Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- přístup k informacím * MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Thorough understanding of biodiversity is a fundamental prerequisite for biological research. A lack of taxonomic knowledge and species misidentifications are particularly critical for conservation. Here we present an example of Potamogeton floridanus, the Florida Pondweed, an endangered taxon endemic to a small area in the Florida panhandle, whose taxonomic status remained controversial for more than a century, and all previous attempts to elucidate its identity have failed. We applied molecular approaches to tackle the origin of the mysterious taxon and supplemented them with morphological and anatomical investigations of both historical herbarium collections and plants recently collected in the type area for a comprehensive taxonomic reassessment. Sequencing of two nuclear ribosomal markers and one chloroplast non-coding spacer resulted in the surprising discovery that P. floridanus is a hybrid of P. pulcher and P. oakesianus, with the former being the maternal parent. The hybrid colony is currently geographically isolated from the distribution range of P. oakesianus. We show that previous molecular analyses have failed to reveal its hybrid identity due to inadequate nuclear DNA sequence editing. This is an example how the uncritical use of automized sequence reads can hamper molecular species identifications and also affect phylogenetic tree construction and interpretation. This unique hybrid taxon, P. ×floridanus, adds another case study to the debate on hybrid protection; consequences for its conservation are discussed.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- ohrožené druhy MeSH
- rdestovité anatomie a histologie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 5S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza MeSH
- sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Despite their complex evolutionary histories, aquatic plants are highly underrepresented in contemporary biosystematic studies. Of them, the genus Callitriche is particularly interesting because of such evolutionary features as wide variation in chromosome numbers and pollination systems. However, taxonomic difficulties have prevented broader investigation of this genus. In this study we applied flow cytometry to Callitriche for the first time in order to gain an insight into evolutionary processes and genome size differentiation in the genus. Flow cytometry complemented by confirmation of chromosome counts was applied to an extensive dataset of 1077 Callitriche individuals from 495 localities in 11 European countries and the USA. Genome size was determined for 12 taxa. The results suggest that many important processes have interacted in the evolution of the genus, including polyploidization and hybridization. Incongruence between genome size and ploidy level, intraspecific variation in genome size, formation of autotriploid and hybridization between species with different pollination systems were also detected. Hybridization takes place particularly in the diploid-tetraploid complex C. cophocarpa-C. platycarpa, for which the triploid hybrids were frequently recorded in the area of co-occurrence of its parents. A hitherto unknown hybrid (probably C. hamulata × C. cophocarpa) with a unique chromosome number was discovered in the Czech Republic. However, hybridization occurs very rarely among most of the studied species. The main ecological preferences were also compared among the taxa collected. Although Callitriche taxa often grow in mixed populations, the ecological preferences of individual species are distinctly different in some cases. Anyway, flow cytometry is a very efficient method for taxonomic delimitation, determination and investigation of Callitriche species, and is even able to distinguish homoploid taxa and identify introduced species.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní bolest * farmakoterapie MeSH
- analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- analgezie * metody normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační bolest * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The authors present their experience with the option of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of malignant focal liver lesions. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective study conducted in the period from 2002-2005, 60 patients were treated using RFA during a total of 72 sessions and treating 108 lesions of various size, number and localisation. The method of RFA was applied either percutaneously under computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonographic (USG) navigation (22 patients) or surgically--during opened laparotomy or laparoscopy (42 patients). RESULTS: Median observation time was 12.7 months (with the range 3-36 months). Authors did not observe any serious complications after RFA treatment in the study population. Median time of local recurrence in the ablated lesion position was 13.5 months in the observed population, median time of metastatic progression in the residual liver parenchyma was 12 months, and overall median survival was 22 months. Percutaneous RFA application demonstrated significantly worse results when compared with surgical application in previously the mentioned parameters. Lesions larger than 3cm in diameter also showed statistically more frequent local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: RFA is appreciated as minimally invasive method of treatment for liver malignancies with promising perspectives of therapeutic effects.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- katetrizační ablace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater chirurgie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu metody trendy využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- katetrizační ablace metody trendy využití MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- fekální inkontinence chirurgie komplikace terapie MeSH
- kolorektální chirurgie metody využití MeSH
- laboratorní medicína MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- nádory rekta farmakoterapie chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- neoadjuvantní terapie metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- chybná diagnóza MeSH
- chybná zdravotní péče MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy škodlivé účinky využití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- histologie MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie využití MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie využití MeSH
- tenké střevo chirurgie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
