Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in Eastern and Central Europe, where the incidence is the highest in the world. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study was designed as a prospective cohort study to investigate the complex relationships of cardiovascular disease and outcomes with a range of biological, psychosocial, environmental, behavioral, and economic factors in an urban population of the Czech Republic. Methods We randomly selected a 1% sample of the city of Brno residents aged 25-64 years stratified by sex and age. The study assessed traditional and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors, including sociodemographic and smoking status, physical activity, diet, depression, stress, body fat, cardio-ankle vascular index, and intima media thickness, complemented by blood tests; biological samples were stored for future analyses. Results The study enrolled 2160 participants (54.8% women), with a mean age of 47 ± 11.3 years. They were mostly full-time employed (75.6%) and married (62.1%). Hyperlipidemia was highly prevalent (70.7% in men, and 67.1% in women, NS). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in men than in women (54.3% vs. 38.7% and 7.1% vs. 3.5%, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). A total of 25.3% of men and 21.9% of women smoked, whereas 20.0% and 43.0% of men and 18.1% and 26.6% of women were obese and overweight, respectively. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in the city of Brno, an urban population from Central Europe. The Kardiovize Brno 2030 study will provide unique multidimensional and longitudinal cardiovascular health data from a region where epidemiological studies are scarce.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• zdraví ve městech * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Background: Intima-media thickness (IMT) has been proposed as a measurement of subclinical atherosclerosis and has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat depot between the pericardium and myocardium and has been associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The relationship between IMT and EAT thickness has not been reported before. We investigated the relationship between EAT thickness, IMT, CVD risk factors, and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics using subjects from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 cohort study, a random urban sample population in Central Europe. Methods: We studied 102 individuals (65 males) aged 25⁻64 years (median = 37 years) with no current or past CVD history. We measured IMT using a vascular ultrasound and EAT thickness using transthoracic echocardiography, and collected data on anthropometric factors, CVD risk factors, and CVH score. Correlation tests and multiple linear regression models were applied. Results: In the age- and gender-adjusted model, we demonstrated that, among CVD risk factors, only BMI was significantly and positively associated with EAT thickness (β = 0.182, SE = 0.082, p = 0.030), while no significant associations with IMT were evident. Although both EAT thickness and IMT were negatively correlated with CVH score (r = −0.45, p < 0.001, and r = −0.38, p < 0.001, respectively), we demonstrated that overall CVH score (β = −0.262; SE = 0.077; p = 0.001), as well as BMI (β = −1.305; SE = 0.194; p < 0.001) and blood pressure CVH metrics (β = −0.607; SE = 0.206; p = 0.004) were significantly associated with EAT thickness but not with IMT. Conclusions: Our study is important as it demonstrated for the first time that CVH is associated with EAT thickness. Interestingly, this relationship seems to be dependent on BMI and blood pressure rather than on the other CVH metrics. However, outcome-driven studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), a parameter of arterial stiffness, has been increasingly used for cardiovascular risk estimation. Currently used CAVI reference values are derived from the Japanese population. It is not clear whether the same reference values can be used in the white population. The aim of the present study was to describe cardiovascular risk factors influencing CAVI and to establish CAVI reference values. METHODS: A total of 2160 individuals randomly selected from the Brno city population aged 25-65 years were examined. Of these, 1347 patients were free from cardiovascular disease, nondiabetic and untreated by antihypertensive or lipid-lowering drugs, forming the reference value population. CAVI was measured using the VaSera VS-1000 device (Fukuda Denshi, Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS: At each blood pressure (BP) level, there was a quadratic association between CAVI and age, except for a linear association in the optimal BP group. Although there was no association between BP and CAVI in younger patients, there was a linear association between CAVI and BP after 40 years of age. Reference values by age and sex were established. In each age group, except for the male 60-65-year group, reference values in our population were lower than in the Japanese one with the difference ranging from -0.29 to 0.21 for men, and from -0.38 to -0.03 for women. CONCLUSION: This is the first study providing CAVI reference values in a random sample of the white population. Our results suggest that the currently used values slightly overestimate CAVI in younger white, possibly underestimating cardiovascular risk.

• MeSH
• běloši MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci patofyziologie   MeSH
• kotník krevní zásobení   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rychlost toku krve MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tlakový index kotník-paže * MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate alcohol consumption in a representative sample of the population of the city of Brno, as part of research on cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey on a sample of 2,160 randomly selected residents 35-65 years old was carried out. For the invited volunteers who became a part of the investigation, alcohol consumption was determined in a controlled, face to face interview structured in accordance with a special questionnaire form. The frequency of alcohol consumption during the previous year was determined, in more detail during the last month (including quantification using "units of alcohol", their normal and maximum level of drinking, and any association between alcohol consumption and meals), and during the last week in the form of a complete, beverage specified and quantified 7-day recall period. Typical patterns of alcohol consumption were explored by the means of cluster analysis. RESULTS: During the past 12 months, 90.0% of the men and 79.0% of the women had consumed alcohol, the rest can be considered abstinent. The most commonly reported frequency was 2-4 times per week (35.6% of the men), or 1-3 times per month (22.8% of the women). Daily or almost daily consumption was reported by 24.8% of the men and 12.8% of the women. The number of units of alcohol consumed usually on one occasion amounts to an average of 3.88±4.80 for the men and 2.25±1.39 for the women, but the amount most often cited by both sexes was 2 drinks (36.4% of the men and 40.4% of the women). The largest amount consumed on any occasion during the last 30 days was 5 or more units in 69.3% of the men, and in 33.9% of the women it was 4 or more units (this amount of alcohol leads to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08, the border of drunkenness). In 19.9% of the men and 7.5% of the women, this border was exceeded more than 5 times in the past month. Only 14.7% of the men and 10.3% of the women reported that the majority of their alcohol consumption occurs with food; on the contrary, 64.3% of the men and 77.6% of the women drinkers drink it either always without food or only rarely with it. During the past week, 81.6% of the men and 63.4% of the women drank alcohol (p<0.001, chi-square). The average value of consumption for one man was 11.57±11.91 doses, and for one woman 4.68±6.38 doses per week (p<0.001, t-test). A total of 17.8% of the men exceeded the limit of 21 doses per week, and 7.4% of the women exceeded 14 doses/week. After converting the weekly consumption into the number of units of alcohol per week expressed in litres per year, the total average consumption was 5.01±6.36 litres; for the men 7.26±7.62 litres and for the women 3.02±4.08 litres of pure alcohol per person annually. Consumption during the week was not uniform (p<0.001, ANOVA), with the highest occurring on Saturday, followed by Friday. The men mostly drank beer (62.9% of the total volume of alcohol), the women wine (68.6%). The cluster analysis identified 5 clusters of respondents, based on a set of alcohol consumption variables, as follows: very heavy drinking (1.6% of the respondents who drink alcohol); heavy drinking (8.8%); binge drinking (6.3%); moderate drinking (31.1%); and occasional drinking (52.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The results show a relatively high consumption of alcohol in the examined group. The recommended weekly limits were exceeded by only a small portion, but that consumption had a binge character. Conversion into a form allowing comparison with conventional national statistics shows a significantly lower consumption than these reported statements. Overall, men consume significantly more alcohol than women.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Manual office blood pressure (BP) is still recommended for diagnosing hypertension. However, its predictive value is decreased by errors in measurement technique and the white-coat effect. The errors can be eliminated by automated office BP (AOBP) measurement taking multiple readings with the participant resting quietly alone. Therefore, use of AOBP in clinical practice requires a threshold value for hypertension diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine an AOBP threshold corresponding to the 140/90 mmHg manual office BP using data from a large random population sample. METHODS: In 2145 participants (mean age 47.3 ± 11.3 years) randomly selected from a Brno population aged 25-64 years, BP was measured using manual mercury and automated office sphygmomanometers. RESULTS: Manual SBP (mean difference 6.39 ± 9.76 mmHg) and DBP (mean difference 2.50 ± 6.54 mmHg) were higher than the automated BP. According to polynomial regression, automated systole of 131.06 (95% confidence interval 130.43-131.70) and diastole of 85.43 (95% confidence interval 85.03-85.82) corresponded to the manual BP of 140/90 mmHg. Using this cut-off, the white-coat hypertension was present in 24% of participants with elevated manual BP, whereas 10% had masked hypertension and 11% masked uncontrolled hypertension. In individuals with masked uncontrolled hypertension, only AOBP was associated with the urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, whereas there was no association with manual BP. CONCLUSION: AOBP of 131/85 mmHg corresponds to the manual BP of 140/90 mmHg. This value may be used as a threshold for diagnosing hypertension using AOBP. However, outcome-driven studies are required to confirm this threshold.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze diagnóza   MeSH
• krevní tlak * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maskovaná hypertenze diagnóza   MeSH
• měření krevního tlaku přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• sfygmomanometry MeSH
• syndrom bílého pláště diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a sensitive non-invasive marker of arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. The aim of this work was to compare the CAVI values in patients with dyslipidemia (without diabetes mellitus and hypertension) and healthy controls. METHODS: A Total 248 subjects with dyslipidemia (104 men, 144 women), 55.0 (95% CI 30-70) years of age with combined hyperlipidemia or primary hypercholesterolemia and 537 healthy controls (244 men, 293 women) 40.0 (95% CI 26-62) years of age were included in this study. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and B levels. The LDL cholesterol level was also calculated, and the CAVI was measured using the VaSera(®) 1500 system. RESULTS: The CAVI values were significantly higher in the dyslipidemic patients (8.08, 95% CI 6.00-10.05) than in the controls (7.11, 95% CI 5.77-9.05; p < 0.01). In addition, the CAVI values were elevated in both subgroups of patients with hypercholesterolemia (7.95, 95% CI 5.85-6.90; p < 0.01) and combined hyperlipidemia (8.30, 95% CI 6.60-10.15; p < 0.01) in comparison with those observed in the controls. After adopting the propensity score method in order to balance the confounding factors (age, gender, body mass index) and adjust the analysis for diastolic blood pressure, the CAVI values in the dyslipidemic patients remained significantly high (7.78, 95% CI 5.80-9.69) compared to that observed in the controls (7.31, 95% CI 5.44-9.35; p < 0.001). However, the CAVI values did not differ significantly between the controls and both subgroups of dyslipidemic patients(primary hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings demonstrated that dyslipidemia increases the CAVI values in comparison to that seen in healthy subjects.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hyperlipidemie komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypertenze komplikace   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu patofyziologie   MeSH
• kotník krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate potential changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) during a 2-month stay in Antarctica, using chronobiological analysis. METHODS: An observational study performed at Mendel research base, Antarctica, during 2011 and 2012. The studied group consisted of 24 participants of the 5th and 6th Czech Antarctic Scientific Expeditions. Three series of 24-hour ABP monitoring were performed, of these two in Antarctica and one in the Czech Republic. Chronobiological analyses of the data were performed (Halberg Chronobiology Center, Minnesota) using population-mean cosinor. The values of MESOR (Midline Estimating Statistic Of Rhythm), double amplitude and the acrophase were obtained for SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure), DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure) and HR. These rhythm characteristics were compared between the two locations by parameter tests and by the paired t-test. RESULTS: On the average, the MESORs of SBP, DBP and HR were significantly higher in Antarctica than in the Czech Republic, as were the double amplitudes of the 12-hour component of SBP and DBP. High prevalence of CHAT (Circadian Hyper-Amplitude-Tension) was detected in Antarctica (8/24 = 33%); only 2 persons had CHAT in the Czech Republic (χ²=3.945, p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: A prolonged stay in Antarctica clearly affected certain chronobiological parameters of ABP and HR.

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku MeSH
• arteriální tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• expedice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studené klima * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Cíl: Zjistit užívání tabáku a některé charakteristiky osob užívajících tabák (osob užívajících elektronické cigarety) související s kardiovaskulárními onemocněními u reprezentativního vzorku populace města Brno. Metody: Za použití metodologie studie Czech post-MONICA bylo v roce 2013 ve městě Brno (Česká republika) provedeno průřezové šetření kardiovaskulárních rizikových faktorů. Tato předběžná zpráva s údaji prvních 965 náhodně vybraných dobrovolníků (včetně 512 žen) ve věku 25–64 let se zaměřuje na užívání tabáku, jeho prevalenci v různých podskupinách i na postoje vůči zákonům a nařízením omezujícím kouření. Výsledky: Tato předběžná analýza hodnotí údaje 965 jedinců průměrného věku 47,3 ± 11,40 roku. Prevalence kouření byla 26,7 %; denně kouřilo 23,3 %, příležitostně (méně než jednou denně) 3,4 %; 19,9 % vzorku byli bývalí kuřáci. Celkem 34,0 % populace bylo exponováno tabáku. Užívání elektronických cigaret uvedlo 3,5 % respondentů, častěji šlo o muže (5,1 %) než o ženy (2,1 %; p = 0,020). Souběžné užívání elektronických cigaret a kouření uvedlo 2,07 % hodnocené populace. Závěr: Prevalence užívání tabáku brněnskou populací v produktivním věku je 26,70 %, což je stále ještě vysoké číslo.

Aim: To assess tobacco use and some characteristics of tobacco users (including electronic cigarette users) relevant to cardiovascular disease in a representative population sample of the city of Brno. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular risk factors was conducted using the methodology of the Czech post-MONICA Study, in the city of Brno, Czech Republic in 2013. This preliminary report of the first 965 randomly selected volunteers (including 512 women) aged 25–64, focuses on tobacco use, its prevalence in different subgroups as well as on the attitudes towards smoke-free policies. Results: This preliminary analysis involves 965 individuals with a mean age of 47.3 ± 11.40 years. The prevalence of smoking was 26.7%, with daily tobacco use 23.3%, less than once daily 3.4%; 19.9% of the sample are ex-smokers. A total of 34.0% of the survey population reported exposure to passive smoking. Electronic cigarette use was observed in 3.5% of respondents, more common in men (5.1%) than in women (2.1%; p = 0.020). Concomitant use of electronic cigarettes and smoking was observed in 2.07% of the population. Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco use in the productive-age population of Brno City district is 26.70%, still a high figure.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci MeSH
• kouření * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• užívání tabáku * epidemiologie   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH