Patogenní varianty v genu ABCD1 jsou genetickou příčinou X‐vázané adrenoleukodystrofie (X‐ALD). X‐ALD se může manifestovat jako závažná letální adrenoleukodystrofie (ALD), mírnější adrenomyeloneuropatie (AMN) nebo adrenální insuficience (Addisonova nemoc), ale může se klinicky projevit jen jako mírná spastická paraparéza, zejména u žen přenašeček. Během několika let genetické diagnostiky dědičných spastických paraparéz (HSP) byly diagnostikovány čtyři české rodiny s patogenní variantou v genu ABCD1, kdy byl některý ze členů rodiny odeslán k vyšetření genů spojovaných s hereditární spastickou paraparézou, která byla jediným klinickým projevem nemoci, někdy dokonce u více členů rodiny. Až na základě genetické diagnostiky a po nalezení kauzální patogenní varianty v genu ABCD1 bylo možné zpětně správně stanovit diagnózu některých příslušníků rodin, neboť byli vedeni (případně i zemřeli) s diagnózou roztroušená skleróza, nemoci motoneuronu aj. Znalost kauzální patogenní varianty je velmi důležitá a na jejím základě lze pak v rodině stanovit riziko zejména pro mužské jedince, protože u nich vzhledem k X-vázané dědičnosti hrozí závažný až fatální průběh onemocnění. X‐vázaná dědičnost v rodině, mírnější klinické projevy v podobě spastické paraparézy u žen a projevy ALD, AMN nebo adrenální insuficience (Addisonova nemoc) u mužů v rodině mohou být dobrým vodítkem při podezření na tuto diagnózu. Počet takových rodin může být v ČR mnohem vyšší. Jedním z klinických projevů a biochemickým ukazatelem onemocnění jsou vysoké hladiny mastných kyselin s velmi dlouhým řetězcem (VLCFA) v krevním séru, které jsou jednoduše diagnostikovatelné. Pro genetické potvrzení diagnózy jsou k dispozici klasické i nové metody genomiky.
Pathogenic variants in the ABCD1 gene are the genetic cause of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). X-ALD can manifest as severe fatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), milder adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), or adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), but it can present clinically only as mild spastic paraparesis, particularly in female carriers. During several years of genetically diagnosing hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP), four Czech families were diagnosed with a pathogenic variant in the ABCD1 gene when one of the family members was referred for testing of genes associated with hereditary spastic paraparesis that was the only clinical manifestation of the disease, sometimes even in several family members. Only on the basis of genetic diagnosis and after identification of the causative pathogenic variant in the ABCD1 gene, it was possible to retrospectively determine the correct diagnosis of some family members, as they had been diagnosed (or died) with multiple sclerosis, motor neurone disease, and others. The knowledge of the causative pathogenic variant is very important and it is on its basis that the risk can be determined in the family, particularly for male individuals because they are at risk of severe to fatal course of the disease due to X-linked inheritance. X-linked inheritance in the family, milder clinical manifestations in the form of spastic paraparesis in women, and manifestations of ALD, AMN, or adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) in male family members can all be good clues to lead one to suspect this diagnosis. The number of such families may be much higher in the Czech Republic. One of the clinical manifestations and biochemical markers of the disease are high levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the blood serum which are easy to diagnose. Classic as well as novel methods of genomics are available for genetic confirmation of the diagnosis.
- MeSH
- adrenoleukodystrofie * diagnostické zobrazování klasifikace patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- spastická paraparéza * diagnóza etiologie genetika MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
V článku uvádíme kazuistiku mladého muže, který byl vyšetřován pro neplodnost. Spermiogram prokázal azoospermii. Teprve komplexní sexuologické, urologické a genetické vyšetření objevilo příčinu neplodnosti páru, a to strukturální aberaci chromozomu Y – isochromozom i(Y) (p10), duplikace krátkých ramének chromozomu Y a delece celého dlouhého raménka Y (tudíž i celé oblasti AZF genu). Tento nález koreloval s klinickým nálezem azoospermie. Isochromozom Yp (ORPHA:98797) je vzácná gonozomální aberace charakterizovaná variabilními klinickými projevy zahrnujícími: normální zdravé fertilní muže, muže s infertilitou a muže s obojetnými genitáliemi a inkompletní maskulinizací. Po zjištění této chromozomální aberace se pár rozhodl pro asistovanou reprodukci s využitím spermií dárce.
In the article we present a case report of a young man who was undergoing investigation for infertility. Spermogram results showed azoospermia. Only a complex sexological, urological and genetic examination found the cause of the couple's infertility, namely a structural aberration of the Y chromosome - isochromosome i(Y)(p10), duplication of the short arm of the Y chromosome and deletion of the entire long arm of the Y chromosome (hence the entire AZF gene region). This finding correlated with the clinical findings of azoospermia. Isochromosome Yp (ORPHA:98797) is a rare gonosomal aberration characterised by variable clinical manifestations including: normal healthy fertile men, men with infertility and men with ambiguous genitalia and incomplete masculinisation. After the discovery of this chromosomal aberration, the couple decided to undergo assisted reproduction using donor sperm.
V článku uvádíme kazuistiku pacienta, který po nasazení substituční terapie testosteronem (testosterone replacement therapy – TRT) pro centrální hypogonadismus trpěl recidivujícími priapismy. Tato komplikace TRT je velice vzácná a v literatuře málo popsaná. Pacient musel podstoupit výplach kavernózních těles, ale přesto došlo k recidivě priapismu. Teprve po nasazení antiandrogenní léčby recidivy priapismu ustaly.
We present a case report of a patient who suffered from recurrent priapism after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for central hypogonadism. This complication of TRT is very rare and poorly described in the literature. The patient had to undergo cavernous body lavage but still experienced recurrent priapism. It was only after anti-androgen therapy was administered that the recurrence of priapism ceased.
- Klíčová slova
- mikrodeleční syndrom,
- MeSH
- antagonisté androgenů terapeutické užití MeSH
- delece genu MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hormonální substituční terapie MeSH
- hypogonadismus * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- priapismus * chemicky indukované MeSH
- testosteron škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Romani people have a high prevalence of kidney failure. This study examined a Romani cohort for pathogenic variants in the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes that are affected in Alport syndrome (AS), a common cause of genetic kidney disease, characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, end-stage kidney failure, hearing loss, and eye anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 57 Romani from different families with clinical features that suggested AS who underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes, and 83 family members. RESULTS: In total, 27 Romani (19%) had autosomal recessive AS caused by a homozygous pathogenic c.1598G>A, p.Gly533Asp variant in COL4A4 (n = 20) or a homozygous c.415G>C, p.Gly139Arg variant in COL4A3 (n = 7). For p.Gly533Asp, 12 (80%) had macroscopic hematuria, 12 (63%) developed end-stage kidney failure at a median age of 22 years, and 13 (67%) had hearing loss. For p.Gly139Arg, none had macroscopic hematuria (p = 0.023), three (50%) had end-stage kidney failure by a median age of 42 years (p = 0.653), and five (83%) had hearing loss (p = 0.367). The p.Gly533Asp variant was associated with a more severe phenotype than p.Gly139Arg, with an earlier age at end-stage kidney failure and more macroscopic hematuria. Microscopic hematuria was very common in heterozygotes with both p.Gly533Asp (91%) and p.Gly139Arg (92%). CONCLUSION: These two founder variants contribute to the high prevalence of kidney failure in Czech Romani. The estimated population frequency of autosomal recessive AS from these variants and consanguinity by descent is at least 1:11,000 in Czech Romani. This corresponds to a population frequency of autosomal dominant AS from these two variants alone of 1%. Romani with persistent hematuria should be offered genetic testing.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Confirmation of the newly described 1p36.13-1p36.12 microdeletion syndrome by finding of a 2,2 Mb deletion in the critical region in a Czech two generation family with a very similar phenotype, but in addition also polyneuropathy of lower limbs.
- MeSH
- chromozomální delece * MeSH
- chromozomální poruchy * genetika MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 1 genetika MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Hearing loss is a genetically heterogeneous sensory defect, and the frequent causes are biallelic pathogenic variants in the GJB2 gene. However, patients carrying only one heterozygous pathogenic (monoallelic) GJB2 variant represent a long-lasting diagnostic problem. Interestingly, previous results showed that individuals with a heterozygous pathogenic GJB2 variant are two times more prevalent among those with hearing loss compared to normal-hearing individuals. This excess among patients led us to hypothesize that there could be another pathogenic variant in the GJB2 region/DFNB1 locus. A hitherto undiscovered variant could, in part, explain the cause of hearing loss in patients and would mean reclassifying them as patients with GJB2 biallelic pathogenic variants. In order to detect an unknown causal variant, we examined 28 patients using NGS with probes that continuously cover the 0.4 Mb in the DFNB1 region. An additional 49 patients were examined by WES to uncover only carriers. We did not reveal a second pathogenic variant in the DFNB1 region. However, in 19% of the WES-examined patients, the cause of hearing loss was found to be in genes other than the GJB2. We present evidence to show that a substantial number of patients are carriers of the GJB2 pathogenic variant, albeit only by chance.
- MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- heterozygot MeSH
- konexin 26 genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- percepční nedoslýchavost genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Non-syndromic autosomal recessive hearing loss is an extremely heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in more than 80 genes. We examined Czech patients with early/prelingual non-syndromic, presumably genetic hearing loss (NSHL) without known cause after GJB2 gene testing. Four hundred and twenty-one unrelated patients were examined for STRC gene deletions with quantitative comparative fluorescent PCR (QCF PCR), 197 unrelated patients with next-generation sequencing by custom-designed NSHL gene panels and 19 patients with whole-exome sequencing (WES). Combining all methods, we discovered the cause of the disease in 54 patients. The most frequent type of NSHL was DFNB16 (STRC), which was detected in 22 patients, almost half of the clarified patients. Other biallelic pathogenic mutations were detected in the genes: MYO15A, LOXHD1, TMPRSS3 (each gene was responsible for five clarified patients, CDH23 (four clarified patients), OTOG and OTOF (each gene was responsible for two clarified patients). Other genes (AIFM1, CABP2, DIAPH1, PTPRQ, RDX, SLC26A4, TBC1D24, TECTA, TMC1) that explained the cause of hearing impairment were further detected in only one patient for each gene. STRC gene mutations, mainly deletions remain the most frequent NSHL cause after mutations in the GJB2.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- hluchota embryologie genetika patologie MeSH
- kadheriny genetika MeSH
- konexin 26 genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny genetika MeSH
- membránové proteiny genetika MeSH
- mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny genetika MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- myosiny genetika MeSH
- nádorové proteiny genetika MeSH
- nedoslýchavost epidemiologie genetika patologie MeSH
- sekvenování exomu MeSH
- serinové endopeptidasy genetika MeSH
- transportní proteiny genetika MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: The Roma are a European ethnic minority threatened by several recessive diseases. Variants in MANBA cause a rare lysosomal storage disorder named beta-mannosidosis whose clinical manifestation includes deafness and mental retardation. Since 1986, only 23 patients with beta-mannosidosis and biallelic MANBA variants have been described worldwide. RESULTS: We now report on further 10 beta-mannosidosis patients of Roma origin from eight families in the Czech and Slovak Republics with hearing loss, mental retardation and homozygous pathogenic variants in MANBA. MANBA variant c.2158-2A>G screening among 345 anonymized normal hearing controls from Roma populations revealed a carrier/heterozygote frequency of 3.77%. This is about 925 times higher than the frequency of this variant in the gnomAD public database and classifies the c.2158-2A>G variant as a prevalent, ethnic-specific variant causing hearing loss and mental retardation in a homozygous state. The frequency of heterozygotes/carriers is similar to another pathogenic variant c.71G>A (p.W24*) in GJB2, regarded as the most frequent variant causing deafness in Roma populations. CONLCUSION: Beta-mannosidosis, due to a homozygous c.2158-2A>G MANBA variant, is an important and previously unknown cause of hearing loss and mental retardation among Central European Roma.
- MeSH
- beta-mannosidóza * MeSH
- etnicita MeSH
- hluchota * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menšiny MeSH
- nedoslýchavost * genetika MeSH
- Romové * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
