Musca domestica L., a common housefly, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito are quite well-known pests that can transfer a wide range of diseases to humans as well as animals. In this study, various isoborneol derivatives including esters, ethers, and thioethers were synthesized from isoborneol under mild conditions. These derivatives were evaluated for inhibition of house-fly M. domestica adults and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Two of the synthesized isoborneol ester derivatives (2 and 3) showed good activity against both insect species. Additional two derivatives (6 and 9) were active against M. domestica L., and the derivatives (1-3, 8) were active against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.
- Klíčová slova
- Culex quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica, Ethers, Isoborneol esters, Thioethers,
- MeSH
- Culex * účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- larva * účinky léků MeSH
- moucha domácí * účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insekticidy * MeSH
Houseflies provide a good experimental model to study the initial evolutionary stages of a primary sex-determining locus because they possess different recently evolved proto-Y chromosomes that contain male-determining loci (M) with the same male-determining gene, Mdmd. We investigate M-loci genomically and cytogenetically revealing distinct molecular architectures among M-loci. M on chromosome V (MV) has two intact Mdmd copies in a palindrome. M on chromosome III (MIII) has tandem duplications containing 88 Mdmd copies (only one intact) and various repeats, including repeats that are XY-prevalent. M on chromosome II (MII) and the Y (MY) share MIII-like architecture, but with fewer repeats. MY additionally shares MV-specific sequence arrangements. Based on these data and karyograms using two probes, one derives from MIII and one Mdmd-specific, we infer evolutionary histories of polymorphic M-loci, which have arisen from unique translocations of Mdmd, embedded in larger DNA fragments, and diverged independently into regions of varying complexity.
Necrophagous Diptera are the most important group of insects used for the purposes of forensic entomology. While the most utilized fly family in this context is the family Calliphoridae, there are several other families that can be of great importance during real-case investigations. This article analyzes the necrophagous flies of all families recorded from 160 real cases in Switzerland between 1993 and 2007. A total of 56 species belonging to 16 families was identified with Calliphoridae being the most dominant family (90.63% of all cases), followed by Muscidae (26.25%), Sarcophagidae (19.38%), Phoridae (14.38%), and Fanniidae (12.50%). For specimens that were difficult to identify morphologically, a new PCR primer has been specifically designed for the amplification of a short, informative COI barcode in degraded museum samples of forensically important Diptera taxa. The richest family in terms of species was the family Muscidae with 16 species. Fannia fuscula (Fallen) and Fannia monilis (Haliday) were recorded from human cadavers for the first time. The study highlights the importance of different fly families in forensic investigation, enhancing our comprehension of their prevalence and dispersion in real cases in Central Europe. The results pave the way for additional exploration, especially regarding the involvement of less frequently observed species in forensic entomology.
- Klíčová slova
- checklist, forensic entomology, necrophagous Diptera, real cases, species composition,
- MeSH
- Calliphoridae MeSH
- Diptera * MeSH
- entomologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Muscidae * MeSH
- Sarcophagidae * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Švýcarsko MeSH
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence in commensal and pathogenic bacteria is a global health issue. House flies (Musca domestica) are considered as biological and mechanical vectors for pathogens causing nosocomial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the role of temperature on the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in house flies in a hospital environment have not been studied. A total of 400 house flies were collected in winter and summer from four hospital-associated areas in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Detection of S. aureus and MRSA in flies was done by culturing, staining, and PCR methods targeting nuc and mec genes (mecA and mecC), respectively. Disc diffusion test was used to detect resistance phenotype against six antimicrobials. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the effect of temperature on the frequency of antimicrobial resistance, and on the presence of the nuc and mecA genes, and location of samples in and around a hospital environment. By PCR, S. aureus was detected in 208 (52%) samples. High frequencies of resistance (≥ 80% of isolates) to amoxicillin, azithromycin, and oxacillin were observed by disk diffusion test. Increase in temperature had a positive effect on the occurrence of S. aureus and MRSA isolates as well as on their resistance to individual and multiple antimicrobials. Among the study areas, hospital premises had increased odds of having S. aureus. Increased temperature of summer significantly increased the occurrence of MRSA in house flies in and around the hospital environment, which might pose a human and animal health risk.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- Diptera * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- moucha domácí * MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- proteiny vázající penicilin MeSH
- rezistence na methicilin MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * farmakoterapie veterinární MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus genetika MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- proteiny vázající penicilin MeSH
Coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) is a phenolic compound derived from the shikimate pathway and synthesized by various medicinal and aromatic plants as parent molecule of a large group of secondary metabolites, namely coumarins. Its main utilization is as fixative in perfumes and flavour enhancer. Given its role as phytoalexin and phagodepression activity, herein we evaluated for the first time its efficacy against several insect species: the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, the moth Spodoptera littoralis, the housefly, Musca domestica and the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Two non-target species were also included in our toxicity evaluation experiments: the ladybug Harmonia axyridis and the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results highlighted remarkable selectivity of coumarin, being highly toxic to M. persicae aphids (LC50(90) values of 1.3(1.9) mg L-1) and friendly to natural enemies of aphids as well as soil invertebrates.
- Klíčová slova
- Aphid, earthworm, insecticide, ladybug, mosquito, moth, non-target species,
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- insekticidy toxicita MeSH
- kumariny toxicita MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků MeSH
- mšice účinky léků MeSH
- můry účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- coumarin MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy MeSH
- kumariny MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
Fannia bohemica sp. nov. (Czech Republic, Slovakia) is described and illustrated. Male of F. latifrontalis Hennig, 1955 is described and illustrated for the first time. Fannia jezoensis Nishida, 1976 is first reported from West Palaearctic, Fannia morrisoni Malloch, 1913 is first recorded from Palaearctic Region. Fannia umbrosa (Stein, 1895) and F. armata (Meigen, 1826; first record based on morphologically identified specimens) are new records from Nearctic Region. Six species (Fannia fuscitibia Stein, 1920, F. latifrontalis, F. limbata (Tiensuu, 1938), F. verrallii (Meade, 1891), F. gotlandica Ringdahl, 1926 and F. spathiophora, Malloch, 1918) are recorded for the first time from Slovakia.
- Klíčová slova
- Diptera, Bulgaria, Calyptrata, Canada, Czech Republic, Nearctic Region, Palaearctic Region, redescription, Slovakia,
- MeSH
- Diptera * MeSH
- Muscidae * MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a pathogen harbored by livestock and shed in their feces, which serves as an acquisition source for adult house flies. This study used a green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing strain of Salmonella Typhimurium to assess its acquisition by and survival within house flies, and transmission from and between flies in the presence or absence of cantaloupe. Female house flies were exposed to manure inoculated with either sterile phosphate-buffered saline or GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium for 12 h, then used in four experiments each performed over 24 h. Experiment 1 assessed the survival of GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium within inoculated flies. Experiment 2 determined transmission of GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium from inoculated flies to cantaloupe. Experiment 3 assessed fly acquisition of GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium from inoculated cantaloupe. Experiment 4 evaluated transmission of GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium between inoculated flies and uninoculated flies in the presence and absence of cantaloupe. GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium survived in inoculated flies but bacterial abundance decreased between 0 and 6 h without cantaloupe present and between 0 and 6 h and 6 and 24 h with cantaloupe present. Uninoculated flies acquired GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium from inoculated cantaloupe and bacterial abundance increased in cantaloupe and flies from 6 to 24 h. More uninoculated flies exposed to inoculated flies acquired GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium when cantaloupe was present than when absent. We infer that the presence of a shared food source facilitated the transfer of GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium from inoculated to uninoculated flies. Our study demonstrated that house flies acquired, harbored, and excreted viable GFP-Salmonella Typhimurium and transferred bacteria to food and each other. Understanding the dynamics of bacterial acquisition and transmission of bacteria between flies and food helps in assessing the risk flies pose to food safety and human health.
- Klíčová slova
- Musca domestica, Salmonella enterica, food safety, house flies, pathogen transmission, vector potential,
- MeSH
- Cucumis melo mikrobiologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- moucha domácí mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium patogenita MeSH
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Názvy látek
- zelené fluorescenční proteiny MeSH
Thymus alternans and Teucrium montanum subsp. jailae are medicinal and aromatic plants, typical of Slovakian flora, producing bioactive essential oils. In the present study, we evaluated the insecticidal potential of the essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation from the plant aerial parts and analysed by GC-MS, as insecticidal agents. For the purpose, they were assayed against three insect species acting as agricultural pests or vectors of medical relevance, such as the common housefly, Musca domestica L., the lymphatic filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus and the Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis; α-cypermethrin was tested as positive control. The two essential oils exhibited a different chemical profile, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes being the main fractions in the essential oils from Th. alternans and T. montanum subsp. jailae, respectively. Insecticidal tests showed that the T. montanum essential oil was effective against S. littoralis (LD50(90) = 56.7 (170.0) μg larva-1) and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (LC50(90) = 180.5 (268.7) mg L-1), whereas T. alternans essential oil displayed good toxicity against M. domestica adults (LD50(90) = 103.7 (223.9) μg adult-1). Overall, our results add useful knowledge about the potential of Slovakian flora as a source of botanicals for the eco-friendly management of insect pests and vectors.
- Klíčová slova
- Adulticidal activity, Culex quinquefasciatus, Lamiaceae, Larvicidal activity, Musca domestica, Spodoptera littoralis,
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- insekticidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza farmakologie MeSH
- ožanka chemie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- pyrethriny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- seskviterpeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cypermethrin MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy MeSH
- monoterpeny MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- pyrethriny MeSH
- seskviterpeny MeSH
Marsh rosemary (Ledum palustre, Ericaceae) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of various regions worldwide, and as insect repellent. Little is known on its essential oil insecticidal potential. This study explored the insecticidal effects of the essential oil obtained from L. palustre growing in Poland on selected insect pests and vectors. GC-MS analysis evidenced an uncommon chemotype characterized by ascaridole (35.3% as sum of cis-ascaridole and isoascaridole) and p-cymene (25.5%). The essential oil was effective against Culex quinquefasciatus, Spodoptera littoralis and Musca domestica, showing LC50/LD50 of 66.6 mg L-1, 117.2 μg larva-1 and 61.4 μg adult-1, respectively. It was not toxic to non-target Eisenia fetida earthworms and moderately toxic to Daphnia magna microcrustaceans, over the positive control α-cypermethrin. The essential oil cytotoxicity on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed high IC50 values (71.3 and 84.4 μg mL-1, respectively). Comet assay data highlighted no DNA damages. Based on our findings, this essential oil, characterized by the ascaridole/p-cymene chemotype, could be a candidate for the formulation of botanical insecticides; large-scale production of green insecticides by this rare species may be assured by ex situ cultivation and biotechnological techniques.
- Klíčová slova
- Adulticide, Botanical pesticide, Culex quinquefasciatus, Housefly, Larvicide, Spodoptera littoralis,
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Culex účinky léků MeSH
- Culicidae účinky léků MeSH
- cymeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Daphnia účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- keratinocyty cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- komáří přenašeči účinky léků MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem analýza farmakologie MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků MeSH
- můry účinky léků MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Oligochaeta účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- pyrethriny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu analýza farmakologie MeSH
- rozmarýn chemie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 4-cymene MeSH Prohlížeč
- ascaridole MeSH Prohlížeč
- cymeny MeSH
- cypermethrin MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy MeSH
- monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- peroxidy MeSH
- pyrethriny MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu MeSH
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The use of Hazomalania voyronii, popularly known as hazomalana, to repel mosquitoes and resist against insect attacks is handed down from generation to generation in Madagascar. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from the stem wood, fresh and dry bark of H. voyronii to keep important mosquito vectors (Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus) away, as well as their toxicity on three insect species of agricultural and public health importance (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Musca domestica and Spodoptera littoralis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydrodistillation was used to obtain EOs from stem wood, fresh and dry bark. The chemical compositions were achieved by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicity assays using stem wood and bark EOs were performed on larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis, and adults of M. domestica by WHO and topical application methods, respectively. Mosquito repellent activity of the most effective EO, i.e. the bark one, was determined on human volunteers by arm-in-cage tests, and results were compared with that of the commercial repellent N,N-ddiethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). RESULTS: The H. voyronii EOs were characterized by oxygenated monoterpenes with perilla aldehyde (30.9-47.9%) and 1,8-cineole (19.7-33.2%) as the main constituents. The fresh and dry bark EOs were the most active on Cx. quinquefasciatus and S. littoralis larvae, respectively, with LC50/LD50 of 65.5 mg L-1, and 50.5 μg larva-1; the EOs from wood and fresh bark displayed the highest toxicity on M. domestica (LD50 values 60.8 and 65.8 μg adult-1, respectively). Repellence assay revealed an almost complete protection (>80%) from both mosquito species for 30 min when pure fresh bark EO was applied on the volunteers' arm, while DEET 10% repelled >80% of the mosquitoes up to 120 min from application. CONCLUSION: The traditional use of the bark EO to repel insects has been demonstrated although an extended-release formulation based on H. voyronii EOs is needed to increase the repellent effect over time. A wide spectrum of insecticidal activity has been provided as well, suggesting a possible use of H. voyronii EOs in the fabrication of green repellents and insecticides useful to control mosquito vectors and agricultural pests.
- Klíčová slova
- Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Dengue, Insecticides, Mosquito repellent, Musca domestica, Spodoptera littoralis, Zika virus,
- MeSH
- Aedes účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Culex účinky léků embryologie MeSH
- diethyltoluamid farmakologie MeSH
- dřevo * chemie MeSH
- Hernandiaceae * chemie MeSH
- kůra rostlin * chemie MeSH
- larva účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moskyti - kontrola * MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- oleje prchavé izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků embryologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- diethyltoluamid MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu MeSH
