Although relatively rare, polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is likely the second most common malignancy of the minor salivary glands (MiSG). The diagnosis is mainly based on an incisional biopsy. The optimal treatment comprises wide surgical excision, often with adjuvant radiotherapy. In general, PAC has a good prognosis. Previously, PAC was referred to as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), but the new WHO classification of salivary gland tumours has also included under the PAC subheading, the so-called cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). This approach raised controversy, predominantly because of possible differences in clinical behaviour. For example, PLGA (PAC, classical variant) only rarely metastasizes, whereas CAMSG often shows metastases to the neck lymph nodes. Given the controversy, this review reappraises the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, genetics, treatment modalities, and prognosis of PAC of the salivary glands with a particular focus on contrasting differences with CAMSG.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom patologie   chirurgie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy * MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz patologie   terapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis for acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands are critically reviewed. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. In the context of possible diagnostic difficulties, the relationship to mammary analog secretory carcinoma is probed and a classification is suggested. Areas of controversy or uncertainty, which may benefit from further investigations, are also highlighted.

• MeSH
• acinární karcinom * epidemiologie   metabolismus   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz epidemiologie   metabolismus   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• parotis MeSH
• předoperační péče MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Buff-tailed bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, use a male sex pheromone for premating communication. Its main component is a sesquiterpene, 2,3-dihydrofarnesol. This paper reports the isolation of a thiolase (acetyl-CoA thiolase, AACT_BT), the first enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway leading to formation of isoprenoids in the B. terrestris male sex pheromone. Characterisation of AACT_BT might contribute to a better understanding of pheromonogenesis in the labial gland of B. terrestris males. The protein was purified to apparent homogeneity by column chromatography with subsequent stepwise treatment. AACT_BT showed optimum acetyltransferase activity at pH 7.1 and was strongly inhibited by iodoacetamide. The enzyme migrated as a band with an apparent mass of 42.9 kDa on SDS-PAGE. MS analysis of an AACT_BT tryptic digest revealed high homology to representatives of the thiolase family. AACT_BT has 96 % amino acid sequence identity with the previously reported Bombus impatiens thiolase.

• MeSH
• acetyl-CoA-C-acetyltransferasa antagonisté a inhibitory   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy enzymologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční analýza MeSH
• sexuální lákadla biosyntéza   MeSH
• terpeny metabolismus   MeSH
• včely metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

De novo biosynthesis of male sex pheromone from two bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris and Bombus lucorum) was studied by using in vitro incubations of labial glands (LGs) with radioactive [1,2-(14)C]acetate and deuterated [D(3)]acetate. The labeled substrate was incorporated into several types of compounds, such as terpenic alcohols, fatty acids, esters, and hydrocarbons. A similar incubation of [1,2-(14)C]acetate with fat bodies (FB) led to the formation of fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAG), and hydrocarbons. To support the results from in vitro incubations, PCR analysis of fatty acid synthase (FAS) transcripts in LG and FB was performed. Relative quantification of FAS transcription levels revealed that the abundance of mRNA from the FAS gene is a function of the age of B. terrestris males. A comparison of the relative FAS mRNA gene transcription level in FB and LGs of B. terrestris and B. lucorum males proved that high biosynthetic activity takes place in the LGs of both species. Together, these results indicate that pheromone components are synthesized de novo in the LG.

• MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
• deuterium chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• kyselina octová chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny biosyntéza   chemie   MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• radioizotopy uhlíku chemie   MeSH
• sexuální lákadla analýza   biosyntéza   MeSH
• syntázy mastných kyselin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tukové těleso enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• včely metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue and minor salivary glands (CATMSG) is a tumor occurring mostly, but not exclusively, in the base of the tongue. Other locations are minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. Histopathologically, CATMSG resembles papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. It usually reveals a solid growth devoid of colloid, and eosinophilic material present in follicular areas is rather pale in contrast to metastatic foci seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma that shows typical deeply eosinophilic colloid with "moth-eaten peripheries" and cystic configuration. In addition, giant multinucleated cells are not observed in CATMSG and psammoma bodies are found only exceptionally. Unlike papillary thyroid carcinoma, CATMSG is composed of hybrid secretory-myoepithelial cells. Most importantly, CATMSG is consistently negative with both thyroglobulin and TTF-1. CATMSG is a distinct tumor entity that also differs from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma by location, cytology, histological architecture, and behavior, with frequent metastases at the time of presentation. Paradoxically, early metastatic disease seen in most cases of CATMSG is associated with an indolent behavior. It makes CATMSG a unique neoplasm among all low-grade salivary gland tumors.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory jazyka genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

V naší práci chceme seznámit s některými diagnosticky nejtěžšími problémy tumorů hlavy a krku, které jsme zaznamenali v naší konzultační praxi v uplynulých 20 letech. Krátce prezentujeme tyto léze patologie hlavy a krku: multifokální sklerotizující thyroiditis, mukoepidermoidní karcinom štítné žlázy, solidní hnízda štítné žlázy, Chievitzův orgán, romboidní glossitis, ektopická příštítná tělíska, léze slinných žláz s prstenčitou přeměnou, mukokéla, epiteliální „misplacement“ dlaždicového epitelu hlasivkových vazů a angiomatoidní nosní polypy.

We are summarizing some of the difficult pitfalls in tumors of the head and neck, which we have encountered in our biopsies referred for consultation as well as from our routine praxis in the last 20 years. Shortly we are presenting the following lesions of head and neck: multifocal sclerosing thyroiditis, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid, solid cell nests, Chievitz organ, rhomboid glossitis, ectopic parathyroid, signet ring cell change of salivary glands, mucocele, epithelial misplacement of the vocal cord squamous cell epithelium, and angiomatoid nasal polyps.

• Klíčová slova
• multifokální sklerozující tyreoiditida, mukoepidermoidní karcinom štítné žlázy, romboidní glossitis, ektopická příštítná tělíska, léze slinných žláz s prstenčitou přeměnou, epiteliální „misplacement“ dlaždicového epitelu hlasivkových vazů, angiomatoidní nosní polypy,
• MeSH
• acinární karcinom patologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza * MeSH
• glositida etiologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• hlasové řasy abnormality   patologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• imunohistochemie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy * patologie   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů patologie   MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku * patologie   MeSH
• nádory orofaryngu patologie   MeSH
• nosní polypy patologie   MeSH
• orální kandidóza etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• paratyreoidea abnormality   patologie   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom imunologie   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• tonzilární nádory patologie   MeSH
• tyreoiditida imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• uzle štítné žlázy patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of the study was to further elucidate the immunohistochemical and genetic characteristics of cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). The study comprised five CAMSG from two males and three females, aged 21-72 years. Four tumors were localized at the base of tongue and one in the floor of mouth. At the time of diagnosis, four tumors had metastasised to regional lymph nodes. After tumor resection, two patients were treated by radiotherapy and one by chemoradiotherapy. During the follow-up (median 14 months), two patients developed lymph node metastasis. Microscopically, all tumors showed cribriform, papillary, follicular, and microcystic growth patterns. The tumor cells displayed vesicular nuclei with intranuclear grooves. Immunohistochemically, all tumors showed expression of cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, calponin, S-100 protein, and p16 protein. In addition, we observed expression of galectin-3, CK19, and HBME-1, but not of thyroglobulin and TTF-1. No mutations of RET, BRAF, K-RAS, H-RAS, and N-RAS proto-oncogenes were detected. However, in RET proto-oncogene, we found polymorphisms Gly691Ser (exon 11) and Ser904Ser (exon 15) in one case, p.Leu769Leu (exon 13) in one case, and variant p.IVS14-24 G/A of intron 14 in two cases, and in H-RAS proto-oncogene we found polymorphism 81 T-C (exon 1) in three cases. Thyroglobulin and TTF-1 are the only useful markers in the differential diagnosis between CAMSG and papillary thyroid carcinoma as both tumors may express galectin-3, CK19, and HBME-1. The RET, H-RAS, and N-RAS proto-oncoogenes are not mutated in CAMSG.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom genetika   metabolismus   sekundární   MeSH
• buněčné jádro patologie   MeSH
• DNA nádorová analýza   MeSH
• galektin 3 metabolismus   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• keratin-19 metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy patologie   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-ret genetika   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We present a series of 23 cases of a distinctive, hitherto poorly recognized low-grade adenocarcinoma, with several histologic features reminiscent of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, and which mostly but not exclusively occurs in the tongue. All the tumors were unencapsulated and were divided into lobules that were composed mainly of cribriform and solid growth patterns. Therefore, we propose the name "cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland origin (CAMSG)." All the patients were adults with a mean age at diagnosis of 55.8 years (range, 25 to 85 y). Fourteen of the 23 tumors were localized in the tongue, 3 in the soft palate, 2 in the retromolar buccal mucosa, 3 in the lingual tonsils, and 1 in the upper lip. Fifteen patients of 23 had synchronous metastases in the cervical lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis, bilateral in 3 cases. In 3 patients, the nodal metastasis was the first evidence of disease, later investigation revealing primary neoplasms in the base of tongue and tonsil, respectively. In addition, 1 patient developed a cervical lymph node metastasis 8 years after excision of a primary tumor of the tongue. Data on treatment and follow-up were available in 14 cases. The patients were treated by radical excision with clear margins (12 cases) or by simple excision (2 cases). Neck dissection was performed in 10 patients; 9 received radiotherapy, but none were treated by chemotherapy. Clinical follow-up ranged from 2 months to 13 years (mean, 6 y and 5 mo). Twelve patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease after treatment, 1 patient died 2 years after surgery without evidence of tumor, and 1 patient is alive with recurrent tumor of the palate.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom genetika   mortalita   patologie   radioterapie   sekundární   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• adjuvantní radioterapie MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• DNA virů izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• krční disekce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy patologie   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádory jazyka genetika   mortalita   patologie   radioterapie   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• nádory slinných žláz genetika   mortalita   patologie   radioterapie   chirurgie   virologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Autori retrospektívne analyzovali súbor 174 pacientov (33 mužov, 141 žien) vyšetrených v rokoch 2004 – 2006 na Klinike stomatológie a maxilofaciálnej chirurgie v Bratislave pre suspektný primárny a sekundárny Sjögrenov syndrom, alebo sicca-like syndróm (vylúčení boli pacienti po liečbe orofaciálnych malignít). Biopsie malých slinných žlia z dolnej pery sa urobili u 156 (89,7 %) vyšetrených pacientov. Pri hodnotení fokus skóre nález dvoch a viac fokusov na 4 mm2 žľazového tkaniva potvrdil diagnózu Sjögrenovho syndrómu len u 27 (17,53 %) pacientov, nález jedného fokusu diagnózu podporil u 32 (20,78 %) pacientov. U 54 (35,06 %) pacientov sa zistil negatívny nález, alebo v 41 (26,63 %) iba nepatrné lymfocytárne infiltráty.Autori považujú za nesprávnu indikáciu biopsie malých slinných žliaz pred využitím ostatných diagnostických možností.Miesto odberu materiálu intraorálne z pery, resp. z líca, alebo extraorálne z príušnej žľazy neovplyvňuje podstatne výsledok, skôr treba zvážiť možné komplikácie. Biopsia slinných žliaz nesmie chýbať pri podozrení na primárny Sjögrenov syndróm.

Authors analysed retrospectively a group of 174 patients (33 men, 141 women) evaluated within years 2004-2006 at the Dept. of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery in Bratislava for suspect primary and secondary Sjögren´s syndrom or sicca-like syndrome (patients after treatment of oral cancer were excluded). Biopsies of minor salivary glands from the lower lip were performed in 156 (89.7 %) of cases. By the focus score evaluation finding of two or more focuses on 4 mm2 glandular tissue confirmed the diagnosis of the Sjögren’s syndrome only in 27 (17.53 %) of cases, finding of one focus supported the diagnosis in 32 (20.78 %) patients. Fifty four (35.06 %) of the patients had negative findings and in 41 (26.63 %) of the cases there appeared minimal lymphocytic infiltrates by the histopathology. The authors consider the indication of the biopsy before use of other diagnostic tools as incorrect. Site of biopsy intraorally (lip, buccal region) or extraorally (parotid gland) does not influence the result, but more frequent complications should be considered. Biopsy is obligatory by a suspect primary Sjögren´s syndrome.

• MeSH
• biopsie využití   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky endokrinologické využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Sjögrenův syndrom diagnóza   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• biopsie metody   škodlivé účinky   normy   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malé slinné žlázy chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace klasifikace   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• Sjögrenův syndrom diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH