Zeolites are one of the most important heterogeneous catalysts, with a high number of large-scale industrial applications. While the synthesis of new zeolites remain rather limited, introduction of germanium has substantially increased our ability to not only direct the synthesis of zeolites but also to convert them into new materials post-synthetically. The smaller Ge-O-Ge angles (vs. Si-O-Si) and lability of the Ge-O bonds in aqueous solutions account for this behaviour. This Minireview discusses critical aspects of germanosilicate synthesis and their post-synthesis transformations to porous materials.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Statins have revolutionized the treatment of hypercholesterolemia due to their ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. Their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and positive effects on the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications are well known. Here, we describe the effects of statins on the treatment of presbycusis in C57BL/6J mice. In this strain with accelerated aging, we demonstrate that animals treated with atorvastatin (10mg/kg per day in chow diet) for 2 months showed larger amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) than did the non-treated control group. This finding indicates a better survival of outer hair cell function in the inner ear of C57BL/6J mice. The observed decreased expression of intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules in the aortic wall of atorvastatin-treated animals suggests that reducing endothelial inflammatory effects may contribute to the positive effect of atorvastatin on the amplitudes of DPOAE by influencing the blood supply to the inner ear. No such beneficial effect of statins was found in apoE(-/-) mice treated with atorvastatin under the same conditions. Our results suggest that statins could also slow down the age-related deterioration of hearing in man.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- apolipoproteiny E nedostatek MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kyseliny heptylové terapeutické užití MeSH
- mezibuněčná adhezivní molekula-1 metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- otoakustické emise spontánní účinky léků MeSH
- potrava speciální MeSH
- presbyakuze dietoterapie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pyrroly terapeutické užití MeSH
- receptory vasopresinů metabolismus MeSH
- sluchový práh fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- statiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- vnitřní ucho patofyziologie MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Syntheses of 2,6-bis[((3S)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]pyridine and its coordination compounds with Cu2+, Co2+, Co3+, or Fe3+ are described. By means of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra it was proved that 2,6-bis[((3S)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-2-yl)carbonyl]pyridine as well as its coordination compound with Co3+ exist in the form of a mixture of three conformers, differing in the conformations at the two amide groups present. The prepared coordination compounds were tested in the enantioselective catalysis of the nitroaldol addition of nitromethane with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde or 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and in the Michael addition of ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate to but-3-en-2-one.
Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of endothelial adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM- 1), strongly participate in leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and play an important role in all stages of atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify the changes of endothelial expression of VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in the vessel wall after the short-term administration of simvastatin, atorvastatin, and micro dispersed derivatives of oxidised cellulose (MDOC) in apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice atherosclerotic model. Hyperlipidemic apoE(-/-) mice (n = 32) received normal chow diet or diet containing simvastatin or atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day or MDOC 50 mg/kg/day. Total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL and TAG were measured and the endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was visualized and quantified by means of immunohistochemistry and stereology, respectively. Total cholesterol levels was insignificantly lowered only in MDOC treated mice but not in mice treated with statins. ICAM-1 endothelial expression was not affected by neither simvastatin nor MDOC treatment. However, significant diminution of VCAM-1 endothelial expression was observed in both atorvastatin and MDOC treated mice. These results provide new information of potential hypolipidemic substance MDOC and its potential anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, we have confirmed anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin independent of plasma cholesterol lowering. Thus, the results of this study show potential benefit of both MDOC and atorvastatin treatment in apoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis suggesting their possible combination might be of interest.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- apolipoproteiny E genetika nedostatek MeSH
- ateroskleróza farmakoterapie MeSH
- celulosa oxidovaná farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cévní buněčněadhezivní molekula-1 metabolismus MeSH
- cévní endotel metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hyperlipidemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- kyseliny heptylové farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lipoproteiny krev MeSH
- mezibuněčná adhezivní molekula-1 metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pyrroly farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- simvastatin farmakologie MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
