European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes), is a critically endangered fish of ecological and economic importance, hosting numerous parasites, including myxozoans (Cnidaria). Since its initial discovery in the kidney of European eel, Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 has been reported with numerous spore sizes and shapes from various tissues of multiple anguillid species. Morphological variability, wide host and tissue spectrum, and lack of sequence data raised doubts about the conspecificity of reported isolates. Subsequent studies provided 18S rDNA sequences of several isolates from anguillids and other elopiform fish, and demonstrated a split of parasite data into two distinct phylogenetic lineages, one comprising the M. giardi sequence, and the other all species infecting elopiform fishes classified under the recently established genus Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018. Myxidium giardi was, however, transferred to this genus as Paramyxidium giardi n. comb. and designated as the type species of the genus. In line with this change, the sequence originally identified as M. giardi was considered to have been incorrectly associated with this species. To shed light on the status of M. giardi originally described by Cépède (1906), we conducted microscopic and molecular examinations of various organs of 24 individuals of European eel, originating from diverse Czech habitats. Through morphometric and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that spore and polar capsule morphology, morphometry and tissue tropism of our European eel kidney parasite isolates matched the features of the original M. giardi description. Our isolates clustered in the lineage encompassing the first published M. giardi sequence. Thus, the originally described M. giardi indeed represents an existing species within the genus Myxidium Bütschli, 1882, which we formally resurrect and redescribe. Due to the morphological and molecular differences between M. giardi and P. giardi of Freeman et Kristmundsson (2018), we additionally rename the latter species as Paramyxidium freemani nom. nov.
- MeSH
- Anguilla * parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- ledviny * parazitologie MeSH
- Myxozoa * klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb * parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat * parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In recent years, an emerging dermocystidiosis caused by Dermocystidium anguillae Spangenberg, 1975 has been found to pose a threat to the culture of American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur), as well as Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky), in China. Dermocystidium anguillae was originally described from European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus), and it is thus important to identify the possible source of this pathogen. In the present study, we compared D. anguillae from European eels cultured in China with those from American eels. Molecular analysis showed that the SSU rDNA of D. anguillae infecting European eels was identical to that of D. anguillae infecting American eels, suggesting their conspecificity. To investigate the source of D. anguillae causing dermocystidiosis in American eels cultured in China, a specific PCR assay for the detection of D. anguillae was developed with high sensitivity (10-6 ng/μl of D. anguillae genomic DNA). Using the present molecular detection method, the water and sediment of culture ponds, fish feed and American eel elvers imported from America were screened for the presence of D. anguillae. No amplicons were detected from the water, sediment and fish feed samples. However, positive amplicons were found in American eel elvers, indicating that D. anguillae has been introduced from American eel elvers to China. It is suggested that American eel elvers imported from America should be examined for the presence of D. anguillae before their exportation abroad to prevent the spread of this pathogen.
Casualties caused by nerve agents, potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, have attracted attention from media recently. Poisoning with these chemicals may be fatal if not correctly addressed. Therefore, research on novel antidotes is clearly warranted. Pyridinium oximes are the only clinically available compounds, but poor penetration into the blood-brain barrier hampers efficient enzyme reactivation at the central nervous system. In searching for structural factors that may be explored in SAR studies, we synthesized and evaluated neutral aryloximes as reactivators for acetylcholinesterase inhibited by NEMP, a VX surrogate. Although few tested compounds reached comparable reactivation results with clinical standards, they may be considered as leads for further optimization.
- MeSH
- acetylcholinesterasa chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Anguilliformes MeSH
- antidota chemická syntéza metabolismus MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie metabolismus MeSH
- organothiofosforové sloučeniny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oximy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- pyrrolidiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivátory cholinesterasy chemická syntéza metabolismus MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Collections of parasitic nematodes of fishes from some freshwater and brackish-water localities in Honshu, Shikoku and Hokkaido, Japan, carried out in 1996-2009, yielded the following eight species: Hysterothylacium haze (Machida, Takahashi et Masuuchi, 1978) (Anisakidae), Paraquimperia sp., Pingus sinensis Hsü, 1933 (both Quimperiidae), Heliconema anguillae Yamaguti, 1935 (Physalopteridae), Rhabdochona angusticaudata sp. n., Rhabdochona zacconis Yamaguti, 1935 (both Rhabdochonidae), Ascarophis arctica Polyanskiy, 1952 (Cystidicolidae) and Eustrongylides sp. larvae (Dioctophymatidae). The new species, R. angusticaudata sp. n., described from the intestine of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel in the Renjoji River, Shikoku, is mainly characterised by the presence of 14-16 anterior prostomal teeth, non-bifurcated deirids with rounded ends, the length of the left spicule (300-384 µm long), the right spicule with a dorsal barb and non-filamented eggs. The species of Paraquimperia Baylis, 1934 and A. arctica are reported from Japan for the first time. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations, some new morphological data on H. haze, H. anguillae, R. zacconis and A. arctica are provided.
- MeSH
- Anguilla * MeSH
- Ascaridida fyziologie MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Ascaridida epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Spirurida epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rozšíření zvířat * MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- Spiruroidea fyziologie MeSH
- Thelazioidea fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies of nematode specimens from the digestive tract of some rarely collected anguilliform and perciform fishes off New Caledonia, three new species of Cucullanus Müller, 1777 (Cucullanidae) are described: C. austropacificus n. sp. from the longfin African conger Conger cinereus (Congridae), C. gymnothoracis n. sp. from the lipspot moray Gymnothorax chilospilus (Muraenidae), and C. incognitus n. sp. from the seabream Dentex fourmanoiri (Sparidae). Cucullanus austropacificus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of cervical alae, ventral sucker, alate spicules 1.30-1.65 mm long, conspicuous outgrowths of the anterior and posterior cloacal lips and by elongate-oval eggs measuring 89-108 × 48-57 μm; C. gymnothoracis n. sp. is similar to the foregoing species, but differs from it in the absence of cervical alae and the posterior cloacal outgrowth, in the shape and size of the anterior cloacal outgrowth and somewhat shorter spicules 1.12 mm long; C. incognitus n. sp. (based on female morphology) differs from other congeneric species parasitic in the Sparidae mainly in possessing cervical alae, the postequatorial vulva, phasmids situated at the mid-length of the tail and in the size of the eggs (75-84 × 45-66 μm). A key to species of Cucullanus parasitizing anguilliform fishes is provided.
- MeSH
- Anguilliformes parazitologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt parazitologie MeSH
- hlístice anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kloaka parazitologie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- nematodózy epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Perciformes parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nová Kaledonie MeSH
- MeSH
- 1-alfa-hydroxylasa 25-hydroxyvitaminu D3 izolace a purifikace krev MeSH
- Anguilliformes MeSH
- hydroxycholekalciferoly izolace a purifikace krev metabolismus MeSH
- hydroxylace fyziologie imunologie účinky záření MeSH
- játra enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny enzymologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- losos MeSH
- metabolické nemoci kostí diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- metabolismus fyziologie účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- potravní doplňky využití MeSH
- ryby klasifikace MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * klasifikace MeSH
- vitamin D * fyziologie izolace a purifikace normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
A new species of microphallid, Longiductotrema tethepae n. sp., is reported from a muraenid eel Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker) on the northern Great Barrier Reef. The new species is described based on adults from Gy. pseudothyrsoideus and metacercariae from a grapsid crab, Grapsus albolineatus Latreille in Milbert, collected from off Lizard Island, Queensland, Australia. The new species is assigned to Longiductotrema Deblock & Heard, 1969 based on morphological characters (presence of a cirrus-sac; a long metraterm, intensively ensheathed by gland-cells; an entirely postcaecal uterus; vitellarium composed of two lateral clusters each of about ten follicles, situated in the testicular and post-testicular areas). Longiductotrema tethepae n. sp. is the third species assigned to the genus, differing from its congeners in having a distinctly larger body dimensions, a smaller pharynx in relation to oral sucker, the anterior limits of the vitelline fields at the level of the testes (vs at the level of the ovary) and in its parasitism of a muraenid fish (vs birds). Additionally, the new species differs from L. floridense Deblock & Heard, 1969 in having a shorter metraterm and from L. scandolensis Deblock & Bartoli, 1988 in having a less elongate forebody in relation to body length, shorter caeca and prepharynx, and slightly larger eggs. Phylogenetic analyses, based on partial 28S rRNA gene sequences, showed that the present species is sister to all other microphallids for which sequence data are available. This is the fourth report of a microphallid from a marine eel, the first from the Muraenidae Rafinesque and the first from a marine fish in the Indo-west Pacific. A summary of all species of the Microphallidae parasitising fish is provided.
- MeSH
- Anguilliformes parazitologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Three species of Pseudodactylogyrus Gusev, 1965 (Monogenea: Pseudodactylogyridae) were collected from the gills of Anguilla reinhardtii Steindachner and A. australis Richardson from several localities in Australia and eels imported to Japan from Australia. Pseudodactylogyrus gusevi sp. n. from A. reinhardtii (type host) and A. australis in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. bini (Kikuchi, 1929), but can be differentiated by the shorter male copulatory tube, heavy sclerotisation of the vaginal tube and the presence of a small projection of the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus rohdei sp. n. from A. australis (type host) in Queensland, Australia is most similar to P. anguillae (Yin et Sproston, 1948), but differs in the possession of a longer cement gland and the presence of a small projection on the supplementary piece of the hamulus. Pseudodactylogyrus bini sensu Gusev, 1965 and P. anguillae sensu Gusev, 1965 are synonymised with P. gusevi sp. n. and P. rohdei sp. n., respectively. Pseudodactylogyrus mundayi sp. n. from A. australis, originating in Tasmania, Australia and sent alive to Japan, is most similar to P. kamegaii Iwashita, Hirata et Ogawa, 2002, from which it can be discriminated by the shorter male copulatory tube and the shorter vaginal tube. Dactylogyrus bialatus Wu, Wang et Jian, 1988 from Synechogobius ommaturus (Richardson) (Gobiidae) is transferred to Pseudodactylogyrus as P. bialatus comb. n. A phylogenetic tree based on the ITS2 region of six species of Pseudodactylogyrus including P. gusevi and P. mundayi shows that P. haze from a goby diverged first, and that species from eels are monophyletic, forming three lineages differing by their zoogeographical distribution. With the three new species and one new combination proposed in this paper, Pseudodactylogyrus is now comprised of eight species infecting anguillid and gobiid fish, and a key to species is presented.
- MeSH
- Anguilliformes * klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Trematoda * anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
This paper summarises the results of parasitological examinations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) in the Czech Republic, carried out at the Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences (previously the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) within the period of 50 years (1958-2008). Even though this survey is limited to the Czech Republic, it provides extensive data probably incomparable with any other study anywhere regarding the number of eels examined and parasites found. A total of 723 eels was examined from 42 localities that belong to all of the three main river drainage systems in the country, i.e. the Elbe, Danube and Oder river basins. Of the 31 species of adult and larval macroparasites including Monogenea (4 species), Trematoda (3), Cestoda (3), Nematoda (11), Acanthocephala (5), Hirudinea (1), Bivalvia (1), Copepoda (1), Branchiura (1) and Acariformes (1), most of them (30) were recorded from the Elbe River basin. These parasites can be divided into three main groups regarding their host specificity: parasites specific for eels (26%), non-specific adult parasites occurring also in other fishes (61%) and non-specific larvae (13%). The highest number (19) of parasite species was recorded in the Mácha Lake fishpond system in northern Bohemia. The parasite communities in eels from the individual localities exhibited large differences in their species composition and diversity depending on local ecological conditions. The parasite fauna of A. anguilla in the Czech Republic is compared with that in other European countries. The nematode Cucullanus egyptae Abdel-Ghaffar, Bashtar, Abdel-Gaber, Morsy, Mehlhorn, Al Quraishy et Mohammed, 2014 is designated as a species inquirenda.
- MeSH
- Acanthocephala klasifikace MeSH
- Anguilla * parazitologie MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- Cestoda klasifikace MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- paraziti * klasifikace MeSH
- řeky parazitologie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
A parasitic nematode from the stomach of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel in western Japan, previously identified as Heliconema longissimum (Ortlepp, 1922), was morphologically re-examined and compared with the previous descriptions. In addition, the third-stage larva of this nematode is described, based on the specimens of encapsuled larvae found in musculature of two crabs, Hemigrapsus sp. and Perisesarma bidens (De Haan), caught from the upper-intertidal zone of the same locality. As a result of the morphological observation, seven pairs of postcloacal papillae in adult males are confirmed. This matches with the character of H. longissimum, but the shape of the fifth postcloacal papillae differs between the present material and H. longissimum; the former possesses pedunculate papillae in the fifth pair whereas the latter has sessile papillae. Since the pedunculate papillae can be found in the original description and the syntype specimens of H. anguillae Yamaguti, 1935 that has been synonymised with H. longissimum, we thus here resurrect H. anguillae as an accepted species. For the life-cycle of the present nematode, littoral crabs, including the two infected species, are likely to be the source of infections for Japanese eels, acting as intermediate hosts.
- MeSH
- Anguilla * parazitologie MeSH
- hlístice * klasifikace růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- krabi parazitologie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
