Recent evidence indicates that targeting IL-6 provides broad therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In patients with cancer, autoimmune diseases, severe respiratory infections [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] and wound healing, IL-6 plays a critical role in modulating the systemic and local microenvironment. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 interfere with the systemic immune response and are associated with disease progression and prognosis. As already noted, monoclonal antibodies blocking either IL-6 or binding of IL-6 to receptors have been used/tested successfully in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, many cancer types, and COVID-19. Therefore, in the present review, we compare the impact of IL-6 and anti-IL-6 therapy to demonstrate common (pathological) features of the studied diseases such as formation of granulation tissue with the presence of myofibroblasts and deposition of new extracellular matrix. We also discuss abnormal activation of other wound-healing-related pathways that have been implicated in autoimmune disorders, cancer or COVID-19.

BIOCEV 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

BIOCEV Faculty of Science Charles University 252 50 Vestec Czech Republic

Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Department of Biomedical Research East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Košice Slovak Republic

Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Science Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Dermatovenereology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Infectious Diseases 1st Faculty of Medicine Military University Hospital Prague and Charles University 160 00 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Department of Pharmacology Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic

Institute of Anatomy 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Institute of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University 120 00 Praha 2 Czech Republic

Prague Burn Centre 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady Prague Czech Republic

The Fingerland Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové Charles University 500 05 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

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