Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine with multifaceted effects playing a remarkable role in the initiation of the immune response. The increased level of this cytokine in the elderly seems to be associated with the chronic inflammatory setting of the microenvironment in aged individuals. IL-6 also represents one of the main signals in communication between cancer cells and their non-malignant neighbours within the tumour niche. IL-6 also participates in the development of a premetastatic niche and in the adjustment of the metabolism in terminal-stage patients suffering from a malignant disease. IL-6 is a fundamental factor of the cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19, where it is responsible for the fatal outcome of the disease. A better understanding of the role of IL-6 under physiological as well as pathological conditions and the preparation of new strategies for the therapeutic control of the IL-6 axis may help to manage the problems associated with the elderly, cancer, and serious viral infections.

BIOCEV 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

BIOCEV Faculty of Science Charles University 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

Centre for Tumour Ecology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Praha 6 Czech Republic

Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Dermatovenereology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital 120 00 Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Anatomy Fist Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics Institute of Molecular Genetics Czech Academy of Sciences 140 00 Prague 4 Czech Republic

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