Fifty-five strains of enterococci isolated from the piglet intestine were characterized in vitro for probiotic activity. Identification of the isolates revealed Enterococcus faecium as the predominant species (84 %). Forty strains (73 %) were found to produce bacteriocin-like substances (only into solid media) with activity almost only toward Gram-positive genera. Thirty-eight % of strains were resistant to tetracycline, 27 % to chloramphenicol, 18 % to erythromycin and 16 % to vancomycin. In addition to control of strain safety, 6 % of isolates were beta-hemolytic and 16 % produced gelatinase. Seven strains selected for further probiotic assays exhibited sufficient survival rate at pH 3.0 after 3 h, in the presence of 1 % ox-bile and lysozyme after 1 d (over 107 CFU/mL in all tests). The adhesion of tested strains to porcine and human intestinal mucus was found in a similar range (1.4-14.0 % and 1.4-17.6 %, respectively). In accordance with current research effort to use and/or to combine various health promoting substances, the sensitivity of all isolates toward plant extracts and toward bacteriocins produced by animal and environmental strains was determined. All enterococci were sensitive toward oregano and sage extracts and toward one (E. faecium EF55--chicken isolate, activity of 25 600 AU/mL) of ten bacteriocin substances. It means that a similar anti-enterococcal potential of some bacteriocin substances may be observed as for certain plant extracts.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibióza MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• dobromysl (rod) chemie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyseliny toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• muciny metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• kyseliny MeSH
• muciny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in rabbit feces, cecum and meat and its enterotoxin production, susceptibility to antibiotics and its sensitivity or resistance to bacteriocins produced by enterococci with probiotic properties were determined. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, phosphomycin and methicillin; a high percentage of susceptibility was also recorded to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and tobramycin. S. aureus isolates did not produce enterotoxins and were sensitive to partially purified enterocins (PPB) EK13, AL41 and EF2019 in the range of 100 to 12800 AU/mL; all S. aureus isolates, except the strain SA 2A/3, exhibited the highest sensitivity to PPB EK13. On the other hand, all strains were resistant to PPB CCM4231.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny metabolismus   MeSH
• cékum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin * MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH
• enterocin MeSH Prohlížeč
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny MeSH

Concentrated extracts of MRS (De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe) media in which probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium strain M-74 was grown exerted different antimutagenic activity against ofloxacin-, N-methyl, N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine- and sodium 5-nitro-2-furylacrylate-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium assay depending on the presence (+Se) or absence of disodium selenite pentahydrate (-Se). The antimutagenicity of MRS(+Se) extract was higher than that of MRS(-Se) extract. Selenium enhanced also the antimutagenic effect of both live and killed cells of E. faecium M-74, respectively. The live bacteria decreased the mutagenicity of selected substances more than killed cells. Synergic activity of selenium with the bacterium was also manifested.

• MeSH
• antimutagenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• mutageneze účinky léků   MeSH
• mutageny toxicita   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• selen farmakologie   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antimutagenní látky MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• selen MeSH

Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of diversity among bacteriocins produced by strains of Bacillus sphaericus. Bacteriocin bands of six strains (pathogenic and non pathogenic) were found to be located just below the stacking gel. However, in two other strains (1 pathogenic and 1 collection strain) more than one protein band with bacteriocin activity were seen in the middle of resolving gel. In bacteriocin-treated cultures, electron-microscopy studies revealed the growth of lysedswollen ghost cells, and loss of viability among sensitive strains.

• MeSH
• Bacillus účinky léků   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Culicidae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• larva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH

The genetic basis of the fungicidal activity of strains of Lactobacillus brevis and L. fermentum isolated from indigenous fermented foods was determined. A 5.5-kb plasmid was isolated from L. brevis while L. Fermentum was found to harbor no plasmid. Plasmid curing indicated no correlation between the plasmid and the fungicidal activity of the Lactobacillus species. The fungicidal activity of the isolated organisms can be supposed to be mediated by the chromosome. No antibiotic resistance genetic markers were detected on the plasmid and hence it was classified as cryptic.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antifungální látky metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální chromozomy * MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Fabaceae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH

A strain of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Bulgarian yellow cheese "kashkaval" produced a bacteriocin-like substance named enterococcin A 2000. The antibacterial substance had a low molar mass (< 2 kDa), was relatively stable toward heat but was sensitive to selected proteolytic enzymes. It was active against Gram-positive bacteria including enterococci, such as Listeria, Bacillus and Streptococcus, and also against Gram-negative E. coli. Production of enterococcin A 2000 has a maximum near the end of the exponential phase of producer growth. The peptide was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, butanol extraction, followed by cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. A partial sequence of purified enterococcin A 2000 indicated that this substance does not belong to the class IIa of bacteriocins presenting the consensus anti-Listeria motif YGNGV.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální RNA genetika   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium chemie   genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• Listeria účinky léků   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 23S genetika   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální RNA MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 23S MeSH

The production of a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide enterococcin A 2000, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms including Listeria subsp. and Escherichia coli, by Enterococcus faecium strain A 2000 isolated from the surface of traditional Bulgarian yellow cheese "kash-kaval" is considerably influenced by complex nitrogen sources in the production medium. Medium components, especially peptone and yeast extract, and their concentration contributed to the increase in bacteriocin production during the stationary phase (16-46 h) of cultivation even in the absence of one of the components present in the basal cultivation MRS medium.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• kvasinky metabolismus   MeSH
• Listeria metabolismus   MeSH
• peptony metabolismus   MeSH
• sýr MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• peptony MeSH

Two DNA-based techniques were used for species identification of enterococci. PvuII digestion of the genus-specific PCR product yielded four different restriction profiles among 20 enterococcal species; one of them was species-specific for E. faecium. In the second case, 32 reference strains belonging to 20 enterococcal species were divided to 12 groups by amplification of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA operon. Interspecies and some intraspecies profile variability was determined. Both methods gave similar results.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• intergenová DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• protozoální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases MeSH Prohlížeč
• intergenová DNA MeSH
• protozoální DNA MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH

Bacteriocins produced by ruminal as well as environmental isolates were found to be heat-stable antimicrobial substances with a broad inhibitory spectrum (including Gram-negative species and sanitary-important species). The exponential phase of growth and pH 4-7 were optimal for their production. After purification, some of them were sequenced and specified.

• MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Listeria monocytogenes účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH

The bacteriocin production by Enterococcus faecium strain in cheese milk and cheese was demonstrated. Purified enterocin CCM 4231 exhibited an anti-listerial effect during Saint-Paulin cheese manufacture. During cheese production the strain grew to a final concentration of 10.1 +/- 0.01 log CFU per mL per g in cheese. Then only a slight decrease of the cell concentration was noticed during ripening and was almost stable for 8 weeks. No significant differences in pH were observed between the experimental and reference cheeses. Bacteriocin production during cheese manufacture was detected only in milk samples and curd, reaching a level of 100 AU/mL. After addition of purified enterocin CCM 4231 (concentration 3200 AU/mL) into the experimental cheese, the initial concentration of 6.7 +/- 0.06 log CFU per mL of Listeria monocytogenes Ohio was reduced up to 1.9 +/- 0.01 log CFU per mL per g. After 6 weeks and at the end of the experiment the difference of surviving cells of L. monocytogenes Ohio in ECH was only one or 0.7 log cycle compared to the control cheese. Although enterocin CCM 4231 partially inhibited L. monocytogenes in Saint-Paulin cheese manufacture, an inhibitory effect of enterocin added was shown in 1-week cheese; however, it was not possible to detect bacteriocin activity by the agar spot test. The traditional fermentation and ripening process was not disturbed, resulting in acceptable end-products, including sensory aspects.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus metabolismus   MeSH
• Listeria monocytogenes účinky léků   MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH