Pod záštitou Světové zdravotnické organizace (WHO) probíhá monitorování dětské obezity (COSI – Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), kterého se Česko účastní již od počátku (školního roku 2007/2008). Cílem tohoto projektu je sledování prevalence obezity a nadváhy u sedmi- a devítiletých dětí. V naší zemi se jedná o skupinu sedmiletých dětí. Data byla získána od 2349 dětí vyšetřených 72 praktickými lékaři pro děti a dorost z celé republiky. Během vyšetření byly měřeny antropometrické parametry a probíhalo dotazníkové šetření. Prevalence obezity a nadváhy se mezi roky 2008–2019 významně nelišila. V roce 2019 byl výzkum uskutečněn popáté a přinesl trend zvyšování četnosti obezity a mírné snížení prevalence nadváhy u obou pohlaví. Nadváhu mělo 6,09 % chlapců a 7,12 % dívek. Prevalence obezity byla 9,26 % u chlapců a 8,64 % u dívek (hodnoceno podle českých referenčních hodnot). Již od počátku výzkumu jsme zaznamenali relativně vysoké zastoupení těžké obezity (u chlapců 3,21 % a u dívek 0,8 %), které se mezi jednotlivými výzkumy statisticky významně nelišilo. I když prevalence nadměrné hmotnosti do roku 2019 razantně nestoupala, je důležité věnovat se preventivním a léčebným programům, které jsou nedílnou součástí prevence a časného záchytu obezity v dětské populaci.
World Health Organization (WHO) Europe organizes Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), in which the Czech Republic participates since the beginning. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity of 7-year-old children in the Czech Republic. Data were obtained from 2349 children examined by 72 pediatricians across the Czech Republic. Anthropometric parameters were measured and subjects filled questionnaire. The prevalence of obesity and overweight did not change significantly between 2008 and 2019. Although in the fifth round in 2019, the prevalence of obesity increased and the prevalence of overweight slightly decreased in both sexes. In 2019 6.09 % of boys and 7.12 % of girl had overweight. The prevalence of obesity in the fifth round was 9.26 % in boys and 8.64 % in girls (assessed according to the Czech reference values). Already in the first round we noticed a relatively high prevalence of severe obesity (3.21 % for boys and 0.8 % for girls), which did not differ significantly between rounds. Even if the prevalence of overweight has not significantly increased until 2019, preventive and treatment programs are very important, because it is an important part of the prevention and early detection of obesity in children.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha * epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Obvod pasu jako parametr abdominální obezity je základním kritériem metabolického syndromu a je spojen s řadou kardiometabolických poruch. Pod záštitou WHO Europe proběhlo již pět kol monitorování dětské obezity (COSI – Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), kterého se Česká republika účastní od počátku (2007/2008). Cílem tohoto projektu je sledování prevalence nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti, rizikového obvodu pasu a environmentálních faktorů, jež se podílejí na změnách tělesné hmotnosti u 6–9letých dětí. Dobrou výpovědní hodnotu o rozložení tukové tkáně v těle mají obvod pasu a poměr pasu k výšce (WHtR – waist to height ratio). V 5. kole v roce 2019 byl rizikový obvod pasu nalezen u 11,37 % chlapců a 12,37 % dívek, z nichž 17,29 % chlapců, resp. 7,19 % dívek mělo BMI mimo kategorii nadváha a obezita (BMI < 90. percentil, hodnoceno podle českých referenčních hodnot). Poměr pas/výška byl zvýšen u 11,11 % chlapců a u 13,61 % dívek, z toho 13,85 % chlapců a 20,92 % dívek s BMI < 90. percentil. Vzhledem k relativně vysokému zastoupení jedinců s tělesnou hmotností BMI < 90. percentil a s rizikovým obvodem pasu nebo WHtR by bylo k prevenci a časnému záchytu nadměrné tělesné hmotnosti vhodné zvážit měření obvodu pasu jako součást preventivních prohlídek u dětí.
Waist circumference, as a parameter of abdominal obesity, is a major criterion of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with a number of cardiometabolic diseases. WHO Europe organizes surveillance of childhood obesity (COSI = Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative), in which the Czech Republic has been participating since the it´s start in years 2007/2008. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight, and obesity, risk waist circumference and environmental factors involved in body weight change. Waist circumference and waist to height ratio (WHtR) positively correlate with the amount of visceral adipose tissue. In the fifth round in 2019, risk waist circumference was found in 11.37 % of boys and 12.37 % of girls, of which 17.29 % of boys and 7.19 % of girls had BMI < 90.centil (assessed according to Czech reference values). Concurrently, 11.11 % of boys and 13.61 % of girls had increased WHtR, of which 13.85 % of boys and 20.92 % of girls had BMI < 90.percentil. Therefore, it is important to devote attention to preventive and treatment programs. Due to the relatively high prevalence of subjects with weight BMI < 90.percentil and with a risk waist circumference or risk WHtR the waist circumference measurement may be considered in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- abdominální obezita dietoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Agentury pro zdravotnický výzkum MZ ČR
nestr.
The prospective study will focus on repeated examinations of young adults aged 21–26 years, who were examined as adolescents in the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project in 2009–2010. The study will provide valuable information about the development of the monitored risk/protective factors in relation to body weight, physical composition and glucose and lipid metabolism during time. Unique data will be especially on the effect of adenoviral infection type 36 or fatty acid spectrum on cardiometabolic health of studied probands. The cross-sectional study will analyze the prevalence of excessive weight, abdominal obesity and risk factors among 2,500 Czech children aged 6.5–7.5 years. The project follows up on previous rounds of the European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) founded by WHO in 2006, whose uniqueness is in the repeated investigation according to an identical protocol in regions of WHO Europe. Information gathered will include basic anthropometric data; personal, family medical history; eating, physical habits and school environment.
Prospektivní část studie se zaměří na opakované vyšetření mladých dospělých ve věku 21–26 let, kteří byli zařazeni do projektu Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment (COPAT) v letech 2009–2010. Studie poskytne cenné informace o vývoji sledovaných rizikových/protektivních faktorů ve vztahu k tělesné hmotnosti, tělesnému složení či metabolismu tuků a cukrů v průběhu doby. Unikátní budou zejména údaje o vlivu adenovirové infekce typu 36 či spektra mastných kyselin na kardiometabolické zdraví sledovaných jedinců. Průřezová část studie analyzuje prevalenci nadměrné hmotnosti, abdominální obezity a rizikových faktorů u 2500 českých dětí ve věkové kategorii 6,5–7,5 let. Naváže tak na Iniciativu monitorování obezity dětí (COSI) založenou Světovou zdravotnickou organizací (WHO) již v roce 2006. Jedinečnost COSI spočívá v opakovaném, aktuálně již pátém, šetření dle identického protokolu v regionech WHO Evropa. Zjišťovány budou základní antropometrické údaje, informace o osobní a rodinné anamnéze, jídelních a pohybových zvyklostech a rovněž o školním prostředí, ve kterém se děti pohybují.
- MeSH
- adenovirové infekce lidí MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hormony MeSH
- kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nadváha MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ochranné faktory MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- pediatrie
- nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
- preventivní medicína
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR
The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiometabolic diseases. A cohort of 84 men and 131 women were examined in adolescence and after 8 years. Body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) were measured. The composition of fatty acids (FAs) of serum phospholipids was assessed using gas chromatography. Statistics: PLS method. Aim: to determine the relationships between FAs in adolescence and FM (explanatory variable 1, EV1) and BW (explanatory variable 2, EV2) in adulthood. In the predictive models, a cluster of FAs in boys explained 47.2 % of EV1 and a cluster of 6 FAs in girls explained 32.3 % of EV1 measured in adulthood. FAs measured in adolescents explained 23.7 % of EV2 in early adults regardless of gender. A significant negative association was found between 18:1n-9c and EV1 in males and EV2 in both genders. We found a significant negative association between 18:2n-6 and 20:0 and both EV1 and EV2. In all analyses, we found a significant negative association of 20:1n-9 and 18:3n-3 with EV1-2 in both genders. A significant positive association was found in 20:3n-6 with EV1 and EV2 in males. 20:4n-6 was positively associated with EV1 in females and EV2 in both genders. A positive association between FM and very long chain n- 6 PUFAs was also observed. It is concluded that serum MUFAs and essential PUFAs in adolescence are associated with lower BW and FM in adulthood.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fosfolipidy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
- omega-3 mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). METHOD: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.
- MeSH
- čas strávený před obrazovkou MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- školy MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Establishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, and accurate data on children's weight status-through standardized measurement of bodyweight and height-in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and school environments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the European Region have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007 and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI, data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables intercountry comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore, it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and potential risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development of overweight and obesity in European primary-school children in order to support appropriate and effective policy responses.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Childhood obesity is a serious global health problem. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reflect body fat distribution in children. The objectives of this study were to assess WC and WHtR in 7-year-old children and to determine body mass index (BMI), WC, and WHtR differences in children from 10 selected countries across Europe (Bulgaria, Czechia, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, North Macedonia, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). The 50th and 90th percentile of WC (according to COSI and "Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS" (IDEFICS) cutoff values) and WHtR above 0.5 were used as measures of abdominal obesity in a unique sample of 38,975 children aged 7.00-7.99 years. Southern European countries, including Greece and Spain, showed significantly higher BMI, WC, and WHtRin both genders (p < 0.0001) than Eastern and Northern Europe. The highest values for WC were observed in Greece (60.8 ± 7.36 cm boys; 60.3 ± 7.48 cm girls), North Macedonia (60.4 ± 7.91 cm boys; 59.0 ± 8.01 cm girls), and Spain (59.7 ± 6.96 cm boys; 58.9 ± 6.77 cm girls). WC and WHtRin may add an information about the occurrence of central obesity in children.
- MeSH
- abdominální obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- poměr pas/výška MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- tělesná výška MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are important predictors of children's health. This paper aimed to investigate socioeconomic disparities in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep across the WHO European region. This cross-sectional study used data on 124,700 children aged 6 to 9 years from 24 countries participating in the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative between 2015 and 2017. Socioeconomic status (SES) was measured through parental education, parental employment status, and family perceived wealth. Overall, results showed different patterns in socioeconomic disparities in children's movement behaviors across countries. In general, high SES children were more likely to use motorized transportation. Low SES children were less likely to participate in sports clubs and more likely to have more than 2 h/day of screen time. Children with low parental education had a 2.24 [95% CI 1.94-2.58] times higher risk of practising sports for less than 2 h/week. In the pooled analysis, SES was not significantly related to active play. The relationship between SES and sleep varied by the SES indicator used. Importantly, results showed that low SES is not always associated with a higher prevalence of "less healthy" behaviors. There is a great diversity in SES patterns across countries which supports the need for country-specific, targeted public health interventions.
- MeSH
- chování dětí MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- delta-5-desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
- desaturasy mastných kyselin genetika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH