- Klíčová slova
- naplaveniny - mikrobiologie,
- MeSH
- Chiroptera MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- geologické sedimenty mikrobiologie MeSH
- jeskyně * chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí * MeSH
- Mycobacterium * genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
- Oligochaeta mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study was done to identify the content compounds of Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii) and to evaluate its hypoglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic activity and effect on inflammatory mediators. The extracts and fractions of A. wilhelmsii were thoroughly analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the total content of phenols and flavonoids was determined. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The effect upon inflammatory mediators was evaluated in vitro using the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). The anti-hypercholesterolemic activity was evaluated in vitro using the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase assay kit. The water extract (WE)-treated group showed the highest reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL). The chloroform fraction (CF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) both showed a significant ability to reduce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The EAF, however, also attenuated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The CF showed the most significant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibition activity. The five main compounds in the CF were isolated and identified. Out of the five compounds in the CF, 1β,10β-epoxydesacetoxymatricarin (CP1) and leucodin (CP2) showed the highest anti-hypercholesterolemic potential. A molecular docking study provided corresponding results.
- MeSH
- acylkoenzym A chemie MeSH
- antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- experimentální diabetes mellitus farmakoterapie MeSH
- fenoly aplikace a dávkování chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- flavonoidy aplikace a dávkování chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hypercholesterolemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- hyperglykemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mediátory zánětu chemie MeSH
- myši inbrední NOD MeSH
- myši MeSH
- řebříček chemie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The antiurease activity of the aqueous extracts of 42 plants growing in the Czech Republic was investigated. A phenol-hypochlorite reaction was used for the determination of ammonia produced by urease. The inhibitory activity of the extracts at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL varied from 17.8% to 80.0%. Extracts from six Potentilla species expressed inhibitory activity against jack bean urease. They were further investigated for their phenolic constituents and the major compounds were subjected to molecular docking. The results revealed that both jack bean urease and Helicobacter pylori urease were inhibited by quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside-6″-gallate (1), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (2), tiliroside (3) and B-type procyanidin (4). The antiurease activity of the investigated Potentilla species is probably due to the presence of complex phenolic constituents such as flavonoid glycosides and catechin dimers.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- Canavalia enzymologie MeSH
- fenoly chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- flavonoidy chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- galaktosidy chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori účinky léků MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori farmakoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- Potentilla chemie MeSH
- quercetin analogy a deriváty MeSH
- ureasa antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Vnásledujícím souhrnu je uveden přehled dostupné literatury na aktuální téma týkající se enzymu ureasy. Ureasa je enzym katalyzující hydrolýzu močoviny. Vpřehledu je diskutován výskyt ureasy, její funkce avýznam arovněž role ureasy aureolytických bakterií vpatogenezi různých onemocnění. Jsou prezentovány známé anorganické ipřírodní inhibitory ureasy. Práce se zabývá důležitostí hledání nových inhibitorů ureasy apotenciálem přírodních látek vtéto oblasti.
In this review, an overview of the available literature on urease is presented. Urease is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea. The occurrence of ureases and their functions are discussed thoroughly. The relationship of urease to ureolytic bacteria is examined, and the currently available urease inhibitors, both inorganic and natural, are presented. Finally, the importance of urease and current and future applications of new inhibitors and explored.
- MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori imunologie patogenita MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů klasifikace MeSH
- Klebsiella imunologie patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč * mikrobiologie MeSH
- močové ústrojí * mikrobiologie MeSH
- močovina * MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- Proteus imunologie patogenita MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- ureasa * antagonisté a inhibitory fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Molecular signatures have recently been identified in operationally tolerant long-term kidney transplant patients; however, their expression in patients on immunosuppression remains unclear. METHODS: In this prospective study, the gene expression profiles of eight selected tolerance-associated genes (MS4A1, CD79B, TCL1A, TMEM176B, FOXP3, TOAG-1, MAN1A1, and TLR5) in the peripheral blood of 67 kidney transplant recipients at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, and at 6 and 12 months, and in graft biopsies were measured. Similarly, using flow cytometry, CD45CD19CD3 B-cell counts were evaluated in the follow-up. Expression patterns were compared among patients with biopsy-proven acute rejection, borderline changes, and in rejection-free patients. A generalized linear mixed model with gamma distribution for repeated measures adjusted for induction therapy was used for statistical analysis of longitudinal data and Kruskal-Wallis test for case biopsy data. RESULTS: Compared to patients with rejection, a significantly higher number of peripheral B cells were observed during follow-up in rejection-free patients and in patients with borderline changes. Gene expression patterns of MS4A1 (CD20), TCL1A, CD79B, TOAG-1, and FOXP3 genes were significantly higher in rejection-free patients as compared to rejection group with the highest differences during the first 3 months. In contrast, TMEM176B (TORID) was up-regulated in the rejection group. Similar trends were also observed between patients with borderline changes and acute rejection. Higher intragraft expression of TOAG-1 was observed in rejection-free patients. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest an association of B-cell signatures, seen also in drug-free tolerant patients, with controlled alloimmune response.
- MeSH
- B-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- forkhead transkripční faktory analýza MeSH
- imunologická tolerance * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny genetika MeSH
- rejekce štěpu * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- transplantace ledvin imunologie MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In terms of finding specific molecular markers associated with graft outcome, attempts have been made to study whole genome transcripts using microarray assays or to study the effect of number of genes of interest using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Using these techniques, molecular phenotypes of rejection have been characterized, and the variability of the clinical outcome besides similar morphology explained in part. Recently, several specific transcripts including naïve B cell regulation have been identified in the peripheral blood of operationally tolerant kidney transplant recipients. The decrease in immature B cell-related transcripts in the peripheral blood in patients with immunosuppression was shown to be associated with acute rejection. Similarly, tolerance-associated antigen 1 transcripts were identified in biopsies and regulatory T cell transcripts in urine and biopsies in patients without rejection. Better understanding of molecular processes associated with allograft rejection or alloantigen hyporesponsiveness/tolerance may help to improve our knowledge about graft pathology and identify novel markers suitable for future monitoring and guided therapy and finally improve the outcome of kidney transplantation.
BK polyomavirus infection is the important cause of virus-related nephropathy following kidney transplantation. BK virus reactivates in 30%-80% of kidney transplant recipients resulting in BK virus-related nephropathy in 1%-10% of cases. Currently, the molecular processes associated with asymptomatic infections in transplant patients infected with BK virus remain unclear. In this study we evaluate intrarenal molecular processes during different stages of BKV infection. The gene expression profiles of 90 target genes known to be associated with immune response were evaluated in kidney graft biopsy material using TaqMan low density array. Three patient groups were examined: control patients with no evidence of BK virus reactivation (n = 11), infected asymptomatic patients (n = 9), and patients with BK virus nephropathy (n = 10). Analysis of biopsies from asymptomatic viruria patients resulted in the identification of 5 differentially expressed genes (CD3E, CD68, CCR2, ICAM-1, and SKI) (P < 0.05), and functional analysis showed a significantly heightened presence of costimulatory signals (e.g., CD40/CD40L; P < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis revealed several biological networks associated with BKV immune control in comparison to the control group. This study demonstrated that asymptomatic BK viruria is associated with a different intrarenal regulation of several genes implicating in antiviral immune response.
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin genetika imunologie virologie MeSH
- polyomavirové infekce genetika imunologie MeSH
- transkriptom MeSH
- transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky imunologie MeSH
- virus BK genetika imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is essential in organ transplantation. The two main strategies are pre-emptive therapy, in which one screens for and treats asymptomatic CMV viremia, and universal antiviral prophylaxis. We compared these strategies and examined long-term outcomes in a randomized, open-label, single-center trial. We randomly assigned 70 renal transplant recipients (CMV-seropositive recipient or donor) to 3-month prophylaxis with valacyclovir (n=34) or pre-emptive valganciclovir for significant CMV viremia detected at predefined assessments through month 12 (n=36). Among the 55 patients who had a protocol biopsy specimen available at 3 years to allow assessment of the primary outcome, 9 (38%) of 24 patients in the prophylaxis group and 6 (19%) of 31 patients in the pre-emptive therapy group had moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-8.43; P=0.22). The prophylaxis group had significantly higher intrarenal mRNA expression of genes involved in fibrogenesis. The occurrence of CMV disease was similar in both groups, but pre-emptive therapy improved 4-year graft survival (92% versus 74%; P=0.049) as a result of worse outcomes in patients with late-onset CMV viremia. In conclusion, compared with valacyclovir prophylaxis, pre-emptive valganciclovir therapy may lead to less severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and to significantly better graft survival.
- MeSH
- acyklovir analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- antivirové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- atrofie MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibróza MeSH
- ganciklovir analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- ledviny patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- přežívání štěpu MeSH
- transplantace ledvin mortalita MeSH
- valin analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
