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- MeSH
- chování snižující riziko MeSH
- duševní poruchy * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- návykové chování prevence a kontrola psychologie terapie MeSH
- poruchy příjmu potravy prevence a kontrola psychologie terapie MeSH
- primární prevence metody MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- sebepoškozování prevence a kontrola psychologie terapie MeSH
- školní zdravotnické služby MeSH
- služby v oblasti duševního zdraví komunity organizace a řízení MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání metody MeSH
- zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Given the negative outcomes associated with smartphone use during personal and relational activities (SUPRA), parents strive to regulate its use among their children. However, media parenting recommendations lack knowledge of parental views on SUPRA and their relative occurrence in youths. This study aimed to (i) estimate SUPRA frequency among children and adolescents, (ii) assess parental dislike (PD) of SUPRA, and (iii) identify predictors of PD of SUPRA. An online survey was completed by 826 parents (49% mothers, age 25-74, Median = 43 years), capturing PD of SUPRA, estimated frequency of SUPRA in their children (49% female, age 6-18, Median = 10 years), parenting styles (warmth and control), parental attitudes toward screen media, and sociodemographic characteristics. The rate of frequent SUPRA was significantly higher in adolescents (2.7-48.1%) compared to children (2.1-27.2%) with odds ratios ranging from 0.67 to 3.04, depending on the activity type. PD of SUPRA was high in parents of children (M = 4.04, SD = 0.66) and adolescents (M = 3.93, SD = 0.71). Linear regression identified being a mother, having higher levels of control and warmth, and less positive attitudes toward screen media as significant predictors of SUPRA dislike. Our study was the first to report the estimated occurrence and parental dislike of smartphone use (SU) during various personal and relational activities, enabling their direct comparison. Experts warn against SU while studying and at bedtime, which frequently occurred in 4-5% of children and 10-12% of adolescents. More attention should be paid to SU during relational (peer/family) activities due to its relatively high occurrence and parental dissatisfaction.
- MeSH
- chytrý telefon * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- postoj MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rodiče * psychologie MeSH
- rodičovství * psychologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of co-occurring mental disorders (termed 'dual diagnosis') among patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is scarce. This study aimed (1) to estimate the prevalence and structure of dual diagnoses in two national cohorts of OAT patients and (2) to compare mental disorders between OAT patients and the general populations stratified on sex and standardized by age. METHODS: A registry-linkage study of OAT patients from Czechia (N = 4,280) and Norway (N = 11,389) during 2010-2019 was conducted. Data on mental disorders (F00-F99; ICD-10) recorded in nationwide health registers were linked to the individuals registered in OAT. Dual diagnoses were defined as any mental disorder excluding substance use disorders (SUDs, F10-F19; ICD-10). Sex-specific age-standardized morbidity ratios (SMR) were calculated for 2019 to compare OAT patients and the general populations. RESULTS: The prevalence of dual diagnosis was 57.3% for Czechia and 78.3% for Norway. In Czechia, anxiety (31.1%) and personality disorders (25.7%) were the most prevalent, whereas anxiety (33.8%) and depression (20.8%) were the most prevalent in Norway. Large country-specific variations were observed, e.g., in ADHD (0.5% in Czechia, 15.8% in Norway), implying differences in screening and diagnostic practices. The SMR estimates for any mental disorders were 3.1 (females) and 5.1 (males) in Czechia and 5.6 (females) and 8.2 (males) in Norway. OAT females had a significantly higher prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders, whereas SMRs were higher in OAT males. In addition to opioid use disorder (OUD), other substance use disorders (SUDs) were frequently recorded in both countries. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate an excess of mental health problems in OAT patients compared to the general population of the same sex and age in both countries, requiring appropriate clinical attention. Country-specific differences may stem from variations in diagnostics and care, reporting to registers, OAT provision, or substance use patterns.
- MeSH
- diagnóza dvojí (psychiatrie) MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- opiátová substituční terapie * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy osobnosti epidemiologie MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
BACKGROUND: The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to validate the SDS-3 and test its psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across language, country, gender identity, and sexual orientation groups. METHODS: We used global survey data from 82,243 individuals (Mean age=32.39 years; 40.3 % men, 57.0 % women, 2.8 % non-binary, and 0.6 % other genders) participating in the International Sexual Survey (ISS; https://internationalsexsurvey.org/) across 42 countries and 26 languages. Participants completed the SDS-3, as well as questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, including gender identity and sexual orientation. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factor structure for the SDS-3, and multi-group CFA (MGCFA) suggested that this factor structure was invariant across countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Cronbach's α for the unidimensional score was 0.83 (range between 0.76 and 0.89), and McDonald's ω was 0.84 (range between 0.76 and 0.90). Participants who did not experience sexual problems had significantly lower SDS-3 total scores (M = 2.99; SD=2.54) compared to those who reported sexual problems (M = 5.60; SD=3.00), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.01 [95 % CI=-1.03, -0.98]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The SDS-3 has a unidimensional factor structure and appears to be valid and reliable for measuring sexual distress among individuals from different countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Online learning has the potential to increase accessibility to high quality and cost-effective resources in prevention of risk behaviors. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the experience of university students with the comprehensive online course on prevention. METHODS: In this pilot study, an online questionnaire was administered to 51 Czech and 31 Ukrainian university students who completed the online Introduction to Evidence-based Prevention (INEP) full semester course between February 2022 and February 2023. Students were asked about their experience with INEP represented by 17 distinct features. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean comparisons tests. RESULTS: Students reported high overall satisfaction with INEP and with its respected features. The Structure and the Relevance features of INEP have been especially appreciated, while the Quizzes feature was perceived as only average by most students. INEP seemed to encourage most students (82%) to take other e-learning courses. CONCLUSION: The online INEP course received favorable feedback from university students across two distinct settings. INEP holds potential for broader integration into university study programs. These findings add to the ongoing discourse regarding enhancements in the education of future prevention professionals, making them relevant to practitioners, policymakers, and university-level decision-makers.
INTRODUCTION: Longitudinal prevention research in adolescents often involves sensitive data collection, necessitating anonymity. Self-Generated Identification Codes (SGICs) have emerged as a tool for linking anonymous data while preserving privacy, but their effectiveness, especially in large-scale studies, remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using SGICs for linking anonymous longitudinal data in a school-based substance use prevention study. METHODS: We utilized a three-armed randomized control trial design, utilizing data from the Czech Unplugged Study. The study involved schoolchildren from 71 schools in the Czech Republic, tracked from 6th to 9th grade. SGICs were used to link anonymous survey data across multiple waves. The sample comprised 2,571 pupils, aged 11–13 years, with data collected over seven waves, resulting in a total of 15,289 questionnaires. RESULTS: The study demonstrated a high rate of SGIC completion (99.2%) and substantial linkability across survey waves. However, errors in SGICs were observed, with certain characters being more prone to inaccuracies. The results showed that 8.5% of all children’s SGICs contained one or more missing or erroneous characters; the proportion of errors gradually decreased over time. CONCLUSION: The study’s findings provide insights into the practicality and challenges of using SGICs in large-scale, longitudinal studies. SGICs offer a viable solution for linking longitudinal data while maintaining participant anonymity. The study highlights the importance of careful SGIC design and the need for further research into optimizing this methodology for large-scale adolescent studies.
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health issues experienced worldwide. However, whereas cross-cultural studies utilize psychometrically valid and reliable scales, fewer can meaningfully compare these conditions across different groups. To address this gap, the current study aimed to psychometrically assess the Brief Symptomatology Index (BSI) in 42 countries. METHODS: Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39; SDage = 12.52; women: n = 46,874; 57 %), we examined the reliability of depression and anxiety symptom scores of the BSI-18, as well as evaluated evidence of construct, invariance, and criterion-related validity in predicting clinically relevant variables across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. RESULTS: Results corroborated an invariant, two-factor structure across all groups tested, exhibiting excellent reliability estimates for both subscales. The 'caseness' criterion effectively discriminated among those at low and high risk of depression and anxiety, yielding differential effects on the clinical criteria examined. LIMITATIONS: The predictive validation was not made against a clinical diagnosis, and the full BSI-18 scale was not examined (excluding the somatization sub-dimension), limiting the validation scope of the BSI-18. Finally, the study was conducted online, mainly by advertisements through social media, ultimately skewing our sample towards women, younger, and highly educated populations. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that the BSI-12 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for assessing depression and anxiety symptoms across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. Further, its caseness criterion can discriminate well between participants at high and low risk of depression and anxiety.
- MeSH
- deprese * diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- úzkost diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. METHOD: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). RESULTS: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of studies on methamphetamine (MA) exposure and morbidity in children beyond the perinatal period. OBJECTIVES: We compared morbidity in children (0-3 years) with prenatal MA exposure to opioid-exposed and to non-exposed children. METHODS: We used data from a Czech nationwide, registry-based cohort study (2000-2014). Children, who reached 3 years of age, of mothers hospitalized with (i) MA use disorder during pregnancy (MA; n = 194), (ii) opioid use disorder during pregnancy (opioids; n = 166), and (iii) general population (GP; n = 1,294,349) with no recorded history of substance use disorder (SUD). Information on inpatient contacts, length of stay, and diagnoses (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision [ICD-10]) were assessed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of hospitalization, and for getting diagnosis from the ICD-10 diagnosis chapters were calculated using binary logistic regression. A stratified analysis on hospitalizations with SUD of mothers was performed. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the measures of hospitalization between the MA and opioid groups. Children prenatally exposed to MA and opioids had higher numbers of hospitalizations and diagnoses and longer stays in hospital than children in the GP. Increased risks of certain infectious and parasitic diseases were found in both MA (aOR = 1.6; CI: 1.1-2.3) and opioid (aOR = 1.9; 1.3-2.8) groups as compared to the GP group. The most pronounced difference in stratified analysis on maternal hospitalizations related to SUD after birth was observed for injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes in the strata of the MA group who had hospitalized mothers (aOR 6.3, 1.6-24.6) compared to the strata without maternal hospitalizations (aOR 1.4, 0.9-2.3). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that children born to mothers using MA during pregnancy have similar morbidity during the first 3 years of life but higher than the GP. The excess of risk was primarily due to infections and injuries in the MA group.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methamfetamin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- morbidita MeSH
- opioidní analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
