OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify similar WHO European countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate during the first 12 peak weeks of pandemic outbreak to find out whether exact coherent parts of Europe were more affected than others, and to set relationship between age and higher COVID-19 mortality rate. METHODS: COVID-19 cases and deaths from 28 February to 21 May 2020 of 37 WHO European countries were aggregated into 12 consecutive weeks. The fuzzy C-means clustering was performed to identify similar countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and log-log linear regression analyses were performed to set up relation between COVID-19 mortality rate and age. Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test was used to explore differences between countries possessing higher mortality rate and age. RESULTS: Based on the highest value of the coefficient of overall separation five clusters of similar countries were identified for incidence rate, mortality rate and in total. Analysis according to weeks offered trends where progress of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate was visible. Pearson coefficient (0.69) suggested moderately strong connection between mortality rate and age, Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant differences between countries experiencing higher mortality rate and age vs. countries having both indicators lower (p < 0.001). Log-log linear regression analysis defined every increase in life expectancy at birth in total by 1% meant growth in mortality rate by 22% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spain, Belgium and Ireland, closely followed by Sweden and Great Britain were identified as the worst countries in terms of incidence and mortality rate in the monitored period. Luxembourg, Belarus and Moldova accompanied the group of the worst countries in terms of incidence rate and Italy, France and the Netherland in terms of mortality rate. Correlation analysis and the Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant positive relationship between mortality rate and age. Log-log linear regression analysis proved that higher age accelerated the growth of mortality rate.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Běloruská republika MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- Francie MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
Objective: The research is focused on the relation between obesity and bronchial asthma, whose prevalence has been increasing. Methods: The sample group consisted of 506 respondents at the age of over 19 years who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma. The research methods were a questionnaire, asthma control test and medical history analysis. The data were processed using a descriptive statistics method and cluster analysis. Results: We discovered that a BMI increase does not depend on gender. A worsened asthma stabilization, which is monitored using ACTTM, is related to obesity. Obesity occurred in respondents with lower income and education. Conclusion: Obesity worsens the stabilization of bronchial asthma. Respondents with a lower socio-economic status tended to be obese.
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma * diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita komplikace MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Nízké socioekonomické postavení (SES) je spojeno se zvýšenou morbiditou a úmrtností. Bronchiální astma (AB), její exacerbace a vysoký stupeň je spojena s nízkou socioekonomickou situací. Nízké příjmy jsou spojeny se sníženou kvalitou života, zvýšenou nezaměstnaností, nižšími pracovními náklady, nižšími finančními hodnoceními, méně profesionálními výpadky, často s manuální prací, která je spojena s vyšší prevalencí astmatu. Výzkum prováděný na ambulantní klinice Pneumologie a ftiziologie katedry interního lékařství Fakultní nemocnice v Nitře zahrnoval 506 respondentů ve věku 19 let a starších s diagnózou bronchiálního astmatu. Hlavními použitými metodami výzkumu byly dotazník, test kontroly astmatu a analýza lékařské dokumentace. Otázky v dotazníku byly zaměřeny na identifikaci, demografické a socioekonomické faktory. Získaná data byla zpracována popisnou statistikou a klastrovou analýzou. Nízké hodnoty SES zhoršily stabilizaci bronchiálního astmatu a respondenti pravidelně nepoužívali léčbu astmatu. Ti, kteří mají vyšší vzdělání, zaměstnání a určitý příjem (starobní důchodci), mají více stabilizovaný bronchiální astma. Lepší socioekonomická situace u respondenta pozitivně ovlivňuje pozorování léčby bronchiálního astmatu a zlepšuje kontrolu astmatu.
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bronchial asthma (AB), its exacerbation and its high degree is associated with a low socioeconomic situation. Low incomes are associated with reduced quality of life, increased unemployment, lower work rates, lower financial ratings, less professional downtime, often with manual work that is associated with higher asthma prevalence. The research carried out in the Pneumology and Phthisiology Out-patient Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital in Nitra included 506 respondents aged 19 and over with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. The main research methods used were the questionnaire, the asthma control test and the medical documentation analysis. Questions in the questionnaire focused on identification, demographic and socioeconomic factors. The obtained data were processed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Low SES worsened the stabilization of bronchial asthma and respondents do not use treatment of asthma regularly. Those with a higher education, employment, and a certain income (old-age pensioners) have more stabilized bronchial asthma. A better socioeconomic situation in a respondent positively affects the observation of the treatment of bronchial asthma and improves asthma control.
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bronchial asthma (AB), its exacerbation and its high degree is associated with a low socioeconomic situation. Low incomes are associated with reduced quality of life, increased unemployment, lower work rates, lower financial ratings, less professional downtime, often with manual work that is associated with higher asthma prevalence. The research carried out in the Pneumology and Phthisiology Out-patient Clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital in Nitra included 506 respondents aged 19 and over with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. The main research methods used were the questionnaire, the asthma control test and the medical documentation analysis. Questions in the questionnaire focused on identification, demographic and socioeconomic factors. The obtained data were processed by descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Low SES worsened the stabilization of bronchial asthma and respondents do not use treatment of asthma regularly. Those with a higher education, employment, and a certain income (old-age pensioners) have more stabilized bronchial asthma. A better socioeconomic situation in a respondent positively affects the observation of the treatment of bronchial asthma and improves asthma control.
- MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- epidemiologické monitorování * MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- nádory * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- neuronové sítě MeSH
- populační charakteristiky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění vody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí * prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Cieľ práce: Cieľom uvedenej analýzy je zistiť, či existujú nejaké rozdiely v histopatologických parametrov v skupine solídnych nádorov obličiek a solídnych nádorov s cystickou degeneráciou a komplexnými cystami. Materiál a metódy: Vyhodnotených bolo retrospektívne 147 nádorových lézií obličiek v období (od septembra 2005 do marca 2008). Nádory boli následne rozdelené do troch skupín [(1) 1-3 cm; (2) 3,1-5 cm a (3) 5,1-7 cm]. K veľkosti nádorovej lézie bol vyhodnotený výsledok histopatologického vyšetrenia (typ nádoru, patologické štádium, nukleárny grade podľa Fuhrmanovej, prítomnosť cystického komponentu, nekrózy a hemorágie). V rámci subanalýzy sa porovnali solídne nádory verzus solídne nádory s cystickou degeneráciou a komplexné cysty obličiek do priemeru 5 cm. Výsledky: Počet benígnych lézií bol v uvedených skupinách v (10 %; 10,5 %; 0 %). Nebol štatisticky významný rozdiel v počte malígnych a benígnych nádorov v závislosti od veľkosti nádoru na základe kvalitatívnej analýzy. V rámci subanalýzy solídne nádory obličiek (62 pacientov) proti nádorom s cystickou zložkou (25 pacientov) a komplexným cystám obličiek (35 pacientov) do priemeru 5 cm bol počet benígnych lézií (12,9 %; 4 %; 28,1 %) pre jednotlivé skupiny následovne. Nukleárny grading 1/2 v (74,2 %; 91,7 %; 92 %); grading 3 (14,4 %; 8,3 %; 8 %). Všetky nádory s cystickou zložkou boli diagnostikované v patologickom štádiu pT1a/b, v skupine solídnych nádorov obličiek bolo 12,9 % potvrdených v pokročilom štádiu pT3a/b. Nebol potvrdený štatisticky významný rozdiel medzi typom/štádiom a gradingom nádoru na základe kvalitatívnej analýzy, ale bola štatisticky významná korelácia medzi typom nádoru a gradingom. Pri nepriaznivejšom gradingu je menej pravdepodobný nález cystickej degenerácie, alebo komponentu v solídnom nádore do priemeru 5 cm (Kendall´s Tau B). Záver: Cystická zložka nádoru sa javí ako parameter lepšej prognózy. Sú potrebné ďalšie štúdie, ktoré by potvrdili tieto výsledky s následnou štatistickou analýzou a inkorporáciou prítomnosti cystického komponentu do prognostických systémov.
Aim of the study: The aim of our study was to reveal if there are some differences in histopathologic parameters, when solid versus solid tumors with cystic component and complex renal cysts were compared. Material and methods: 147 kidney tumors were reviewed retrospectively from September 2005 until March 2008. The tumors were divided into three groups according to the tumor size [(1) 1-3 cm; (2) 3.1-5 cm a (3) 5.1-7 cm]. Tumor size was correlated to histological examination (tumor type, pathological TNM stage, and nuclear (Fuhrman) grade, presence of cystic component, necrosis and hemorrhage). In subanalysis solid tumors versus tumors with cystic degeneration versus complex renal cysts up to 5cm in diameter were compared. Results: The number of benign lesions in each category was (10 %, 10.5 %, 0 %). There was no statistically significant difference between the number of malignant and benign tumors stratified by size according to the qualitative analysis. In the subanalysis when solid tumors (total of 62 pts) were compared with tumors with cystic component (25 pts) versus complex renal cysts (35 pts) up to 5 cm in greatest diameter, the number of benign lesions was (12.9 %, 4 %, 28.1 %) for each group respectively. Nuclear grade 1/2 in (74.2 %, 91.7 %, 92 %); grade 3 was (14.4 %, 8.3 %, 8 %). All tumors with cystic component were diagnosed in pathological stage pT1a/b, in the group of solid tumors 12.9 % were diagnosed in pT3a/b stage. There was no statistically significant difference between the tumor type/stage and grade according to the qualitative analysis. But there was a highly significant correlation between tumor type and grade. The higher the grade, the less common finding of presence of the cystic component in solid tumors up to 5 cm in diameter (Kendall´s Tau B). Conclusion: Cystic component of the tumor seems to be a parameter of favorable prognosis. The further studies are necessary to confirm these results followed with statistical analysis and incorporation of the cystic component into the prognostic integrated systems.
The aim of the article was to point out recorded cardiovascular deaths did not copy the real number of cardiovascular deaths, but may also include other causes of deaths. We evaluated all death notifi cations reported to the Statistical Offi ce of the Slovak republic during the 10-year period, that is 519,680 cases in total. We analysed the year of death, location of death and the cause of death. The causes of deaths were split into three groups: cancer deaths, cardiovascular deaths (CVD) and other deaths. We used the fuzzy c cluster analysis and the basic epidemiological and statistical methods for the evaluation. We uncovered some Slovak districts had long-term higher mortality (Lučenec, Rimavská Sobota, Rožňava, Trebišov and Krupina), as well as the other districts having the long-term lower mortality (Bratislava, Košice, almost all Žilina region, Poprad, Spišská Nová Ves and Dunajská Streda). The cancer and cardiovascular deaths signifi cantly correlated in terms of the Slovak districts. Evaluating the mutual causes of death proportion we identifi ed two groups of Slovak districts; the fi rst group of districts showing higher CVD deaths had lower cancer and other deaths, the second having higher proportion of cancer and other deaths reached the lower CVD deaths. It seems deaths have the similar pattern throughout the whole country, and the numerical differences are probably given only by the quality and the quantity of the death certifi cation.
- MeSH
- fuzzy logika MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita trendy MeSH
- nádory mortalita MeSH
- příčina smrti trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Cieľ štúdie: Hlavným cieľom práce bolo posúdiť účinnosť a bezpečnosť acebutololu (Sectral) v liečbe artériovej hypertenzie v gravidite.Typ štúdie: Dlhodobé sledovanie formou observačnej štúdie – porovnanie účinnosti a bezpečnostiacebutololu a iných antihypertenzív. Štúdia, ktorá trvala 6 rokov, bola realizovaná vytvorenímskupín (kohort) postupným zaraďovaním pacientok. Súbor tvorilo 77 gravidných žien, u ktorýchsa zistila niektorá z foriem artériovej hypertenzie v gravidite.Názov a sídlo pracoviska: II. interné oddelenie a klinika klinickej farmakológie NsP Nitra a Fakulty zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce Trnavskej univerzity; Gynekologicko-pôrodnícka klinika NsPNitra a Fakulty zdravotníctva a sociálnej práce Trnavskej univerzity; Farmakologický ústav LFUK, Bratislava; Environment, a.s. Nitra, SR.Metodika: Súbor sledovaných pacientok sme rozdelili do skupín na základe 4 foriem hypertenziev gravidite a podľa liekov, ktoré im boli ordinované z hľadiska nameraných hodnôt krvného tlaku. 48 pacientok bolo liečených acebutololom. Možný vplyv farmakoterapie na kvalitu životanovorodencov sme vyhodnocovali podľa dĺžky gestácie, pôrodnej hmotnosti, dĺžky a hodnotenímApgarovej skóre.Výsledky: Analýzou výsledkov 77 gravidných žien a 81 novorodencov sme potvrdili účinnosť a bezpečnosť aplikovanej farmakoterapie, vrátane použitia acebutololu v liečbe hypertenzie v gravidite, bez závažnejšieho ovplyvnenia kvality života novorodencov v perinatálnom období.Záver: Na základe vlastných výsledkov usudzujeme, že acebutolol je účinný a bezpečný liek, ktorýmôže byť indikovaný v liečbe hypertenzie v gravidite.
Objective: The main purpose of our study was to analyse efficacy and safety of acebutolol (Sectral)in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy.Design: Cohort clinical study comparing efficacy and safety of acebutolol with other antihypertensive drugs by 77 patients and their 81 new-borns. The number of 48 patients were treated byacebutolol.Setting: Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Regional Hospital, Nitra andThe Faculty of Health Service and Social Work, University of Trnava; Department of Gynaecologyand Obstetrics, Regional Hospital Nitra and The Faculty of Health Service and Social Work,University of Trnava; Institute of Pharmacology, The Faculty of Medicine, Komenského University, Bratislava; Environment, a.s. Nitra.Methods: During the period of 6 years our patients were divided into subgroups according to thetype of hypertension in pregnancy and the severity of the illness which was the basis for usedantihypertensive drugs. One of the topics of the study was to provide monitoring of adverseevents by mother and possible drug influence on their new-born has been evaluated by investigating the week of birth, weight and length of the newborn and evaluating of Apgar score.Results: In the subgroup of 48 women treated by acebutolol we have confirmed the efficacy andsafety of this antihypertensive drug without any clinically significant effect on the quality of lifeof their new-born and evaluating of Apgar score.Conclusion: With regard to the results of our clinical study we can consider acebutolol to beeffective and safe antihypertensive drug in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy.
- MeSH
- elektrárny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- jaderná energie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- nádory epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny nádorové analýza imunologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- embryonální karcinom imunologie MeSH
- keratiny analýza imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky diagnostické užití MeSH
- nádory plic diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skvamocelulární nádory diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
