- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
A survey of the occurrence of mycobacteria was conducted from 717 freshwater fish (25 species) in two water reservoirs, five ponds and two farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 2182 tissue samples from these fish were examined using the conventional culture method. Thirteen mycobacterial isolates were obtained from 12 (1.7%) fish belonging to nine species. Isolates were identified using sequence analysis of the 16SrRNA gene as: Mycobacterium algericum, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. insubricum, M. kumamotonense, M. nonchromogenicum, two isolates of M. peregrinum, M. terrae and M. triplex. Mycobacteria were isolated more frequently from fish skin and gills than from internal organs or muscles.
- MeSH
- Mycobacterium genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mykobakteriózy epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- rybníky MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- sladká voda MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The occurrence of staphylococci and enterococci expressing increased resistance to erythromycin (ERY) and, in particular, to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B) ) antibiotics was investigated in dairy cattle, pigs and turkeys. Three hundred rectal (cloacal) swabs of each animal species were examined. A total of 120 and 71 staphylococci and enterococci, respectively, with increased resistance to ERY were identified. These were most frequent in turkeys (42.3% of positive animals), followed by pigs and dairy cattle (6.7% and 6.0% of positive animals, respectively). Similarly, MLS(B) -resistant isolates colonized predominantly turkeys (29.7% of animals), while their occurrence in pigs and dairy cattle was only sporadic (0.8% of animals). At least one of the erm genes encoding for MLS(B) resistance was found in 56.7% and 69.0% of staphylococci and enterococci, respectively. The erm(C) gene prevailed in staphylococci while the erm(B) gene was predominant in enterococci. Macrolide efflux genes msr(A) and msr(C) were also frequent in staphylococci and enterococci, respectively. Macrolide inactivation gene mph(C) occurred mainly in staphylococci. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance was rarely detected (7.5% of isolates), but resistance to telithromycin (ketolides) was frequent in both staphylococci and enterococci (89.2% and 47.9% of isolates, respectively). This study showed that turkeys represent an important source of ERY (MLS(B) )-resistant cocci. In addition, resistance to ketolides was also frequent.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny účinky léků MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Enterococcus účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- erythromycin farmakologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- krocani MeSH
- linkosamidy farmakologie MeSH
- makrolidy farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- skot MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- streptogramin B farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tissues of cattle intended for human consumption can be contaminated by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Although different studies attribute varying roles of MAP in Crohn's disease progression it is thought that the exposure of humans to this bacterium should in any case be minimised. In this study, we have collected samples of intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, muscles of diaphragm (musculus diaphragma) and masseter muscles (musculus masseter) from twenty-five cows in a slaughterhouse. The infectious status of all animals was confirmed by culture of faeces. MAP was found in almost all the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes examined, including three faecal culture-negative animals indicating intermittent shedding. As intestine is used for the traditional production of sausages, it is alarming that 84.2% of intestine samples were positive for MAP. F57 and IS900 real time PCR revealed MAP in 40 to 68% of diaphragms and 11.1 to 38.9% of masseters. A noticeable dependence of the probability of MAP positivity of faeces versus gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and of GIT and muscles was observed. Due to the changing behaviour of consumers, both of these muscles have started to be widely used in cuisine. Therefore, the results of this paper imply that the processing of cows with paratuberculosis in abattoirs without any precautions (restrictions) and the usage of meat for human consumption should be rethought.
- MeSH
- bránice mikrobiologie MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- musculus masseter mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study focused on the development of a reliable and cost-efficient DNA isolation procedure for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in faeces by previously developed IS900 and F57 quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and their comparison with culture. The recovery of MAP DNA from the spiking experiments ranged from 29.1 to 102.4% of the input amount of MAP with median 37.9%. The limit of detection was determined to be 1.03 × 10(4) for F57 qPCR and 6.87 × 10(2)MAP cells per gram of faeces for IS900 qPCR, respectively. The developed technique for DNA isolation was coupled with IS900 qPCR and compared to traditional MAP culture using a cohort of 1906 faecal samples examined from 12 dairy cattle farms in our laboratory. From those 1906 original faecal samples, 875 were positive by IS900 qPCR and 169 by culture. None of the culture positive samples was negative by IS900 qPCR. This data facilitated development of a predictive model capable of estimating the probability of being culture positive by estimating the absolute number of MAP per gram of faeces as determined IS900 qPCR without performing the culture.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- nemoci skotu diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- paratuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody veterinární MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Resistance of staphylococci to methicillin is important especially in the case of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Its impact in veterinary medicine is not exactly specified in coagulase-negative staphylococci; however, these staphylococci may represent an important reservoir of resistance genes. The study aimed at detecting resistance to methicillin in coagulase-negative staphylococci from raw materials and foodstuffs of animal origin and assessing the tests frequently used to determine this resistance. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (198 isolates of 12 species) were tested. Resistance to methicillin was determined by the disk diffusion method using oxacillin and cefoxitin disks, microdilution method, detection of PBP2a and the mecA gene. Of the tested isolates, 109 (55.1%) were classified as resistant by the diffusion test with oxacillin, 32 isolates (16.2%) by the test with cefoxitin and 50 isolates (25.3%) on the basis of oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). No resistant isolates were incorrectly identified as susceptible when using the disk diffusion method with oxacillin (sensitivity of 100%). However, apart from 22 correctly classified resistant isolates, another 87 isolates were incorrectly identified as resistant as well (specificity of 50.6%). The test with cefoxitin showed the lowest (45.5%) sensitivity in determination of resistant isolates. By contrast, this test was the most precise in classification of resistant isolates (specificity of 87.5%). When using the microdilution method, resistant strains were identified with the sensitivity and specificity of 68.2% and 80.1%, respectively. The results revealed substantial variability of methicillin-resistant isolates ranging from 16.2% to 55.1%, depending on the phenotyping methods and recommended interpretation criteria used. Therefore, it is advisable to reconsider the current interpretation criteria in the case of coagulasenegative staphylococci of animal origin (with the exception of S. epidermidis).
- Klíčová slova
- gen mecA, koaguláza negativní stafylokoky,
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * genetika MeSH
- cefoxitin MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti klasifikace metody MeSH
- mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- mléko mikrobiologie MeSH
- oxacilin MeSH
- proteiny vázající penicilin izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rezistence na methicilin * MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Staphylococcus * genetika klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Different methods for the detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (MAA) in naturally infected hens were compared. They included the conventional culture method (solid Herrold's and Stonebrink media and liquid Sula medium) and newly developed liquid culture systems, the manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube (M-MGIT) and the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system (A-MGIT). 152 tissues originating from 15 naturally infected hens have been processed. The overall detection rates (percentage of positive cultures from the number of positive cultures determined by all the methods together) were 60, 70 and 76 % for the conventional media, M-MGIT and A-MGIT systems, respectively, the mean time of mycobacteria detection being 32.6, 17.6 and 14.6 d, respectively. The lowest contamination rate (2.0 %) was found in A-MGIT compared with M-MGIT (4.6 %) and conventional media (10.4 %).
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky veterinární MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy veterinární MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- kultivační média metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační techniky veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- Mycobacterium izolace a purifikace metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
