trait-centered approach
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It is argued that if we compute self-other agreement on some personality traits then we possess no or very little information about the individuals who are the targets of this judgment. This idea is largely based on two separate ways of computing self-other agreement: trait agreement (rT ) and profile agreement (rP ), which are typically associated with two different trait-centered and person-centered approaches in personality research. Personality traits of 4115 targets from Czech, Belgian, Estonian, and German samples were rated by themselves and knowledgeable informants. We demonstrate that trait agreement can be partialled into individual contributions so that it is possible to show how much each individual pair of judges contributes to agreement on a particular trait. Similarly, it is possible to decompose agreement between two personality profiles into the individual contributions of traits from which these profiles are assembled. If normativeness is separated from distinctiveness of personality scores and individual profiles are ipsatized, then mean profile agreement rP becomes identical to mean trait agreement r T . The views that trait-by-trait analysis does not provide information regarding accuracy level of a particular pair of judges and profile analysis does not permit assessment of the relative contributions of traits to overall accuracy are not supported.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Práce představuje současný psychologický přístup k dětem s ADHD/ADD, který je charakterizován několika tendencemi: 1. k diagnóze postačuje typické chování 2. poruchy chování jsou často chápány jako varianta chování v rámci normálního rozložení 3. vedle specifických psychoterapeutických metod nabývají na významu výchovné postupy uplatňované u dětí bez specifických poruch chování 4. zvyšuje se význam rodičů jako nejvýznamnějších preventistů a -terapeutů- ADHD.
The article introduces present psychological approach to children with ADHD/ADD, which is characterised by several tendencies: 1. Typical behaviour is sufficient for diagnosis. 2. Behavioural disorders are considered as a variation of behaviour within normal distribution. 3. Besides specific psychotherapeutic methods, educational methods gain an importance in children without specific disorders of behaviour. 4. The importance of parents is increased as the most important preventive persons and -therapists- of ADHD.
- MeSH
- činnosti denního života MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hyperkineze diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porucha chování diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- psychoterapie metody MeSH
- terapie zaměřená na člověka MeSH
- výchova dítěte MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
AIM: Several studies have assessed the association between personality traits and metabolic outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The aim of this observational single-visit study was to investigate whether specific personality traits were related to the degree of metabolic control/diabetes duration in adult T1DM patients. METHOD: Data were collected from 56 adults (40 men) with T1DM treated in a tertiary care center. "Big Five" personality traits were assessed using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory questionnaire. Several variables were obtained from the insulin pumps, glucometers and blinded continuous glucose monitoring system. RESULTS: All personality traits but neuroticism (low level of the trait) showed average intensity. Agreeableness was associated with most variables from CGMS data. Higher conscientiousness was associated with longer diabetes duration. Higher neuroticism was correlated with greater glycemic variability (GV), while high Extraversion was associated with lower GV. Lower Openness was associated with prolonged time in clinically significant hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that personality traits manifest in individual approach to diabetes management and emotion regulation, translating also into the attitude to treatment. On the other hand, T1DM patients' overall trait scores were consistent with healthy nonpsychiatric norms, which debunks myths and stereotypes suggesting that chronic disease is usually associated with psychopathology.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 1. typu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inzuliny * MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- osobnost MeSH
- osobnostní dotazník MeSH
- selfmonitoring glykemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
... -- AGING AND SCHIZOPHRENIA 86 -- Age of Onset 86 -- Pathogenetic Effects of Aging 86 pathological trait ... ... status 165 treatment specificity 165 xxii CONTENTS polypharmacy 165 undertreatment 166 shot-gun approach ... ... to treatment 184 consistent approach 184 attitude therapy 184 dual roles 184 -- Management of Maladaptive ... ... XX vin -- CONTENTS case detection 293 -- Comprehensive Services and Community Care 293 diagnostic centers ... ... 294 home care programs 294 homemakers 296 friendly visitors 296 meals-on-wheels 296 the day care center ...
Second edition xxx, 371 stran : tabulky ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- geriatrická psychiatrie MeSH
- klinické lékařství MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
- geriatrie
OBJECTIVE: To compare persons with epilepsy (PWE) to those with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) on measures of depression, anxiety, and alexithymia subscales (i.e., difficulty identifying emotions, difficulty describing emotions, and external-oriented thinking). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 235 epilepsy patients and 90 patients with PNES were evaluated between 2012 and 2020 at the Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group. These patients had completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), The Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Background information was collected regarding work/student/disability status at the time of the evaluation history of psychiatric diagnosis; psychological trauma; and involvement in psychotherapy either at the time of the evaluation or prior. RESULTS: Significant differences between PWEs and those with PNES were found not only in historical data (e.g., Psychiatric History, History of Trauma, and History of Therapy) (p < .001) but also on measures of Depression (p = .002) and Anxiety (p < .001). ANOVA analysis also revealed significant differences in the distribution of the TAS-Total score, TAS-Describing emotions, and TAS-Identifying emotions. Using logistic regression (stepwise model) the optimal set of predictors for a differential diagnosis of epilepsy and PNES was combination of TAS-Identifying emotions score, history of psychological trauma, and history of therapy. The accuracy of the prediction was determined to be 80.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: Although higher alexithymia rates are present in PNES and PWEs, clinicians may find a combination of TAS-Identifying Emotion score, history of trauma, and history of psychotherapy useful in supporting a differential diagnosis. Also, a subgroup may exist among those with PNES with high levels of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety that may require a different treatment approach focused on addressing difficulties in identifying and describing their emotions and their other symptomatology.
- MeSH
- afekt fyziologie MeSH
- afektivní symptomy * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- deprese diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epilepsie * psychologie komplikace MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- úzkost * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- záchvaty * psychologie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
... Parsonage -- 45 A Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Approach to the Care of the Institutionalized Person ... ... Long-Term Casework Support with Epileptic Patients Rachel Tavriger -- CONTENTS xi -- 257 Personality Traits ... ... How Doctors “Manage” Epilepsy -- Anthony Hopkins and Graham Scambler -- 277 Pilot Study on Theme-Centered ...
414 s. : il.
... and Serap Kurbanoglu -- Lower Secondary School Teachers’ Experiences of Developing Inquiry-Based Approaches ... ... Developing Information Literacy Skills in Dependent and Disadvantaged Circumstances: a Transitional Approach ... ... Hufford -- Social Living Labs for Informed Learning: An Innovative Approach to Information Literacy for ... ... 141 -- Sirje Virkus, Damiana Koutsomiha and Emmanouel Garoufallou -- Intergenerational Learning Approaches ... ... Project to Promote People’s Empowerment 225 -- Anna Broil, Anna Cabré and Pilar Roura -- Dominant Traits ...
276 stran ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- informační gramotnost MeSH
- šíření informací MeSH
- zdravotnická komunikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
... Functional Regions 7 -- Cognitive Functions Are Localized Within the Cerebral Cortex 9 -- Affective Traits ... ... Locomotor Behavior and Motivation 50 -- Single Genes Are Critical Factors in Certain Human Behavioral Traits ... ... 51 -- Mutations in the Huntingtin Gene Result in Huntington Disease 52 -- Most Complex Behavioral Traits ... ... the Neural Representations of Mental Acts 382 -- Cognitive Neural Science Integrates Five Major Approaches ... ... the Retina is Conveyed by the Ganglion Cells 517 -- The Receptive Field of the Ganglion Cell Has a Center ...
4th ed. xxxiii, 1414 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- chování MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému MeSH
- nervový systém MeSH
- neurochemie MeSH
- neurofyziologie MeSH
- neurony MeSH
- neurovědy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NLK Obory
- neurovědy
- biologie
... -- Enzymes are substrate-specific: a closer look 98 -- The active site is an enzyme\'s catalytic center ... ... 236 chapter 13 -- Mendel and the Gene Idea 238 -- Mendel brought an experimental and quantitative approach ... ... Demography is the study of factors that affect birth and death rates in a population 1096 -- The traits ...
Fourth edition 1206, 32 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
