Purpose: In our study, we examined changes in short-term episodic memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in women after an exercise program alone or in combination with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation. Patients and Methods: Fifty-five healthy elderly women (65-80 years) were randomly split into two groups: in the first group were women attending an exercise program while taking wax esters-rich oil (Calanus) supplementation (n = 28) and in the other group were women undergoing the same exercise program while taking placebo (n = 27). The 16-week exercise program consisted of functional circuit training (twice a week) and Nordic walking lessons (once a week). Short-term episodic memory was evaluated by the Czech screening Test "Pojmenování OBrázků A jejich Vybavení" (POBAV) baseline and after the program lasting 16 weeks. Results: Our results show that short-term memory significantly improved following the exercise program, but there was no added value in using n-3 PUFA supplements. BDNF values did not differ between baseline and follow-up in either group. However, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between relative change (%) in the POBAV test and VO2peak in the placebo group (r = 0.49). Conclusion: Despite the added value of n-3 PUFA supplementation not being proven, our results may strengthen the importance of physical activity in averting age-related memory decline and dementia.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkový neurotrofický faktor * MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effects of exercise training (ET) with omega-3/Calanus oil supplementation on cardiorespiratory and adiposity parameters in elderly women. Fifty-five women (BMI: 19-37 kg/m2, 62-80 years old) were recruited and randomly assigned to the 4 month intervention with ET and omega-3 supplementation (Calanus oil, ET-Calanus) or ET and the placebo (sunflower oil; ET-Placebo). The body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured using spiroergometry and PhysioFlow hemodynamic testing. Both interventions resulted in an increased lean mass whereas the fat mass was reduced in the leg and trunk as well as the android and gynoid regions. The content of trunk fat (in percent of the total fat) was lower and the content of the leg fat was higher in the ET-Calanus group compared with the ET-Placebo. Although both interventions resulted in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), it was explained by an increased peripheral oxygen extraction (a-vO2diff) alone in the ET-Placebo group whereas increased values of both a-vO2diff and maximal cardiac output (COmax) were observed in the ET-Calanus group. Changes in COmax were associated with changes in systemic vascular resistance, circulating free fatty acids, and the omega-3 index. In conclusion, Calanus oil supplementation during a 4 month ET intervention in elderly women improved the cardiorespiratory function, which was due to combined central and peripheral cardiodynamic mechanisms.
- MeSH
- cévní rezistence MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minutový srdeční výdej MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- plankton chemie MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background. The main aim of this study was to estimate the effect of physical activities (PA) on cognitive functions (CF) in cognitively impaired older adults divided according to the impairment severity. Methods. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCT). We focused on the effect of exercise on CF in intervention groups and control groups separately in people with cognitive impairment across three levels - borderline intact, mild, and moderate cognitive impairment separately. Results. Data from 40 studies involving 1,780 participants from intervention groups and 1,508 participants from control groups were analyzed. 37.0% of intervention groups presented a statistically significant beneficial effect of PA on CF, while 5% presented a statistically significant harmful effect of PA on CF. 40.0% of the control groups showed a significant decrease in CF. 54.3% interventions had a statistically significant beneficial effect (Hedges’ g > 0). However, there was a great variability between the studies in terms of exercise program description and cognitive impairment of the subjects. Conclusions. Physical exercise was associated with cognitive function improvement in older people with cognitive impairment. The positive effect is stronger in people with a mild level of cognitive impairment.
- MeSH
- demence diagnóza rehabilitace MeSH
- kognice klasifikace MeSH
- kognitivní stárnutí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink metody MeSH
- pohybová aktivita fyziologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- terapie cvičením metody MeSH
- testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
CONTEXT: Metabolic disturbances and a pro-inflammatory state associated with aging and obesity may be mitigated by physical activity or nutrition interventions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess whether physical fitness/exercise training (ET) alleviates inflammation in adipose tissue (AT), particularly in combination with omega-3 supplementation, and whether changes in AT induced by ET can contribute to an improvement of insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in the elderly. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of physical fitness was determined in cross-sectional comparison of physically active/physically fit (trained) and sedentary/less physically fit (untrained) older women (71 ± 4 years, n = 48); and in double-blind randomized intervention by 4 months of ET with or without omega-3 (Calanus oil) supplementation (n = 55). Physical fitness was evaluated by spiroergometry (maximum graded exercise test) and senior fitness tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Samples of subcutaneous AT were used to analyze mRNA gene expression, cytokine secretion, and immune cell populations. RESULTS: Trained women had lower mRNA levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers, lower relative content of CD36+ macrophages, and higher relative content of γδT-cells in AT when compared with untrained women. Similar effects were recapitulated in response to a 4-month ET intervention. Content of CD36+ cells, γδT-cells, and mRNA expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress markers correlated to insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS: In older women, physical fitness is associated with less inflammation in AT. This may contribute to beneficial metabolic outcomes achieved by ET. When combined with ET, omega-3 supplementation had no additional beneficial effects on AT inflammatory characteristics.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence fyziologie MeSH
- kardiorespirační zdatnost fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost fyziologie MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- tuková tkáň imunologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zánět metabolismus patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
We investigated changes in functional fitness after an exercise program in combination with Calanus oil supplementation, a novel source of bioactive lipids rich in wax esters with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA). Fifty-five healthy sedentary women aged 65-80 (mean age 70.9 ± 3.9 years, BMI 27.24 ± 3.9 kg m-2, VO2peak 19.46 ± 3.7 ml kg-1 min-1) were enrolled in the study. The participants were divided into two groups: exercise training plus Calanus Oil supplementation (n = 28) or exercise plus placebo (sunflower oil) supplementation (n = 27). The exercise intervention program was completed by 53 participants and contained functional circuit training (twice a week, 45 min plus 15 min of stretching and balance training) and Nordic walking (once a week, 60 min) for 16 weeks. Senior fitness test, exercise stress test on bicycle ergometer, hand-grip, and body composition were evaluated before and after the program. Our results show that functional fitness and body composition improved following the interventional exercise program, but for most of the parameters there was no synergic effect of supplementing n-3 PUFA-rich Calanus oil. In comparison to the placebo group, the group with Calanus supplementation experienced significantly higher improvement of functional strength of lower body which was evaluated by the chair stand test. Supplementation with Calanus may have a synergic effect with exercise on functional strength of the lower body in the elderly.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Copepoda chemie MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kondiční příprava metody fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- síla ruky MeSH
- svalová síla MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Physical activity (PA) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders, including sarcopenia. The positive influence of PA interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions. Current reviews on the topic include studies with varied PA interventions for sarcopenia; nevertheless, no systematic review exploring the effects of PA in general on sarcopenia has been published. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in older people on the basis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for articles addressing the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Twenty-five articles were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant association between PA and sarcopenia was documented in most of the studies, as well as the protective role of PA against sarcopenia development. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that PA reduces the odds of acquiring sarcopenia in later life (odds ratio [OR] =0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.55). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the beneficial influence of PA in general for the prevention of sarcopenia.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sarkopenie patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
