Celotělovápostmortem CTangiografie(PMCTA) představujevcelosvětovémměřítkuexperimentálnímetoduzávisloupředevšímnadostupnostiinterdisciplinární spolupráce, personálním a technickém vybavení a finančních možnostech pracoviště. Autoři prezentují technické poznámky k etablovaní PMCTA na pracovišti, které od roku 2015 rutinně provádělo nativní CT vyšetření. Aplikaci této diagnosticky i vědecko-výzkumně výtěžné metody do soudnělékařské praxe umožnila mezioborová spolupráce společně s institucionální podporou rozvoje nových diagnostických metod.
Whole-body post mortem CT angiography (PMCTA) is an innovative and experimental imaging technique that relies heavily on interdisciplinary collaboration, access to skilled personnel, advanced technical equipment and the financial possibilities of the workplace. Native CT examinations (PMCT) prior to autopsy are already a standard procedure in certain forensic departments in the Czech Republic (e.g., murders, suicides, deaths of children, traffic accidents etc.). Nonetheless, the progression of forensic sciences all over the world shows the necessity to integrate other advanced imaging modalities in routine forensic practice. Incorporating PMCTA into standard forensic workflows enhances the precision of forensic diagnostics, supplements traditional autopsy findings, and elevates the objectivity of forensic outputs. This paper presents technical notes on the development of PMCTA in forensic practice in a department that since 2015 until now has routinely performed native CT examinations. Institutional support was crucial in enabling the adoption of the imaging technique, which has so far been applied to more than thirty cases. The department is currently conducting a comparative study focused on the application of three different types of perfusion media – polyethylene glycol (PEG), saline, paraffin oil – and assessing the diagnostic efficacy of PMCTA relative to conventional autopsy. Based on our experience, PMCTA is suitable for all corpses except those with advanced post-mortem decomposition or extensive open injuries. The highest diagnostic yield is achieved in cases involving suspected gastrointestinal bleeding or vascular pathologies and lesions especially of large vessels (e.g., dissection/rupture of the aorta). The protocol for whole-body PMCTA can be adapted to meet the specific needs and conditions of individual forensic departments, providing a flexible yet robust framework for enhancing forensic medical investigations.
- MeSH
- CT angiografie metody MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pitva * metody MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * metody MeSH
- soudní lékařství metody trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Invasive double-valve endocarditis with structural damage (abscess or perforation) of the aorto-mitral curtain is a relatively rare but fatal diagnosis requiring complex surgical reconstruction. This study presents the short-term and mid-term outcomes from a single center. METHODS: From 2014 to 2021, 20 patients with double-valve endocarditis with structural damage of the aorto-mitral curtain underwent surgical reconstruction (Hemi-Commando procedure n = 16 and Commando procedure n = 4). Data were obtained retrospectively. RESULTS: In 13 cases, the procedure was a reoperation. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 239 ± 47 min and the mean cross-clamp time was 186 ± 32 min. Concomitant procedures were tricuspid valve repair in two, coronary revascularization in one, closure of a ventricular septal defect in one and hemiarch (using circulatory arrest) in one patient. Eleven patients (55%) required surgical revision for bleeding. Thirty-day mortality was 30% (6 patients)-3 patients from the Hemi-Commando group (19%) and 3 patients from the Commando group (75%). Overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 60%, 50% and 45% respectively. Reoperation was required by 4 patients. Freedom from reoperation at 1, 3 and 5 years was 86%, 71% and 71% respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite the high postoperative morbidity and mortality, complex surgical reconstruction of the aorto-mitral continuity of patients with double-valve endocarditis represents the only real chance for survival. Mid-term outcomes are acceptable, but strict follow-up is required due to the risk of valve failure.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Unroofed coronary sinus is a rare congenital heart disease caused by the partial or complete absence of the common wall between the coronary sinus and left atrium. When indicated for repair, it is done either percutaneously or surgically. Repair using a totally endoscopic robotic procedure is rarely performed nor reported in the literature. We report a case of a 47-year-old male who underwent a successful totally endoscopic robotic repair of this anomaly.
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Background: The mechanism underlying aortic dilatation is still unknown. Vascular dilatation is thought to be the result of progressive aortic media degeneration caused by defective vascular matrix hemostasis, including TGF-β1 dysregulation. The goal of this study is to draw attention to the potential utility of TGF-β1 as a diagnostic marker in non-syndromic patients with aortic dilatation. Methods: TGF-β1 levels in plasma were measured in 50 patients who had undergone surgery and had a tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve as well as a normal or dilated ascending aorta. A pathologist also examined thirty resected aorta samples. To specify the reference range of TGF-β1, a control group of 40 volunteers was enrolled in this study. Results: We discovered a significant difference in TGF-β1 levels between patients with aortic dilatation and the control group (32.5 vs. 63.92; P < 0.001), as well as between patients with non-dilated aorta but with aortic valve disease, and the control group (27.68 vs. 63.92; P < 0.001). There was no difference between the dilated ascending aorta group and the non-dilated ascending aorta group. We found a poor correlation between TGF-β1 levels and ascending aorta diameter as well as the grade of ascending aorta histopathological abnormalities. Conclusion: TGF-β1 concentration does not meet the criteria to be a specific marker of aortic dilatation, but it is sensitive to aortic valvulopathy-aortopathy. A larger patient cohort study is needed to confirm these findings.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Robotic assistance (RA) in the harvesting of internal thoracic artery during minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) provides several potential benefits for surgeon and patient in comparison with conventional MIDCAB. The two technical options have not been thoroughly compared in the literature yet. We aimed to perform this in our cohort with the use of propensity-score matching (PSM). Methods: This was a retrospective comparison of all consecutive patients undergoing conventional MIDCAB (2005-2021) and RA-MIDCAB (2018-2021) at our institution with the use of PSM with 27 preoperative covariates. Results: Throughout the study period 603 patients underwent conventional and 132 patients underwent RA-MIDCAB. One hundred and thirty matched pairs were selected for further comparison. PSM successfully eliminated all preoperative differences. Patients after RA-MIDCAB had lower 24 h blood loss post-operatively (300 vs. 450 ml, p = 0.002). They had shorter artificial ventilation time (6 vs. 7 h, p = 0.018) and hospital stay (6 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001). There was no difference in the risk of perioperative complications, short-term and mid-term mortality between the groups. Conclusions: RA-MIDCAB is an attractive alternative to conventional MIDCAB. It is associated with lower post-operative blood loss and potentially faster rehabilitation after surgery. The mortality and the risk of perioperative complications are comparable among the groups.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Objectives. The One-minute Sit-To-Stand Test (STST) is a relatively novel physical performance test in the field of pulmonology. It measures the exercise tolerance of the patient. In this pilot study, we evaluated its predictive value for the postoperative course in cardiac surgery patients. Design. This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement. STST was applied in the patients, along with pulmonary function testing, a day prior to surgery, on postoperative day 7, and 3 months after surgery. A Short Form-36 health related quality of life survey (SF-36) was also included. The patients were divided into two groups according to the preoperative STST outcome: group A (≤20 repetitions, n = 12), and group B (>20 repetitions, n = 18). Results. We enrolled 30 patients in the study between May 2017 and May 2019. No complication were observed during the STST. The standard perioperative measures were identical for both groups. However, group A exhibited a significantly longer artificial ventilation time, as well as worse pulmonary function (VC, FVC, TLCO), on postoperative day 7. Concerning the SF-36, group A displayed a worse pre- and postoperative evaluation in both physical functioning and vitality. Conclusions. STST is a short and practical physical performance test that could enable a better prediction of the postoperative course after cardiac surgery. Patients with lower preoperative STST performance may require longer postoperative artificial ventilation, as they may present worse in some parameters of pulmonary functions and quality of life. However, these findings must be corroborated in larger studies.
OBJECTIVES: Conventional mitral valve surgery through median sternotomy improves long-term survival with acceptable morbidity and mortality. However, less-invasive approaches to mitral valve surgery are now increasingly employed. Whether minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is superior to conventional surgery is uncertain. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent mitral valve surgery via minithoracotomy or median sternotomy between 2012 and 2018. A propensity score-matched analysis was generated to eliminate differences in relevant preoperative risk factors between the two groups. RESULTS: Data from 525 patients were evaluated, 189 underwent minithoracotomy and 336 underwent median sternotomy. The 30 day mortality was similar between the minithoracotomy and conventional surgery groups (1 and 3%, respectively; p = 0.25). No differences were seen in the incidence of stroke (p = 1.00), surgical site infections (p = 0.09), or myocardial infarction (p = 0.23), or in total hospital cost (p = 0.48). However, the minimally invasive approach was associated with fewer patients receiving transfusions (59% versus 76% in the conventional group; p = 0.001) or requiring reoperation for bleeding (3% versus 9%, respectively; p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in 5 year survival between the minithoracotomy and conventional surgery groups (93% versus 86%, respectively; p = 0.21) and freedom from mitral valve reoperation (95% versus 94%, respectively; p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing mitral valve surgery, a minimally invasive approach is feasible, safe, and reproducible with excellent short-term outcomes; mid-term outcomes and efficacy were also seen to be comparable to conventional sternotomy.
- MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony * metody MeSH
- mitrální chlopeň chirurgie MeSH
- nemoci srdečních chlopní chirurgie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sternotomie * metody MeSH
- tendenční skóre MeSH
- torakotomie metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Single-lung ventilation facilitates surgical exposure during minimally invasive cardiac surgery. However, a deeper knowledge of antibiotic distribution within a collapsed lung is necessary for effective antibiotic prophylaxis of pneumonia. Patients and Methods: The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of cefuroxime were compared between the plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) of collapsed and ventilated lungs in 10 anesthetized pigs, which were ventilated through a double-lumen endotracheal cannula. Cefuroxime (20 mg/kg) was administered in single 30-minute intravenous infusion. Samples of blood and lung microdialysate were collected until six hours post-dose. Ultrafiltration, in vivo retrodialysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine plasma and ISF concentrations of free drug. The concentrations were examined with non-compartmental analysis and compartmental modeling. Results: The concentration of free cefuroxime in ISF was lower in the non-ventilated lung than the ventilated one, evidenced by a lung penetration factor of 47% versus 63% (p < 0.05), the ratio between maximum concentrations (65%, p < 0.05), and the ratio between the areas under the concentration-time curve (78%, p = 0.12). The time needed to reach a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 30%-40% longer for a collapsed lung than for a ventilated one. In addition, a delay of 10-40 minutes was observed for lung ISF compared with plasma. The mean residence time values (ISF collapsed lung > ISF ventilated lung > plasma) could explain the absence of practically important differences in the time interval with the concentration of cefuroxime exceeding the MICs of sensitive strains (≤4 mg/L). Conclusion: The concentration of cefuroxime in the ISF of a collapsed porcine lung is lower than in a ventilated one; furthermore, its equilibration with plasma is delayed. Administration of the first cefuroxime dose earlier or at a higher rate may be warranted, as well as dose intensification of the perioperative prophylaxis of pneumonia caused by pathogens with higher MICs.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- atelektáza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- cefuroxim * MeSH
- mikrodialýza MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- torakotomie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) often present with a dilated ascending aorta. However, the underlying pathogenesis for the observed changes in the aortic wall and the resulting aneurysmal dilation remains a subject of debate. This study aims to compare the histological abnormalities of the ascending aorta in BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients and their correlation with aortic diameter and patient age. METHODS: A total of 376 patients from our institution's clinical database were included in the retrospective analysis. These patients underwent either elective surgery for ascending aorta dilation or emergency surgery for aortic dissection, either isolated or with a structurally diseased aortic valve. After excision, the ascending aorta samples were analysed by a pathologist. RESULTS: On histological examination, a higher degree of elastic fibre fragmentation and loss and mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation was present in the samples from TAV patients when compared with that from BAV patients (P < 0.001). However, correlation was poor for all variables when considering aortic diameter and histological abnormalities or age and histological abnormalities in both BAV and TAV patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a greater incidence of severe histological abnormalities in TAV patients when compared with BAV patients.
- MeSH
- aorta MeSH
- aortální chlopeň * MeSH
- dilatace patologická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci srdečních chlopní * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Miniinvazivní chirurgické přístupy pro náhradu aortální chlopně představují z hlediska invazivity kompromis mezi standardní náhradou z mediánní sternotomie a transkatétrovou implantací aortální chlopně. Popularitu si získávají díky příznivým výsledkům nedávných studií. Cílem naší práce bylo provést analýzu volby a výsledků jednotlivých chirurgických přístupů pro tuto operaci v posledním pětiletí v České republice. Metodika: Provedli jsme retrospektivní analýzu všech izolovaných aortálních chlopenních náhrad provedených v České republice v letech 2015-2019 z hlediska volby chirurgického přístupu s využitím dat z Národního registru kardiovaskulárních operací a intervencí. Hodnotili jsme počet pacientů a časnou perioperační mortalitu v jednotlivých skupinách v čase a sumárně i časné perioperační výsledky pro jednotlivé přístupy. Výsledky: V čase je jasně vyjádřena stoupající tendence k volbě miniinvazivního přístupu pro náhradu aortální chlopně. V roce 2019 bylo až 287 pacientů (37,5 %) operováno miniinvazivně (27,6 % z parciální sternotomie a 9,3 % z torakotomie, v 0,6 % byla nutná konverze na sternotomii) při zachování stabilně nízké mortality a rizika konverze. Pacienti operovaní miniinvazivně měli kratší operační časy, kratší dobu intubace a dobu pobytu na jednotce intenzivní péče, nižší krevní ztráty a spotřebu transfuzních přípravků, nižší riziko konverze i ranné infekce. Dle EuroSCORE II se však jednalo o málo rizikové pacienty. Závěry: V České republice je jasně vyjádřen příznivý trend ke stoupajícímu využití miniinvazivních přístupů pro izolovanou náhradu aortální chlopně při zachování nízké mortality. Pacienti operovaní miniinvazivně vykazují nízké riziko komplikací a rychlou rekonvalescenci. Pro chirurgickou náhradu aortální chlopně by měl být preferenčně volen miniinvazivní přístup, pokud nejsou zásadní kontraindikace. © 2020, ČKS.
Aims: Minimally invasive surgical approaches to aortic valve replacement are a popular compromise between standard replacement through median sternotomy and transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The aim of our study was to analyze the respective surgical approaches and their outcomes in the last five years in the Czech Republic. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all the isolated surgical aortic valve replacements performed in the Czech Republic between 2015 and 2019 from the aspect of surgical approach. For this purpose, we took the cohort data from National Registry of Cardiovascular Surgeries and Interventions. We assessed the size of the cohorts and the early perioperative mortality in all the cohorts in time as well as the early perioperative outcomes. Results: There is a rising tendency in time towards choosing the minimally invasive approach to aortic valve replacement. In 2019, 287 patients (37.5%) were operated in a minimally invasive manner (27.6% through partial sternotomy, 9.3% through thoracotomy, conversion was required in 0.6%) while preserving stable low mortality and risk of conversion. Minimally invasive cohorts had shorter operation times, shorter artificial ventilation time, and intensive care unit stay. They had lower blood loss, lower need for transfusion, lower risk of conversion and wound infection. However, they had low risk profile according to EuroSCORE II. Conclusion: In the Czech Republic, there is a favorable trend towards rising use of minimally invasive approaches to isolated aortic valve replacement while preserving stable low mortality. The patients have low risk of complications and the recovery is fast. Minimally invasive approaches to aortic valve replacement should be generally preferred as far as there are no severe contraindications.
