The initial activation step in the gating of ubiquitously expressed Orai1 calcium (Ca2+) ion channels represents the activation of the Ca2+-sensor protein STIM1 upon Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies using constitutively active Orai1 mutants gave rise to, but did not directly test, the hypothesis that STIM1-mediated Orai1 pore opening is accompanied by a global conformational change of all Orai transmembrane domain (TM) helices within the channel complex. We prove that a local conformational change spreads omnidirectionally within the Orai1 complex. Our results demonstrate that these locally induced global, opening-permissive TM motions are indispensable for pore opening and require clearance of a series of Orai1 gating checkpoints. We discovered these gating checkpoints in the middle and cytosolic extended TM domain regions. Our findings are based on a library of double point mutants that contain each one loss-of-function with one gain-of-function point mutation in a series of possible combinations. We demonstrated that an array of loss-of-function mutations are dominant over most gain-of-function mutations within the same as well as of an adjacent Orai subunit. We further identified inter- and intramolecular salt-bridge interactions of Orai subunits as a core element of an opening-permissive Orai channel architecture. Collectively, clearance and synergistic action of all these gating checkpoints are required to allow STIM1 coupling and Orai1 pore opening. Our results unravel novel insights in the preconditions of the unique fingerprint of CRAC channel activation, provide a valuable source for future structural resolutions, and help to understand the molecular basis of disease-causing mutations.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• gating iontového kanálu genetika   MeSH
• genetické vektory chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• interakční proteinové domény a motivy MeSH
• konformace proteinů, alfa-helix MeSH
• konformace proteinů, beta-řetězec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liposomy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• luminescentní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorové proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein ORAI1 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein STIM1 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• reportérové geny MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• vápníková signalizace * MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels constitute the major Ca2+ entry pathway into the cell. They are fully reconstituted via intermembrane coupling of the Ca2+-selective Orai channel and the Ca2+-sensing protein STIM1. In addition to the Orai C terminus, the main coupling site for STIM1, the Orai N terminus is indispensable for Orai channel gating. Although the extended transmembrane Orai N-terminal region (Orai1 amino acids 73-91; Orai3 amino acids 48-65) is fully conserved in the Orai1 and Orai3 isoforms, Orai3 tolerates larger N-terminal truncations than Orai1 in retaining store-operated activation. In an attempt to uncover the reason for these isoform-specific structural requirements, we analyzed a series of Orai mutants and chimeras. We discovered that it was not the N termini, but the loop2 regions connecting TM2 and TM3 of Orai1 and Orai3 that featured distinct properties, which explained the different, isoform-specific behavior of Orai N-truncation mutants. Atomic force microscopy studies and MD simulations suggested that the remaining N-terminal portion in the non-functional Orai1 N-truncation mutants formed new, inhibitory interactions with the Orai1-loop2 regions, but not with Orai3-loop2. Such a loop2 swap restored activation of the N-truncation Orai1 mutants. To mimic interactions between the N terminus and loop2 in full-length Orai1 channels, we induced close proximity of the N terminus and loop2 via cysteine cross-linking, which actually caused significant inhibition of STIM1-mediated Orai currents. In aggregate, maintenance of Orai activation required not only the conserved N-terminal region but also permissive communication of the Orai N terminus and loop2 in an isoform-specific manner.

• MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein ORAI1 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protein STIM1 chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinové domény MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vápníkové kanály chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Type I restriction-modification enzymes differ significantly from the type II enzymes commonly used as molecular biology reagents. On hemi-methylated DNAs type I enzymes like the EcoR124I restriction-modification complex act as conventional adenine methylases at their specific target sequences, but unmethylated targets induce them to translocate thousands of base pairs through the stationary enzyme before cleaving distant sites nonspecifically. EcoR124I is a superfamily 2 DEAD-box helicase like eukaryotic double-strand DNA translocase Rad54, with two RecA-like helicase domains and seven characteristic sequence motifs that are implicated in translocation. In Rad54 a so-called extended region adjacent to motif III is involved in ATPase activity. Although the EcoR124I extended region bears sequence and structural similarities with Rad54, it does not influence ATPase or restriction activity as shown in this work, but mutagenesis of the conserved glycine residue of its motif III does alter ATPase and DNA cleavage activity. Through the lens of molecular dynamics, a full model of HsdR of EcoR124I based on available crystal structures allowed interpretation of functional effects of mutants in motif III and its extended region. The results indicate that the conserved glycine residue of motif III has a role in positioning the two helicase domains.

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát chemie   MeSH
• aktivace enzymů MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• DNA-helikasy chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• interakční proteinové domény a motivy * MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• multienzymové komplexy chemie   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu I chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• rozhovory MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• O autorovi
• Ettrich, Rüdiger, 1970- Autorita

Ligand binding of neutral progesterone, basic propranolol, and acidic warfarin to human α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The binding itself is characterized by a uniform conformational shift in which a tryptophan residue is involved. Slight differences corresponding to different contacts of the individual ligands inside the β-barrel are described. Results are compared with in silico ligand docking into the available crystal structure of deglycosylated AGP using quantum/molecular mechanics. Calculated binding energies are -18.2, -14.5, and -11.5 kcal/mol for warfarin, propranolol, and progesterone, respectively. These calculations are consistent with Raman difference spectroscopy; nevertheless, minor discrepancies in the precise positions of the ligands point to structural differences between deglycosylated and native AGP. Thermal dynamics of AGP with/without bounded warfarin was followed by Raman spectroscopy in a temperature range of 10-95 °C and analyzed by principal component analysis. With increasing temperature, a slight decrease of α-helical content is observed that coincides with an increase in β-sheet content. Above 45 °C, also β-strands tend to unfold, and the observed decrease in β-sheet coincides with an increase of β-turns accompanied by a conformational shift of the nearby disulfide bridge from high-energy trans-gauche-trans to more relaxed gauche-gauche-trans. This major rearrangement in the vicinity of the bridge is not only characterized by unfolding of the β-sheet but also by subsequent ligand release. Hereby, ligand binding alters the protein dynamics, and the more rigid protein-ligand complex shows an improved thermal stability, a finding that contributes to the reported chaperone-like function of AGP.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• orosomukoid chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• progesteron chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• propranolol chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• stabilita proteinů MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• tryptofan metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• warfarin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The HsdR subunit of the type I restriction-modification system EcoR124I is responsible for the translocation as well as the restriction activity of the whole complex consisting of the HsdR, HsdM and HsdS subunits, and while crystal structures are available for the wild type and several mutants, the C-terminal domain comprising approximately 150 residues was not resolved in any of these structures. Here, three fusion constructs with the GFP variant pHluorin developed to overexpress, purify and crystallize the C-terminal domain of HsdR are reported. The shortest of the three encompassed HsdR residues 887-1038 and yielded crystals that belonged to the orthorhombic space group C2221, with unit-cell parameters a = 83.42, b = 176.58, c = 126.03 Å, α = β = γ = 90.00° and two molecules in the asymmetric unit (VM = 2.55 Å(3) Da(-1), solvent content 50.47%). X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.45 Å.

• MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• Escherichia coli chemie   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• krystalizace MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• plazmidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu I chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) and Orai proteins are the essential components of Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. We focused on the role of cholesterol in the regulation of STIM1-mediated Orai1 currents. Chemically induced cholesterol depletion enhanced store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) and Orai1 currents. Furthermore, cholesterol depletion in mucosal-type mast cells augmented endogenous CRAC currents, which were associated with increased degranulation, a process that requires calcium influx. Single point mutations in the Orai1 amino terminus that would be expected to abolish cholesterol binding enhanced SOCE to a similar extent as did cholesterol depletion. The increase in Orai1 activity in cells expressing these cholesterol-binding-deficient mutants occurred without affecting the amount in the plasma membrane or the coupling of STIM1 to Orai1. We detected cholesterol binding to an Orai1 amino-terminal fragment in vitro and to full-length Orai1 in cells. Thus, our data showed that Orai1 senses the amount of cholesterol in the plasma membrane and that the interaction of Orai1 with cholesterol inhibits its activity, thereby limiting SOCE.

• MeSH
• biotinylace MeSH
• bodová mutace MeSH
• buněčná membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• cholesterol oxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
• elektrofyziologické jevy MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• histamin metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• peptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• rezonanční přenos fluorescenční energie MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• vápníkové kanály metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The extrinsic proteins of photosystem II of higher plants and green algae PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR are essential for stable oxygen production in the oxygen evolving center. In the available X-ray crystallographic structure of higher plant PsbQ residues S14-Y33 are missing. Building on the backbone NMR assignment of PsbQ, which includes this "missing link", we report the extended resonance assignment including side chain atoms. Based on nuclear Overhauser effect spectra a high resolution solution structure of PsbQ with a backbone RMSD of 0.81 Å was obtained from torsion angle dynamics. Within the N-terminal residues 1-45 the solution structure deviates significantly from the X-ray crystallographic one, while the four-helix bundle core found previously is confirmed. A short α-helix is observed in the solution structure at the location where a β-strand had been proposed in the earlier crystallographic study. NMR relaxation data and unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations corroborate that the N-terminal region behaves as a flexible tail with a persistent short local helical secondary structure, while no indications of forming a β-strand are found.

• MeSH
• fotosystém II - proteinový komplex chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů * MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• Spinacia oleracea genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Type I restriction-modification enzymes are multifunctional heteromeric complexes with DNA cleavage and ATP-dependent DNA translocation activities located on motor subunit HsdR. Functional coupling of DNA cleavage and translocation is a hallmark of the Type I restriction systems that is consistent with their proposed role in horizontal gene transfer. DNA cleavage occurs at nonspecific sites distant from the cognate recognition sequence, apparently triggered by stalled translocation. The X-ray crystal structure of the complete HsdR subunit from E. coli plasmid R124 suggested that the triggering mechanism involves interdomain contacts mediated by ATP. In the present work, in vivo and in vitro activity assays and crystal structures of three mutants of EcoR124I HsdR designed to probe this mechanism are reported. The results indicate that interdomain engagement via ATP is indeed responsible for signal transmission between the endonuclease and helicase domains of the motor subunit. A previously identified sequence motif that is shared by the RecB nucleases and some Type I endonucleases is implicated in signaling.

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfát chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exodeoxyribonukleasa V chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• plazmidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny - lokalizační signály MeSH
• proteiny z Escherichia coli chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu I chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• štěpení DNA MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PsbP (23 kDa) is an extrinsic eukaryotic protein of photosystem II found in the thylakoid membrane of higher plants and green algae. It has been proven to be indispensable for proper functioning of the oxygen evolving complex. By interaction with other extrinsic proteins (PsbQ, PsbO and PsbR), it modulates the concentration of two cofactors of the water splitting reaction, Ca(2+) and Cl(-). The crystallographic structure of PsbP from Spinacia oleracea lacks the N-terminal part as well as two inner regions which were modelled as loops. Those unresolved parts are believed to be functionally crucial for the binding of PsbP to the thylakoid membrane. In this NMR study we report (1)H, (15)N and (13)C resonance assignments of the backbone and side chain atoms of the PsbP protein. Based on these data, an estimate of the secondary structure has been made. The structural motifs found fit the resolved parts of the crystallographic structure very well. In addition, the complete assignment set provides preliminary insight into the dynamic regions.

• MeSH
• fotosystém II - proteinový komplex chemie   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny chemie   MeSH
• sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• Spinacia oleracea chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH