- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Nanomaterials consist of particles smaller than 100 nm - nanoparticles (NPs). Their nano dimensions allow them to penetrate through various membranes and enter into the bloodstream and disseminate into different body organs. Massive expansion of nanotechnologies together with production of new nanoparticles which have not yet been in contact with living organisms may pose a potential health problem. It is therefore necessary to investigate the health impact of NPs after experimental exposure. Comparison of the effect of TiO2 and NPs Fe3O4 in Wistar rats at time intervals 1, 7, 14 and 28 days was performed by studying the cytotoxic effect in the isolated inflammatory cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). METHODS: Wistar rats were intravenously (i.v.) given a suspension of NPs TiO2 or Fe3O4 (coated by sodium oleate) via the tail vein. After time intervals of 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, we sacrificed the animals under anaesthesia, performed BAL and isolated the cells. The number of animals in the individual groups was 7-8. We examined the differential count of BAL cells (alveolar macrophages - AM, polymorphonuclear leukocytes - PMN, lymphocytes - Ly); viability and phagocytic activity of AM; the proportion of immature and polynuclear cells and enzymes - cathepsin D - CAT D, lactate dehydrogenase - LDH and acid phosphatase - ACP. RESULTS: We found that TiO2 NPs are relatively inert - without induction of inflammatory and cytotoxic response. Exposure to nanoparticles Fe3O4 induced - under the same experimental conditions - in comparison with the control and TiO2 a more extensive inflammatory and cytotoxic response, albeit only at 1, 7 and 14 days after injection. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles used in our study were transferred from the bloodstream to the respiratory tract, but this effect was not observed at 28 days after i.v. injection, probably due to their removal from the respiratory tract.
- MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy chemicky indukované MeSH
- oxid železnato-železitý aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- titan aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Nanomaterials are materials consisting of particles having one or more dimensions smaller than 100 nm. Nanoparticles (NP) have different properties and effects in comparison with the same particle materials of larger size. They can penetrate through various membranes and get from the bloodstream to other organs in the body. Therefore, in our experiment we have dealt with the impact of nanoparticles TiO2 instilled intravenously (i.v.) (to a tail vein of an animal) on the selected parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The aim of our study was to determine whether TiO2 nanoparticles do pass through the vascular system to the respiratory tract, and if so, how they affect the selected inflammatory and cytotoxic parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage. METHODS: Wistar rats were intravenously given a suspension of TiO2 nanoparticles in saline solution. This suspension contained 10% volume of rat serum in dose: 1.0% from LD50 = 0.592 mg/kg of animal body weight. After the time intervals 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia; bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and the BAL cells were isolated. We have examined these markers: differential count of BAL cells - alveolar macrophages (AM), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), lymphocytes (Ly); viability and phagocytic activity of AM; proportion of immature cells and cathepsin D enzyme levels. RESULTS: Regarding the respiratory toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles we have found that TiO2 nanoparticles are relatively inert. BAL examined parameters (except the immature form of AM) were not significantly changed after 28 days of instillation compared to the control group. We found that the TiO2 nanoparticles used in our study were transferred from the bloodstream to the respiratory tract, but in a 28-day phase after i.v. instillation have been largely eliminated by the defence mechanism from the respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest low biopersistence and relatively rapid elimination of TiO2 nanoparticles from the lung under used experimental conditions.
- MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina chemie MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- titan aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nanoparticles exist for a long time as both inorganic and organic parts of nature. Recently, massive expansion of nanotechnologies is evidenced, together with intentional production of new nanoparticles which have not been in contact with living organisms until now. Besides obvious positive aspects, potential threats related to their exposure should be taken into consideration. Unique physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles cause a high bioactivity following their intake (through air, ingestion and skin) and unrestricted spread in exposed organs. Primary effects of nanoparticles on cellular level represent oxidative stress and reactions leading to apoptosis, autophagocytosis and necrosis. Number of studies indicating contribution of nanoparticles to numerous disorders has been recently increasing. However, detailed mechanisms of health effects are not well known. Similarly, there is insufficient information on life cycle of nanoparticles in the environment. Research in this field as well as legislation is behind rapid development and use of nanotechnologies. Considering absence of mandatory exposure limits and other protective measures, nanomaterials represent a potential threat for population health. Recommendations and guidelines of international institutions can contribute to deal with situation, however, passing of effective legislation both on national and European level is urgently needed.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanostruktury škodlivé účinky chemie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Úvod: Práca pojednáva o najnovších poznatkoch nanočastíc zo zvárania z hľadiska ich vlastností a účinkov na zdravie. Hoci niektoré priemyselné procesy vytvárajúce nanozlúčeniny (napr. sadze, dymy zo zvárania, atď.) existujú po celé desaťročia, pracovné expozičné údaje, vrátane veľkosti a množstva častíc na pracovisku, ako aj ich biologických účinkov sú menej známe. Mechanizmus vzniku nanočastíc zo zvárania: Vysoké teploty pri zváraní generujú splodiny zvárania – častice, žiarenie, hluk a plyny. Častice splodín zvárania obsahujú veľké percento nanočastíc. Odparovaný kov z tepelného oxidačného procesu zvárania produkuje plyny obsahujúce častice oxidu kovov, ako je hliník, kadmium, chróm, meď, z ktorých mnohé sú rozpustné vo vode. Presné zloženie výparov zo zvárania je dané kovmi, ktoré obsahujú elektródy. Zdravotné účinky: Dym zo zvárania vyvoláva výrazné prozápalové účinky. Tieto účinky sú spôsobené prevažne kovmi, ktoré podstupujú redox-cykláciu a vedú k oxidačnému stresu. Expozícia výparov zo zvárania je spojená s pľúcnymi ochoreniami. K nim patrí: pokles pľúcnych funkcií, zvýšenie reaktivity dýchacích ciest, zápal priedušiek, fibróza, rakovina pľúc a zvýšené riziko výskytu infekcie dýchacích ciest. Záver: Toxicita, mechanizmus účinku nanočastíc zo zvárania na organizmus, ako aj patomechanizmus vzniku ochorení z nich – zostávajú neznáme, a preto aj z tohto dôvodu stúpa záujem o komplexné posúdenie ich rizika/bezpečnosti.
Introduction: The work deals with the latest nowledge of nanoparticles from welding in terms of their properties and effects on health. Although certain industrial processes driving nanocompound (e.g., carbon black, fumes from welding, etc.) exist for decades, occupational exposure data, including the size and amount of particles in the workplace and their biological effects are less well known. The mechanism of nanoparticles of welding: High temperatures during welding fumes generated by welding particles, radiation, noise and fumes. The particles of welding fumes contain a large percentage of nanoparticles. Metal vaporized from a thermal oxidation process of welding to gas-contains particles of metal such as aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, many of which are soluble in water. Exact composition of the vapor from welding is depends on the metal comprising the electrode. Health effects: Fumes from welding produces strong pro-inflammatory effects. These effects are caused predominantly from metals, which undergo redox - cyclisation and lead to oxidative stress. Exposure to vapors from welding is associated with lung disease. These include: a decrease in lung function, increased airway reactivity, bronchitis, fibrosis, cancer and increased risk of respiratory tract infection. Conclusion: Toxicity, mechanism of action of nanoparticles from welding on the body, as well as pathomechanism of many respiratory diseases after welding fume exposure – remain unknown and therefore, for this reason is increasing interest in the comprehensive assessment of the their risk / safety.
- MeSH
- hygiena práce MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- nanočástice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- plicní nemoci * etiologie patologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- svařování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Práca pojednáva o najnovších poznatoch nanočastíc z hľadiska ich vlastností, účinkov na zdravie, profesiách exponovaných nanočasticiam, o cestách vstupu do organizmu, legislatíve a preventívnych opatreniach, o analýze rizík v dôsledku pracovnej expozície nanočasticiam a klasifikácii podľa IARC (Medzinárodná agentúra pre výskum rakoviny, Lyon).
The work discusses the latest knowledge about nanoparticles in terms of their characteristics, health effects, professional exposure to nanoparticles, the routes of entry into the body, legislation and preventive measures, analysis of risk as a result of occupational exposure to nanoparticles and classification of nanoparticles according to IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon).
The rats were inhaling amosite and wollastonite fibres at two concentrations (30 and 60 mg/m3) one hour every second day and cigarette smoke of 3 cigarettes per day (with the exception of Saturdays and Sundays). They were sacrificed after 6 month of exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and selected inflammatory and cytotoxic parameters were examined. Amosite: inflammatory parameters were the most changed after 60 mg/m3 in both groups with or without smoking; the cytotoxic parameters were strongly influenced by smoking. Wollastonite (asbestos substitute) inhalation confirmed lower inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on all examined animal groups in comparison with amosite.
- MeSH
- amositový azbest toxicita MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina cytologie MeSH
- dýchací soustava cytologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mediátory zánětu metabolismus MeSH
- minerální vlákna toxicita MeSH
- silikáty toxicita MeSH
- sloučeniny vápníku toxicita MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
