BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to document the occurrence and evolution of post-stroke spasticity (PSS). The secondary goal was to identify predictors for increases and decreases in PSS rates during 12 months of subsequent follow-up. METHODS: In a longitudinal, multicenter, prospective cohort study, assessments were done at 7 days (V1), 6 months (V2), and 12 months (V3) after stroke onset. A total of 307 consecutive patients from four comprehensive stroke centers with the first-ever stroke of carotid origin and the presence of motor deficit at day 7 were included. The demographic data, baseline characteristics, Barthel index, degree and pattern of paresis and muscle tone were evaluated and recorded. Spasticity was assessed using the modified Ashworth scale. RESULTS: Spasticity was present in 45.0% of patients at V1, in 49.5% at V2, and in 43.2% at V3. A significant number of patients experienced changes in spasticity between visits: increased/new occurrence of spasticity in 32.5% (V1 and V2) and in 13.6% (V2 and V3) of patients; decreased occurrence/disappearance of spasticity in 18.5% (V1 and V2) and in 18.3% (V2 and V3) of patients. The number of patients with severe spasticity increased throughout the year, from 2.6% to 13.0% (V2) and 12.5% (V3). CONCLUSIONS: Spasticity developed in almost half of the included patients. The degree of spasticity often changed over time, in both directions. The rate of severe spasticity increased during the first year, with the maximum at 6 months following stroke onset.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová spasticita epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Drug amorphisation by loading to inorganic mesoporous carriers represents an emerging area of improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this work, for the first time, a molecular-level insight into the process of API loading to mesoporous SiO2 (silica) carriers by the hot-melt impregnation method and its subsequent release during dissolution was obtained using ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. A physical mixture of ibuprofen crystals and mesoporous silica particles was heated and the dynamics of melt loading into the silica pore structure was directly observed in situ by ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. The loss of crystallinity, the redistribution of the API in the silica pore network and the subsequent stabilisation of the amorphous form upon cooling were proven. The API was involved in two different kinds of molecular-level interactions: API dimers in the amorphous bulk, and individual API molecules adsorbed on the silica surface. The melt-loaded silica carriers were comprehensively characterised by DSC, SEM and dissolution tests, which proved dissolution rate enhancement due to amorphisation of the API. Drug release form the hot-melt loaded mesoporous silica carriers was observed in real time and the conditions leading to local re-crystallisation of super-saturated solution of the API were identified.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- chemie farmaceutická metody MeSH
- diferenciální skenovací kalorimetrie MeSH
- ibuprofen aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie MeSH
- oxid křemičitý chemie MeSH
- poréznost MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
- uvolňování léčiv MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Individual variation in immune responses to herpesviruses was observed in various species. Here, associations between polymorphic molecular markers and life-long anti-EHV-1/4 antibody immune responses were analyzed in a model EHV-infected population of the Old Kladruber horses. Two-dimensional analysis including overall mean titers and titer dynamics expressed by differences between spring and autumn titers allowed identification of low-responders. 50 randomly selected microsatellites and nine single nucleotide polymorphisms in nine immunity-related candidate genes were genotyped. Due to differences (p<0.001) in antibody titers between two color varieties of Old Kladruber horses, separate association studies were performed in the two sub-populations by using the Fisher's exact test. In black horses, the interleukin 4 receptor and MxA protein coding genes, and the microsatellite TKY325 were associated with the responder status. In the grey population, the microsatellite TKY343 showed significant association with anti-EHV antibody responsiveness after Bonferroni corrections.
- MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- herpesvirus 1 koní genetika imunologie MeSH
- herpetické infekce genetika imunologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- koně MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
- nemoci koní genetika imunologie virologie MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- protilátky virové krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have completely changed the prognosis of patients with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The occurrence of a second malignancy (SM) in CML patients successfully treated with TKI may significantly affect their prognosis. In a retrospective study of 1,038 patients with CML treated at 10 centers in the Czech Republic and Slovakia between 2000 and 2009, SM was detected in 35 (3.37%) patients after TKI therapy was initiated. The median intervals from the diagnosis of CML and from the start of TKI therapy to the diagnosis of SM were 58 months (range 2 - 214) and 32 months (range 1 - 102), respectively. The observed age-standardized incidence of SM after the start of TKI therapy was 8.95 / 1,000 person-years. Comparison of the incidence of SM in CML patients with population data was performed only for patients from the Czech Republic. The age-standardized incidence rate of all malignant tumors except non-melanoma skin cancers was 6.76 (95% CI: 6.74; 6.78) / 1,000 person-years in 2000 - 2007 while the incidence rate of SM in 708 CML patients from the Czech Republic treated with TKI was 9.84 (95% CI: 6.20; 13.48) / 1,000 person-years, i.e. 1.5-fold higher, although the difference was statistically insignificant. The distribution of SM types in CML patients treated with TKI was similar to that in the age-standardized general Czech population. The median overall survival (OS) of patients treated with TKI who also developed SM (57 months) was shorter than the OS of patients treated with TKI but not suffering from SM (median OS not reached, log rank test p < 0.001. Prospective long-term population-based studies in CML patients treated with TKI as first-line therapy are needed to determine the relationship of SM to KTI therapy.
- MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sekundární malignity epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tyrosinkinasy antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
