskytli obraz o úrovni sledovaných parametrov u mládeže a informácie o miere tejto podmienenosti. Doplnili sa tak poznatky o podmienenosti techniky chôdze sledovanými charakteristikami.

The contribution brings the results of empirical research applying biomechanic analysis, somatometry and joint flexibility tests. The authors dealed with walk, which is considered the suitable form of motion activity for major part of population. To discover the kinematic substructure of tourist and standard walk and its determination by selected somatic factors and joint flexibility indicators was the aim. The results brought an image about the level of investigated parametres in youth and information on a measure of this determination.

• MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kineziologie aplikovaná metody   statistika a číselné údaje   využití   MeSH
• klouby fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• techniky cvičení a pohybu metody   využití   MeSH
• tělesná výška fyziologie   MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacillus ultrastruktura   MeSH

Twelve Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STR) (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a, DYS385b, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439) included in the PowerPlex Y Kit (Promega Corporation, Madison, USA) were studied for 1750 unrelated males living in 14 regions of the Czech Republic. A total of 1148 different haplotypes were found. The overall haplotype diversity (HD) was determined as 0.998. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) reveals non-significant distances between regions concerning their haplotype distribution, thus allowing to use the whole sample as a representative reference database of the Czech Republic. Median network analysis shows a remarkable bipartite composition of the Czech haplotypes, falling in distinct clusters with Eastern and Western European roots.

• MeSH
• databáze nukleových kyselin MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský chromozom Y MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• tandemové repetitivní sekvence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Stimulus-sensitive polymer drug conjugates based on high molecular weight N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers carrying doxorubicin via a pH-dependent cleavable bond (pHPMA-Dox) were previously shown to be able to overcome multi-drug resistance. Nevertheless, a tumor type dependent differential response was observed. Although an improved and more selective tumor accumulation of pHPMA-Dox is generally achieved due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, little is known about the fate of these conjugates upon entering the tumor tissue, which could explain the different responses. In this study, we compared in vitro and in vivo accumulation and Dox-activation of pHPMA-Dox in three cancer cell line models (1411HP, A2780cis, HT29) and derived xenograft tumors using a near-infrared fluorescence-labeled pHPMA-Dox conjugate. Firstly, cytotoxicity assays using different pH conditions proved a stepwise, pH-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity and revealed comparable sensitivity among the cell lines. Using multispectral fluorescence microscopy, we were able to track the distribution of drug and polymeric carrier simultaneously on cellular and histological levels. Microscopic analyses of cell monolayers confirmed the assumed mechanism of cell internalization of the whole conjugate followed by intracellular cleavage and nuclear accumulation of Dox in all three cell lines. In contrast, intratumoral distribution and drug release in xenograft tumors were completely different and were associated with different tissue substructures and microenvironments analyzed by Azan- and Hypoxisense®-staining. In 1411HP tumors, large vessels and less hypoxic/acidic microenvironments were associated with a pattern resulting from consistent tissue distribution and cellular uptake as whole conjugate followed by intracellular drug release. In A2780cis tumors, an inconsistent pattern of distribution partly resulting from premature drug release was associated with a more hypoxic/acidic microenvironment, compacted tumor tissue with compressed vessels and specific pre-damaged tissue structures. A completely different distribution pattern was observed in HT29 tumors, resulting from high accumulation of polymer in abundant fibrotic structures, with small embedded vessels featuring this tumor type together with pronounced premature drug release due to the strongly hypoxic/acidic microenvironment. In conclusion, the pattern of intratumoral distribution and drug release strongly depends on the tumor substructure and microenvironment and may result in different degrees of therapeutic efficacy. This reflects the pronounced heterogeneity observed in the clinical application of nanomedicines and can be exploited for the future design of such conjugates.

• MeSH
• buňky HT-29 MeSH
• doxorubicin aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva chemie   MeSH
• karbocyaniny chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methakryláty chemie   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• myši nahé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• nosiče léků aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování   chemie   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• xenogenní modely - testy protinádorové aktivity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebellar volume changes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients in greater detail. We aimed to determine which discrete substructures significantly differ in patients with TLE compared to controls and the nature of this difference. Correlations with age at epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, seizure frequency, and total number of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the patient's history were studied. We analyzed the potential association between cerebellar atrophy and epilepsy surgery outcome. METHODS: Study participants were 36 TLE patients; 22 hippocampal sclerosis (HS) only and 38 healthy controls. All patients later underwent temporal lobe resection. All subjects were examined using 1.5T MRI. Cerebellar volume was adjusted for total intracranial volume, age, and gender, and measured using voxel-based morphometry. Cerebellar substructures were defined using the AAL atlas. Data processing was performed automatically. Separate analyses for HS only subset were performed. RESULTS: Total cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV) appeared non-significantly smaller in epilepsy patients. Within the substructures, the GMV of the selected vermian segments were significantly larger in patients. The GMV of the whole cerebellum and of all individual cerebellar substructures non-significantly decreased with increasing complex partial seizure frequency and total number of AEDs in the patient's history. Total cerebellar GMV was significantly smaller in patients with persistent seizures after epilepsy surgery than in seizure-free patients. CONCLUSION: Cerebellar atrophy is a complex phenomenon, the character of changes differs significantly within the cerebellar substructures. Total cerebellar GMV reduction is associated with worse outcome of temporal lobe resection.

• MeSH
• atrofie etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku komplikace   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Our aim was to determine whether the anatomical configuration of the posterior fossa and its substructures might represent a predisposition factor for the occurrence of clinical neurovascular conflict in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). METHODS: We used MRI volumetry in 18 patients with TN and 15 controls. The volume of the pontomesencephalic cistern, Meckel's cave and the trigeminal nerve on the clinical and non-affected sides was compared. The reliability has been assessed in all measurements. RESULTS: The posterior fossa volume was not different in the clinical and control groups; there was no difference between the affected and non-affected sides when measuring the pontomesencephalic cistern and Meckel's cave volume either. The volume of the clinically affected trigeminal nerve was significantly reduced, but with a higher error of measurement. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any association between the clinical neurovascular conflict (NVC) and the size of the posterior fossa and its substructures. MRI volumetry may show the atrophy of the affected trigeminal nerve in clinical NVC.

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• arteria basilaris patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• atrofie etiologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kauzalita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• nervus trigeminus patologie   MeSH
• neuralgie trigeminu etiologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střední jáma lební abnormality   patologie   MeSH
• zadní jáma lební abnormality   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: High doses to healthy cardiac substructures (CS) in stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) raise concerns regarding potential treatment-induced cardio-toxicity. However, CS contours are not routinely created, hindering the understanding of the CS dose-effect relationships. To address this issue, the alignment of CS contouring was initiated within the STOPSTORM consortium. In this study, we developed and evaluated auto-contouring models trained to delineate CS and major vessels in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients. METHODS: Eight centres provided standard treatment planning computed tomography (CT) and/or contrast-enhanced CT datasets of 55 VT patients, each including 16 CS. Auto-contouring models were trained to contour either large structures or small structures. Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), 95 % Hausdorff distance (HD95) and volume ratio (VR) were used to evaluate model performance versus inter-observer variation (IOV) on seven VT patient test cases. Significant differences were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The performance on the four chambers and the major vessels (median DSC: 0.88; HD95: 5.8-19.4 mm; VR: 1.09) was similar to the IOV (median DSC: 0.89; HD95: 4.8-14.0 mm; VR: 1.20). For the valves, model performance (median DSC: 0.37; HD95: 11.6 mm; VR: 1.63) was similar to the IOV (median DSC: 0.41; HD95: 12.4 mm; VR: 3.42), but slightly worse for the coronary arteries (median DSC: 0.33 vs 0.42; HD95: 24.4 mm vs 16.9 mm; VR: 1.93 vs 3.30). The IOV for these small structures remains large despite using contouring guidelines. CONCLUSION: CS auto-contouring models trained on VT patient data perform similarly to IOV. This allows for time-efficient evaluation of CS as possible organs-at-risk.

• MeSH
• komorová tachykardie * MeSH
• kritické orgány účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
• radiochirurgie * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdce účinky záření   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčné jadérko ultrastruktura   MeSH
• chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové analýza   MeSH
• DNA analýza   MeSH
• embryo savčí ultrastruktura   MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• myši MeSH
• RNA analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

BACKGROUND: Protein exchange kinetics correlate with the level of chromatin condensation and, in many cases, with the level of transcription. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to analyse the kinetics of 18 proteins and determine the relationships between nuclear arrangement, protein molecular weight, global transcription level, and recovery kinetics. In particular, we studied heterochromatin-specific heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β) B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1), and telomeric-repeat binding factor 1 (TRF1) proteins, and nucleolus-related proteins, upstream binding factor (UBF) and RNA polymerase I large subunit (RPA194). We considered whether the trajectories and kinetics of particular proteins change in response to histone hyperacetylation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors or after suppression of transcription by actinomycin D. RESULTS: We show that protein dynamics are influenced by many factors and events, including nuclear pattern and transcription activity. A slower recovery after photobleaching was found when proteins, such as HP1β, BMI1, TRF1, and others accumulated at specific foci. In identical cells, proteins that were evenly dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm recovered more rapidly. Distinct trajectories for HP1β, BMI1, and TRF1 were observed after hyperacetylation or suppression of transcription. The relationship between protein trajectory and transcription level was confirmed for telomeric protein TRF1, but not for HP1β or BMI1 proteins. Moreover, heterogeneity of foci movement was especially observed when we made distinctions between centrally and peripherally positioned foci. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we propose that protein kinetics are likely influenced by several factors, including chromatin condensation, differentiation, local protein density, protein binding efficiency, and nuclear pattern. These factors and events likely cooperate to dictate the mobility of particular proteins.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH