Striosomes and matrix are two compartments that comprise the striatum, each having its own distinct immunohistochemical properties, function, and connectivity. It is currently not clear whether prodromal or early manifest Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with any striatal matrix or striosomal abnormality. Recently, a method of striatal parcellation using probabilistic tractography has been described and validated, using the distinct connectivity of these two compartments to identify voxels with striosome- and matrix-like connectivity. The goal of this study was to use this approach in tandem with DAT-SPECT, a method used to quantify the level of nigrostriatal denervation, to analyze the striatum in populations of de novo diagnosed, treatment-naïve patients with PD, isolated REM behavioral disorder (iRBD) patients, and healthy controls. We discovered a shift in striatal connectivity, which showed correlation with nigrostriatal denervation. Patients with PD exhibited a significantly higher matrix-like volume and associated connectivity than healthy controls and higher matrix-associated connectivity than iRBD patients. In contrast, the side with less pronounced nigrostriatal denervation in PD and iRBD patients showed a decrease in striosome-like volume and associated connectivity indices. These findings could point to a compensatory neuroplastic mechanism in the context of nigrostriatal denervation and open a new avenue in the investigation of the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: AntiCD20 therapy, such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, or ofatumumab, effectively treats patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) but negatively affects the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. One strategy to protect these patients is using tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of T/C on the incidence of COVID-19 in pwMS and pwNMOSD. METHODS: Data in this observational cohort study were collected in two Czech MS centres through ReMuS registry between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. Adult pwMS and pwNMOSD who were (1) treated with antiCD20 therapy at least six months before T/C administration, or at least from February 1, 2022 in the control group; (2) were already on antiCD20 therapy at the time of vaccination or COVID-19 infection; and (3) were on antiCD20 therapy at least 100 days after T/C, or at least 90 days after August 1, 2022 in the control group, were included. Analysis was performed using frequency-based (propensity score matching) and Bayesian statistical methods (informative and non-informative priors). RESULTS: Using propensity score matching 1:1, 47 patients who received T/C (mean age 45.7 years, median disease duration 12.5 years) were matched with those who did not receive T/C (n = 341; mean age 46.6 years, median disease duration 11.4 years) based on age, MS/NMOSD duration, and number of vaccine doses. None of the T/C patients and three in the control matched group, developed COVID-19 between 10 and 100 days after receiving T/C, August 1, 2022, respectively. The frequency of COVID-19 was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.242). Due to the low number of patients, a Bayesian analysis was also added. Using a non-informative Bayesian prior, the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 7.6 % (95 % CrI 0.02-115.9 %). The posterior probability of risk difference lower than zero was 96.4 %. Using an informative prior (based on the registration study of Evusheld), the median relative risk of COVID-19 after T/C was 20.2 % (95 % CI 8.4-43.8 %). The posterior probability of the risk difference lower than zero was 100 %. CONCLUSION: This work highlights the possible good efficacy of T/C in antiCD20-treated pwMS and pwNMSOD. Based on Bayesian analysis with an informative prior, the T/C group's risk of COVID-19 infection was approximately 20.2 % of the control group's risk. However, given the low frequency of COVID-19, the results of this pilot analysis must be interpreted with caution.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunologické faktory MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * farmakoterapie MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe metody MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Ve squashi vznikají různé strategické a taktické situace, kdy se musí hráč rozhodnout, jakým způsoben na ně bude reagovat a jaký typ úderu použije. Herní indikátor tempa hry není dosud zaveden ve squashi a jeho hodnoty nejsou zatím známé. Cílem je zjistit jaké jsou herní charakteristiky a tempo hry ve squashových utkáních na elitní úrovni žen u turnajů Profesionální squashové asociace. Sledovali jsme videozáznamy z utkání žen na elitní úrovni squashe. Celkem jsme analyzovali 10014 úderů v 11 utkání. Průměrný počet úderů v rozehře činil u žen 12,4 ± 2,5 a tempo hry 1,39± 0,05 s. Mezi vítězkami a poraženými nebylo dosaženo žádné statistické významnosti u tempa hry jednotlivých úderů. Z hlediska četnosti odehrály hráčky úder bekhendem v 64 % případů a nejčastější chybou byl zásah do spodního autu na přední stěně (63 %). Tyto zjištěné herní indikátory nám ukazují jaké má charakteristiky herní výkon na elitní squashové úrovni žen. Tyto informace mohou v praxi pomoci trenérům a hráčkám při tvorbě tréninkových jednotek a strategie.
In squash, various strategic and tactical situations arise where the player has to decide how to react and what type of shot to choose. The rally pace is not established in squash. The aim is to find out the game characteristics and rally pace in elite-level women's squash matches at Professional Squash Association tournaments.We watched video recordings of women's matches at the elite level of squash. In total, we analysed 10014 shots in 11 matches. The average number of shots in the women's matches was 12.4 ± 2.5, and the tally pace reached 1.39 ± 0.05 s. There was no statistical significance between winners and losers for the rally pace of specific shots. In terms of shot frequency, the female players hit the backhand shot in 64 % of the cases, and the most common error was when the player hit the ball too low onto the front wall (63 %). These observed game indicators show the characteristics of game performance at the elite women's squash level. In practice, these pieces of information can help coaches and female players to develop training units and strategies.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * MeSH
- sakadické oční pohyby MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) and abnormal dopamine transporter-single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) are biomarkers commonly used in the assessment of prodromal synucleinopathy. Our goals were as follows: (1) to compare echogenicity of SN in idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder (iRBD), Parkinson's disease (PD) without RBD (PD-noRBD), PD with RBD (PD + RBD), and control subjects; and (2) to examine association between SN degeneration assessed by DAT-SPECT and SN echogenicity. PATIENTS/METHODS: A total of 61 subjects with confirmed iRBD were examined using Movement Disorders Society-unified PD rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), TCS (transcranial sonography) and DAT-SPECT. The results were compared with 44 patients with PD (25% PD + RBD) and with 120 age-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The abnormal SN area was found in 75.5% PD, 23% iRBD and 7.3% controls. Median SN echogenicity area in PD (0.27 ± 0.22 cm2) was higher compared to iRBD (0.07 ± 0.07 cm2; p < 0.0001) and controls (0.05 ± 0.03 cm2; p < 0.0001). SN echogenicity in PD + RBD was not significantly different from PD-noRBD (0.30 vs. 0.22, p = 0.15). Abnormal DAT-SPECT was found in 16 iRBD (25.4%) and 44 PD subjects (100%). No correlation between the larger SN area and corresponding putaminal binding index was found in iRBD (r = -0.13, p = 0.29), nor in PD (r = -0.19, p = 0.22). The results of our study showed that: (1) SN echogenicity area in iRBD was higher compared to controls, but the hyperechogenicity was present only in a minority of iRBD patients; (2) SN echogenicity and DAT-SPECT binding index did not correlate in either group; and (3) SN echogenicity does not differ between PD with/without RBD.
- MeSH
- jednofotonová emisní výpočetní tomografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nortropany MeSH
- porucha chování v REM spánku * diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu MeSH
- substantia nigra * diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- synukleinopatie * diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIMS: In Wilson disease (WD), T2/T2*-weighted (T2*w) MRI frequently shows hypointensity in the basal ganglia that is suggestive of paramagnetic deposits. It is currently unknown whether this hypointensity is related to copper or iron deposition. We examined the neuropathological correlates of this MRI pattern, particularly in relation to iron and copper concentrations. METHODS: Brain slices from nine WD and six control cases were investigated using a 7T-MRI system. High-resolution T2*w images were acquired and R2* parametric maps were reconstructed using a multigradient recalled echo sequence. R2* was measured in the globus pallidus (GP) and the putamen. Corresponding histopathological sections containing the lentiform nucleus were examined using Turnbull iron staining, and double staining combining Turnbull with immunohistochemistry for macrophages or astrocytes. Quantitative densitometry of the iron staining as well as copper and iron concentrations were measured in the GP and putamen and correlated with R2* values. RESULTS: T2*w hypointensity in the GP and/or putamen was apparent in WD cases and R2* values correlated with quantitative densitometry of iron staining. In WD, iron and copper concentrations were increased in the putamen compared to controls. R2* was correlated with the iron concentration in the GP and putamen, whereas no correlation was observed for the copper concentration. Patients with more pronounced pathological severity in the putamen displayed increased iron concentration, which correlated with an elevated number of iron-containing macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: T2/T2*w hypointensity observed in vivo in the basal ganglia of WD patients is related to iron rather than copper deposits.
- MeSH
- astrocyty MeSH
- bazální ganglia diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus patologie MeSH
- corpus striatum metabolismus patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- makrofágy MeSH
- měď metabolismus MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Potential differences between primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis are the subject of ongoing controversial discussions. The aim of this work was to determine whether and how primary-progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis subtypes differ regarding conventional MR imaging parameters, cerebral iron deposits, and their association with clinical status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 24 patients with primary-progressive MS, 80 with relapsing-remitting MS, and 20 healthy controls with 1.5T MR imaging for assessment of the conventional quantitative parameters: T2 lesion load, T1 lesion load, brain parenchymal fraction, and corpus callosum volume. Quantitative susceptibility mapping was performed to estimate iron concentration in the deep gray matter. RESULTS: Decreased susceptibility within the thalamus in relapsing-remitting MS compared with primary-progressive MS was the only significant MR imaging difference between these MS subtypes. In the relapsing-remitting MS subgroup, the Expanded Disability Status Scale score was positively associated with conventional parameters reflecting white matter lesions and brain atrophy and with iron in the putamen and caudate nucleus. A positive association with putaminal iron and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score was found in primary-progressive MS. CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility in the thalamus might provide additional support for the differentiation between primary-progressive and relapsing-remitting MS. That the Expanded Disability Status Scale score was associated with conventional MR imaging parameters and iron concentrations in several deep gray matter regions in relapsing-remitting MS, while only a weak association with putaminal iron was observed in primary-progressive MS suggests different driving forces of disability in these MS subtypes.
- MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- thalamus chemie patologie MeSH
- železo analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Purpose: Transcranial B-mode sonography (TCS) of brain parenchyma is increasingly used as a diagnostic tool for movement disorders. Accordingly, experimental B-Mode Assist software was developed to enable digitized analysis of the echogenicity of predefined brain regions. The aim of the study was to assess the reproducibility of digitized TCS image analysis of the insula. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 patients with an indication for neurosonological examination were screened for participation in the study. The insula was imaged from the right temporal bone window using Virtual Navigator and TCS-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) fusion imaging. All subjects were examined three times by two experienced sonographers. Corresponding images of the insula in the axial thalamic plane were encoded and digitally analyzed. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for the assessment of intra- and inter-reader as well as intra- and inter-investigator reliabilities. Results: TCS images of 114 patients were evaluated (21 patients with TIA, 53 patients with headache, 18 patients with essential tremor, 22 patients with neurodegerative disease). 16 patients were excluded from analysis due to insufficient bone window. The intra-reader, inter-reader, intra-investigator and inter-investigator ICCs/Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were 0.995/0.993, 0.937/0.921, 0.969/0.961 and 0.875/0.858, resp. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a high reliability to reproduce echogenicity values of the insula using digitized image analysis and TCS-MRI fusion images with almost perfect intra-reader, inter-reader, intra-investigator and inter-investigator agreement.
- MeSH
- bolesti hlavy diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- esenciální tremor diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- kontrastní látky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování metody MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- thalamus diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- tranzitorní ischemická ataka diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská transkraniální metody MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
