Cancer is one of the most serious public health issues worldwide, demanding ongoing efforts to find novel therapeutic agents and approaches. Amid growing interest in the oncological applications of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, resveratrol-a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene derivative-has emerged as a candidate of interest. This review analyzes the pleiotropic anti-cancer effects of resveratrol, including its modulation of apoptotic pathways, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, its interaction with cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment. The effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial functions, which are crucial to cancer development, are also discussed. Future research directions are identified, including the elucidation of specific molecular targets, to facilitate the clinical translation of resveratrol in cancer prevention and therapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Collagen is essential as a physiological material in wound healing, so it is often used in wound management, mainly as a lyophilisate. Collagen also has excellent film-forming properties; unfortunately, however, its utilisation as a film wound dressing is limited because of its weak mechanical properties, especially in its wet state. For this reason, modifications or combinations with different materials are investigated. The combination of collagen with partially modified microfibrillar carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which has not previously been described, provided a new possibility for strengthening collagen films and was the aim of this work. The collagen-CMC films based on three types of collagens, two plasticizers and two collagen. Plasticiser ratios were prepared using the solvent casting method; partially modified CMC served here as both a film-forming agent and a filler, without compromising the transparency of the films. The presence of microfibrils was confirmed microscopically by SEM. Organoleptic and physicochemical evaluation, especially in terms of practical application on wounds, demonstrated that all the samples had satisfactory properties for this purpose even after wetting. All the films retained acidic pH values even after 24 h, with a maximum of 6.27 ± 0.17, and showed a mild degree of swelling, with a maximum of about 6 after 24 h.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants from the family Cannabidaceae have been used since ancient times, to produce fibers, oil, and for medicinal purposes. Psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) are the main pharmacologically active compounds of Cannabis sativa. These compounds have, for a long time, been under extensive investigation, and their potent antioxidant and inflammatory properties have been reported, although the detailed mechanisms of their actions have not been fully clarified. CB1 receptors are suggested to be responsible for the analgesic effect of THC, while CB2 receptors may account for its immunomodulatory properties. Unlike THC, CBD has a very low affinity for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and behaves as their negative allosteric modulator. CBD activity, as a CB2 receptor inverse agonist, could be important for CBD anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the chemical properties and bioavailability of THC and CBD, their main mechanisms of action, and their role in oxidative stress and inflammation.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Aluminum accumulation, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in erythrocytes and brain and liver homogenates of BALB/c mice treated with Al3+ (7.5 mg/kg/day (0.15 LD50) as AlCl3 (37.08 mg/kg/day), whereas HCl (30.41 mg/kg/day) was used as Cl- control, the treatments were performed for 21 days, i.p., in the presence and absence of rosmarinic acid (0.2805 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.) or carvacrol (0.0405 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.). The treatment with AlCl3 increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes only slightly and had no effect on brain and liver homogenates. Rosmarinic acid and carvacrol strongly increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes but decreased it in brain and liver homogenates. However, AlCl3 treatment led to Al accumulation in mice blood, brain, and liver and induced oxidative stress, assessed based on MDA concentration in the brain and liver. Both rosmarinic acid and carvacrol were able to counteract the negative Al effect by decreasing its accumulation and protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation. AlCl3 treatment increased CAT activity in mice brain and liver homogenates, whereas the administration of either rosmarinic acid or carvacrol alone or in combination with AlCl3 had no significant effect on CAT activity. SOD activity remained unchanged after all the treatments in our study. We propose that natural herbal phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol could be used to protect brain and liver against aluminum induced oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- cinnamáty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- cymeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- depsidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- erytrocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- hliník škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- malondialdehyd metabolismus MeSH
- mozek účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kolagen je nejhojněji zastoupeným proteinem lidského těla a hojně využívaným biomateriálem napříč odvětvími právě díky svým příznivým vlastnostem vyplývajícím z jeho fyziologické blízkosti. Má klíčovou roli v procesu hojení ran i reparace tkání, a proto je využíván v moderních krycích prostředcích na rány v různých formách – ať už samostatně, nebo v kombinaci s jinými materiály. Potencionální využití pro tyto účely nabízí i kolagenové filmy, neboť kolagen je látka s dobrými filmotvornými vlastnostmi, nacházejícími uplatnění v potravinářství. Samotné kolagenové filmy bez další úpravy mají slabší mechanické vlastnosti, což je v případě aplikace na ránu nevyhovující. Z tohoto důvodu je snaha kolagen modifikovat anebo jej kombinovat s jinými materiály. Proto cílem našeho experimentu byla příprava dvouvrstvých filmů z kolagenu v kombinaci s karboxy-methylcelulosou (CMC). CMC ve spodní vrstvě měla za cíl zpevnění filmů, snížení spotřeby použitého kolagenu a zajištění vhodných aplikačních vlastností. Organoleptické hodnocení, stanovení pH, nasákavosti i testování mechanických vlastností připravených filmů potvrdilo, že připravené filmy vykazují vyhovující aplikační parametry na ránu.
Collagen is the most abundant protein of the human body and a widely used biomaterial across sectors due to its favourable properties resulting from its physiological proximity. It plays a key role in the process of wound healing and tissue repair and is therefore used in modern wound dressings in various forms, either alone or in combination with other materials. Collagen films also offer potential applications for these purposes, because collagen has good film-forming properties and is commonly used in the food industry. The collagen films themselves, without further treatment, have weak mechanical properties, which is unsatisfactory when applied to a wound. For this reason, there is an effort to modify or to combine collagen with other materials. Therefore, the aim of our experiment was the preparation of bilayer films from collagen in combination with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The CMC in the bottom layer had a goal to strengthen the films, reduce the consumption of used collagen and to ensure suitable application properties. Organoleptic evaluation, pH determination, swelling properties evaluation and testing of the mechanical properties of the prepared films confirmed that the prepared films exhibited satisfactory application parameters for the wound.
- Klíčová slova
- filmová krytí, karboxymethylcelulosa,
- MeSH
- hojení ran * MeSH
- kolagen * terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Přehledový článek se zaměřuje na charakterizaci (meth) akrylátových kopolymerů – Eudragitů®, popis jejich chování při tepelném ošetření, možné interakce mezi kationtovými a aniontovými polymery, inkompatibility související s Eudragity® a na jejich využití v oblasti farmaceutické technologie perorálních tablet. V přehledu jsou rozděleny na rozpustné, nerozpustné a kombinaci těchto dvou typů. Právě kombinací rozpustného a nerozpustného poly(meth)akrylátu byl získán nový typ polymeru, Eudragit® FL. V technologii perorálních tablet se Eudragity® hojně využívají v matricových tabletách, a to samostatně nebo i v kombinacích, kde zajišťují zejména prodloužené uvolňování léčiva. V menší míře se využívají v gastroretentivních systémech. Naopak velký význam mají Eudragity® v technologii potahovaných tablet, kde tyto enterosolventní polymery zajišťují specifické směřování léčiva do určitých částí trávicího traktu, zejména do tenkého střeva nebo kolonu. Jsou zde zmíněny důležité systémy jako CODESTM a MMX® technologie. V neposlední řadě je uvedena přehledová tabulka zahrnující aktuálně dostupné perorální léčivé přípravky na českém trhu, u kterých byl jako filmotvorná látka využit některý z Eudragitů®.
This review focuses on the characterization of (meth)acrylate copolymers – Eudragit®, describing their thermal treatment behaviour, possible interactions between cationic and anionic polymers, incompatibilities related to Eudragits® and their use in the pharmaceutical technology of oral tablets. In summary, Eudragit® copolymers are divided into soluble ones, insoluble ones and a combination of these two types. The combination of soluble and insoluble poly(meth)acrylate gave a new type of polymer, Eudragit® FL. In oral tablet technology, Eudragits® are widely used in matrix tablets, either alone or in combination, where they mainly provide sustained drug release. To a lesser extent, Eudragits® are used in gastroretentive systems. Moreover, Eudragits® are also of great importance in coated tablets technology, where these enteric polymers provide specific drug targeting to certain parts of the digestive tract, mainly to the small intestine or colon. Important systems such as CODESTM and MMX® technology are mentioned. Last but not least an overview table of currently available oral medicinal products on the Czech market, where at least one of the Eudragits® was used as a film-forming agent, is included.
- Klíčová slova
- Eudragit, matricové tablety, flotující tablety, acidorezistentní tablety, burst efekt, přívod léčiva do kolonu,
- MeSH
- enterosolventní tablety MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie MeSH
- kyseliny polymethakrylové MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem * MeSH
- methylmetakryláty MeSH
- nosiče léků * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of this study was optimization of spray-drying process conditions for microencapsulation of Turkish oregano extract. Different concentrations of maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulating agents (wall material) as well as influence of selected processing variables were evaluated. The optimal conditions were maintained on the basis of the load of main bioactive compounds - ursolic, rosmarinic acids and carvacrol - in prepared microparticles after comparison of all significant response variables using desirability function. Physicomechanical properties of powders such as flowability, wettability, solubility, moisture content as well as product yield, encapsulation efficiency (EE), density, morphology and size distribution of prepared microparticles have been determined. The results demonstrated that the optimal conditions for spray-drying mixture consisted of two parts of wall material solution and one part of ethanolic oregano extract when the feed flow rate was 40 mL/min and air inlet temperature -170 °C. Optimal concentration of wall materials in solution was 20% while the ratio of maltodextrin and gum arabic was 8.74:1.26.
- MeSH
- arabská guma MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) * MeSH
- příprava léků * MeSH
- tobolky MeSH
- vysoušení MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the presented research was to formulate, prepare and evaluate novel film wound dressings containing lidocaine hydrochloride. The conversion of partially substituted fibrous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to an acidic form of CMC enabled the formation of an insoluble matrix which consequently provided the prepared films with excellent handling properties in their wet state. The drug concentration which was incorporated into an external layer of the film was 5 mg/cm2. The films demonstrated satisfactory mass and drug content uniformity as well as an acidic surface pH advantageous for wound application. An in vitro drug release test proved that the insoluble CMC matrix served as a reliable carrier without slowing down the release of lidocaine hydrochloride − more than 90% of the drug was released during the first 15 min, indicating a quick rate of anesthetic action. The prepared films could be potential wound dressings for comfortable and efficient topical anesthesia before/after procedures on the wound.
- MeSH
- anestetika lokální * MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- farmaceutická chemie MeSH
- lékové formy MeSH
- lékové transportní systémy MeSH
- lidokain MeSH
- lokální anestezie MeSH
- nosiče léků chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- obvazy * MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- rány a poranění terapie MeSH
- sodná sůl karboxymethylcelulosy * chemie MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of our study was to increase the extraction efficiency of carvacrol, rosmarinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid from the different species of oregano herbs (Origanum onites L., Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum and Origanum vulgare L.). Various extraction methods (ultrasound-assisted, heat-reflux, continuous stirring, maceration, percolation) and extraction conditions (different solvent, material:solvent ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time) were used, and the active substances were determined by HPLC. The lowest content of carvacrol, rosmarinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid was obtained by percolation. During heat-reflux extraction, the content of active substances depended on the solvent used: ethanol/non-aqueous solvent (glycerol or propylene glycol) mixture was more effective compared with ethanol alone. The results showed that for each species of oregano the most optimal extraction method should be selected to maximize the content of biologically active substances in the extracts.
- MeSH
- cinnamáty izolace a purifikace MeSH
- depsidy izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) chemie klasifikace MeSH
- kyselina olenalová izolace a purifikace MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- monoterpeny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- triterpeny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Effective assessment and management of wound pain can facilitate both improvements in healing rates and overall quality of life. From a pharmacological perspective, topical application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of film wound dressings may be a good choice. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop novel layered film wound dressings containing ibuprofen based on partially substituted fibrous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (nonwoven textile Hcel NaT). To this end, an innovative solvent casting method using a sequential coating technique has been applied. The concentration of ibuprofen which was incorporated as an acetone solution or as a suspension in a sodium carboxymethylcellulose dispersion was 0.5 mg/cm(2) and 1.0 mg/cm(2) of film. Results showed that developed films had adequate mechanical and swelling properties and an advantageous acidic surface pH for wound application. An in vitro drug release study implied that layered films retained the drug for a longer period of time and thus could minimize the frequency of changing the dressing. Films with suspended ibuprofen demonstrated higher drug content uniformity and superior in vitro drug release characteristics in comparison with ibuprofen incorporation as an acetone solution. Prepared films could be potential wound dressings for the effective treatment of wound pain in low exuding wounds.
