- Keywords
- plazomicin,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Sisomicin * analogs & derivatives therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Development MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Nesprávné používání antibiotik je hlavní příčinou globálního růstu mikrobiální rezistence. Ztráta účinnosti základních i rezervních antibiotik je spojena s narůstajícími medicínskými problémy, s vyšší mortalitou a s vysokými náklady na léčbu. Nová antibiotika jsou proto naléhavě potřebná. Léčiva, která jsou v současnosti registrována nebo se jejich registrace chystá, rozšiřují možnosti antibiotické léčby a napomáhají účinnějšímu zvládání infekcí vyvolaných multirezistentními kmeny. Je však třeba zdůraznit, že nové přípravky přinášejí jen dočasné řešení. Hlavním úkolem je globální snížení spotřeby antibiotik a prosazování principů antibiotické politiky.
Improper use of antibiotics is the main cause of global growth in antimicrobial resistance. The loss of effectiveness of basic and reserve antibiotics is associated with increasing medical problems, higher mortality, and high treatment costs. New antibiotics are therefore urgently needed. Drugs that are currently registered or whose registration is being prepared enrich and enhance the possibilities in management of infections caused by multiresistant strains. It should be emphasized, however, that they are only a temporary solution. The main task is to reduce global consumption and promote the principles of proper antibiotic policy.
- Keywords
- nová antibiotika, ceftolozan/tazobactam, ceftazidim/avibactam, plazomicin, delafloxacin, solithromycin, dalbavancin, oritavancin,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * therapeutic use MeSH
- Azabicyclo Compounds therapeutic use MeSH
- Bacterial Infections drug therapy MeSH
- Biomedical Research MeSH
- Cephalosporins therapeutic use MeSH
- Ceftazidime therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Combinations MeSH
- Fluoroquinolones therapeutic use MeSH
- Glycopeptides therapeutic use MeSH
- beta-Lactamase Inhibitors MeSH
- Penicillanic Acid analogs & derivatives therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Macrolides therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial * MeSH
- Drug Discovery * MeSH
- Sisomicin analogs & derivatives therapeutic use MeSH
- Teicoplanin analogs & derivatives therapeutic use MeSH
- Triazoles therapeutic use MeSH
- Health Policy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To assess the occurrence of the genes of the AdeABC efflux system and their association with antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. METHODS: A set of 116 strains selected for their diversity both in genotypic properties and geographic origin was investigated for the presence of the structural (adeA, adeB and adeC) and regulatory (adeR and adeS) genes of the AdeABC system by PCR, for resistance to 11 antimicrobials by disc diffusion, for MIC of netilmicin and for the presence of aacC2 and aacA4, encoding netilmicin-modifying enzymes. RESULTS: Ninety-five strains were positive for adeA, adeB, adeR and adeS, 10 were positive for 1 to 3 of these genes and 11 were negative for all genes. The adeC gene was found in 49 strains with one or more of the other genes. Forty-one strains were resistant to a maximum of one agent and 75 strains to two or more agents. Netilmicin MICs showed an almost bimodal distribution with respective peaks of 0.5-1 and 8 mg/L; aacC2 or aacA4 was found in six strains with netilmicin MIC of >or=64 mg/L. All 61 strains with netilmicin MICs >or= 4 mg/L were both adeABRS-positive and resistant to two or more agents, whereas netilmicin MICs
- MeSH
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters genetics metabolism MeSH
- Acinetobacter baumannii genetics metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Genes, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- DNA Fingerprinting MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- Acinetobacter Infections microbiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics MeSH
- Netilmicin pharmacology MeSH
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
- Up-Regulation drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Význam gramnegatívnej baktérie Stenotrophomonas maltopbilia, spôsobujúcej infekcie u imunodeficientních pacientov, v poslednej dobe vzrastá hlavne kvôli prirodzenej rezistencii voči mnohým antimikróbnym látkam. Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť postantibiotický účinok (PAE) vybraných aminoglykozidov a charakterizovať jeho pôsobenie na niektoré biologické vlastnosti klinických izolátor S. maltophilia. PAE sa určil použitím suprainhibičných koncentrácií 2x a 4x minimálna inhibičná koncentrácia (MIC) amikacínu, netilmicínu a tobramycínu pri 37 °C 24 h v Mulerovom-Hintonovom bujóne (MHB). Metódou adherencie na xylén a soľnoagregačným testom sa stanovila povrchová hydrofobicita buniek S. malíophilia, dalei sa hodnotila motilita a produkcia lipázy u testovaných kmeňov. Najdlhší PAE – priemerne 2 h indukoval netilmicín u kmeňa č. 5 777. Aminoglykozidy v suprainhibičných koncentráciách neovplyvnili výraznejšie povrchovú hydrofobicitu ani motilitu u testovaných kmeňov. Netilmicín najvýraznejšie inhiboval produkciu lipázy v koncentrácii 4x MIC u kmeňa č. 27 823. Zistené účinky suprainhibičných koncentrácií aminoglykozidov na S. ma/tophiiia boli všeobecne nižšie jako při iných gramnegatívnych baktériách.
Recently, the importance of a gramnegative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, causing infection in immunocompromised patients, grows rapidly, mainly because of its primary resistance to many antibiotics. The aim of the study was to characterize a postantibiotic effect (PAE) of chosen aminoglycosides and their influence on some biological properties of clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. The PAE was detected using suprainhibitory concentrations of 2x and 4x minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amikacin, netilmicin and tobramycin at 37 °C in Miiller-Hinton broth for 24 h. The surface hydrophobicity of S. maltophilia cells was determined by adherence to xylen and salt aggregation test. Further, motility and production of lipase in strains tested was evaluated as well. The longest PAE - on the average 2 h has been induced by netilmicin on the strain No. 5 777. The infuence of suprainhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides tested on the surface hydrophobicity and motility of both strains was not very apparend. The production of lipase was inhibited by netilimcin at 4x MIC level at the strain No. 27 823. The effects of suprainhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides on S. maltophilia were generally lower in comparison to other gramnegative bacteria.
- MeSH
- Ampicillin therapeutic use MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Bacteria isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Bacterial Infections drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases drug therapy microbiology MeSH
- Netilmicin therapeutic use MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
